Angaraka, Aṅgāraka, Aṅgārakā, Amgaraka: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Angaraka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—An Asura who took the form of a pig. The story of how this Asura was killed by his daughter Aṅgāravatī, is given below.
Long ago there was an emperor named Mahendravarmā in Ujjayinī. His son Mahāsena did penance for a long time to get a wife and a sword. At last Devī appeared and granted the boon: "My son! take this extraordinary sword. So long as you have this sword, your enemies will not prevail against you. Aṅgāravatī, the renowned beauty of the three worlds, who is the daughter of the Asura Aṅgāraka, will become your wife in due course. As you do horrible deeds, you will be called Caṇḍamahāsena". He was given the sword and a tusker called Naḍāgiri. One day Mahāsena went to the forest for hunting. He saw a very large pig. The King used his arrows. But they did little harm to the pig. Moreover it turned the chariot of the King over to one side and ran to a cave. The King followed it with fury. On the way he sat on the bank of a lake with wonder, for a lady of exquisite beauty was walking along the mossy turf in the midst of some maids. Slowly she approached the King and talked with him. The young lady had entirely captured the heart of the King, who told her everything. She began to weep. "Who are you? Why do you weep?" The King asked her. She replied with a deep sigh. "The pig you saw, is my father Aṅgārakāsura. His body is as hard as diamond and not vulnerable to any sort of weapon. These maids have been caught by him from various royal houses and brought here for my help. My name is Aṅgāravatī. My father was changed to a giant by a curse. Now he is asleep discarding the form of pig. When he wakes up, filled with hunger and thirst, he will do you harm. My tears flowed out in the form of heated life-breaths, when I thought of these things." (See full article at Story of Aṅgāraka from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)
2) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—A prince named Aṅgāraka is seen to have been the descendant of Jayadratha, the King of Sauvīra. (Mahābhārata, Vana Parva, Chapter 265, Stanza 10).
3) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—A planet named Maṅgala which is a satellite of Brahmā is seen to have been called by the name Aṅgāraka also. (Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Chapter 11, Stanza 29).
4) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—We see one Aṅgāraka among the one hundred and eight sons of the Sun. (Mahābhārata, Vana Parva, Chapter 3, Stanza 10).
5) Aṅgārakā (अङ्गारका).—(SIṂHIKĀ). Genealogy. Descended in the following order from Viṣṇu. Brahmā-Marīci-Kaśyapa-Aṅgārakā. Birth. In the battle between the Gods and the Asuras, most of the Asuras were killed and one Asura fled from the clutches of death to Pātāla (the nether world). Surasā was the daughter of that Asura. Kaśyapa married Surasā. To them were born the two daughters, Aṅgārakā (Siṃhikā) and Ajāmukhī, and four sons, called Śūrapadma, Siṃhavaktra, Tārakāsura and Gomukha. Thus Siṃhikā is the sister of Tārakāsura. (Skanḍa Purāṇa, Asura Kāṇḍa). Other details. This giantess Aṅgārakā had a clash once, with Hanūmān. Sugrīva had sent a large number of monkeys under the leadership of Hanumān to search for Sītā. He gave Hanūmān certain instructions regarding the route he had to follow. Sugrīva said, "There is a giantess in the middle of that Southern Sea. Her name is Aṅgāra. She pulls the shadow towards her and feeds on the object of the shadow."
From this it is clear that she was a giantess who lived in the sea between Laṅkā and South India. She knew the art of bringing to her side, anybody who passed over the sea, by pulling at his shadow. When Hanūmān jumped to Laṅkā from the mountain of Mahendra the giantess attacked Hanūmān. It is seen that the name Siṃhikā also is used for Aṅgārakā. Hanūmān who was subjected to the excessive attraction of Siṃhikā, felt a great storm raging round him. Finally he found her out, a monster with such an uncouth face and a mouth as wide as the hole of Pātāla (the nether world). There was a terrible fight between Hanūmān and the monster, in which Siṃhikā, fell on the ground beaten. After the fight Hanūmān resumed his journey. (Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Sundarakāṇḍa, Sarga 1, Stanzas 178 to 186).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—(mars)—an inauspicious planet; traverses each of the signs of the zodiac once in three fortnights.1 The planet with Skanda as presiding deity; fed by sampadvasu ray of the sun, attains lauhitam sthāna or the lohita region. Consists of nine rays and looks in size equal to Bṛhaspati: Placed above Śukra at a distance of 200,000 yojanas. Also known as lohita and vakra.2 The first of Planets, originally Vīrabhadra who destroyed Dakṣa's sacrifice; son of mother Earth; fought with Soma.3 Day sacred to.4 vrata in honour of, conduces to health and prosperity; the Śūdras observe it; described by Śukra in detail.5 The tanu of Śarva (Agni) by Vikeśi.6 Born in āṣāḍha.7
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa V. 22. 14.
- 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 24. 48, 70, 82, 95 & 105; Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 7. 8-9.
- 3) Matsya-purāṇa 23. 40; 72. 16 & 23; 93. 13; 133. 20.
- 4) Matsya-purāṇa 193. 8-9.
- 5) Matsya-purāṇa 72. 5-36.
- 6) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 10. 78; Vāyu-purāṇa 27. 51.
- 7) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 24. 82, 133.
1b) A Rudra.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 3. 70; Vāyu-purāṇa 66. 69.
1c) A name of Skanda.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 53. 31; 112. 52.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Wisdom Library: Kathāsaritsāgara1) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक) is the name of a Daitya whose daughter, named Aṅgāravatī, was foretold to be the future wife of Mahāsena, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 11. Aṅgāraka became a rākṣasa through a curse and broke the chariot of Mahāsena in the form of a fierce boar and fled into a cavern. Mahāsena was the son of Jayasena, son of Mahendravarman (king of Ujjayinī), but later becomae known as Caṇḍamahāsena after he made a sacrifice to Durgā.
2) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक) is the name of a Vidyādhara who, after trying to seize a serpent, was flung aside violently during the fire-sacrifice of Sumeru and Sūryaprabha, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 46. The story of Aṅgāraka was narrated by the Vidyādhara king Vajraprabha to prince Naravāhanadatta in order to relate how “Sūryaprabha, being a man, obtain of old time the sovereignty over the Vidyādharas”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Aṅgāraka, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama TextsAṅgāraka (अङ्गारक) or Aṅgārakamantra is the name of a Mantra subsidiary to the Bhūvarāhamantra, as discussed in chapter 40 of the Śeṣasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising 2800 Sanskrit verses narrated by Śeṣa (=Ananta) to Nārada and dealing primarily with the use of the appropriate mantras for various occasions such as jayantī celebrations.—Description of chapter 40: This chapter deals with various other mantras subsidiary to the bhūvarāhamantra—sūryamantra (1-9), somamantra (10-15), aṅgāraka-mantra (16-22a), budhamantra (22b-28), bṛhaspatimantra (29-33, including some prose passages), śukramantra (34-40a), śanimantra (40b-46a), rāhumantra (46b-52a), ketumantra (52b-56a) kārtavīryamantra (56b-61а).
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक) or “mars” refers to one of the “planetary deities” (graha) whose iconographic details are discsussed in chapter 26 of the Ādikāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣasaṃhitā: a large Pāñcarātra Āgama consisting of roughly 6500 verses dealing primarily with architecture, temple-building and consecration rituals and iconography.—Description of the chapter [graha-pratimā-lakṣaṇa]: The nine personified planets are here treated iconographically: [e.g., Aṅgāraka (Mars) (8b-12a)] [...].
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Apam Napat: Indian MythologyAngaraka (Mars) is one of the Navagrahas. He is also called Mangal or Kuja. He is a planet of martial aspect, and the equivalent of Mars in Roman Mythology or Ares in Greek. He is red colored and is said to be a descendant of Bharadwaja.
According to the Padma Purana, once a drop of perspiration from Lord Vishnu's brow fell on the earth, and from it sprang a red colored child, who was called Lohitaanga, for his red color. Lohitaanga performed many penances and won a boon from Brahma to become one of the Navagrahas, with the name of Angaraka.
He is also sometimes equated to Skanda, the commander of the Deva army. His vehicle is the goat. Tuesday is his sacred day, red his favorite color.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismAṅgāraka (अङ्गारक) refers to one of the various Grahas and Mahāgrahas mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Aṅgāraka).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryAṅgāraka.—cf. a-carm-āṅgāraka (IE 8-5; EI 15); charcoal for cooking, which the villagers were obliged to supply to the king or landlord on occasions or to the touring officers. Note: aṅgāraka is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
See also (synonyms): Aṅgāra.
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Aṅgaraka.—(SII 11-1), corruption of Aṅgarakṣa (q. v.). Note: aṅgaraka is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Angaraka in India is the name of a plant defined with Eclipta alba in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Bellis ramosa Jacq. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Flora van Nederlandsch Indië (1856)
· Revisio Generum Plantarum (1891)
· Madroño (1978)
· Missouri Botanical Garden Report (1893)
· New Flora and Botany of North America (1836)
· Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (1981)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Angaraka, for example health benefits, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, side effects, chemical composition, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryAṅgāraka, (adj.) (cp. Sk. aṅgaraka) like charcoal, of red colour, N. of the planet Mars DA.I, 95; cp. J.I, 73. (Page 7)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryaṅgāraka (अंगारक).—m S The planet Mars.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryAṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—[aṅgāra svārthe kan]
1) Charcoal.
2) Mars; °विरुद्धस्य प्रक्षीणस्य बृहस्पतेः (viruddhasya prakṣīṇasya bṛhaspateḥ) Mṛcchakaṭika 9.33; °चारः (cāraḥ) course of Mars, See chapter 6 of Bṛhat Saṃhitā.
3) Tuesday (°dinam, °vāsaraḥ).
4) Name of a prince of Sauvīra.
5) Name of two plants कुरण्टक (kuraṇṭaka) and भृङ्गराज (bhṛṅgarāja), Eclipta (or Verbesina) Prostrata (Mar. mākā) and white or yellow Amaranth (Mar. korāṃṭī).
-kam [alpārthe kan]
1) A small spark.
2) A medicated oil in which turmeric, Dūrvā, Mañji- ṣṭhā and other substances have been boiled.
Derivable forms: aṅgārakaḥ (अङ्गारकः), aṅgārakam (अङ्गारकम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryAṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—m.
(-kaḥ) 1 The planet Mars. 2. Charcoal, burning or extinguished. 3. Yellow or white amaranth. See kuruṇṭaka 4. Another plant, (Eclipta or Verbesina prostrata.) See bhṛṅgarāja. n.
(-kaṃ) A medicated oil, prepared by boiling turmeric and various vegetable substances in common oil. E. aṅgāra and kan affix; resembling a during brand.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryAṅgāraka (अङ्गारक).—[aṅgāra + ka], m. 1. The planet Mars. 2. The name of a king.
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Āṅgāraka (आङ्गारक).—i. e. aṅgāra + ka, n. A multitude of firebrands, [Pañcatantra] iii. [distich] 166.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक):—[from aṅgāra] m. charcoal
2) [v.s. ...] heated charcoal
3) [v.s. ...] the planet Mars
4) [v.s. ...] Tuesday
5) [v.s. ...] Name of a prince of Sauvīra
6) [v.s. ...] of a Rudra
7) [v.s. ...] of an Asura, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
8) [v.s. ...] Name of two plants, Eclipta (or Verbesina) Prostrata, and white or yellow Amaranth
9) [v.s. ...] n. a medicated oil in which turmeric and other vegetable substances have been boiled.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English DictionaryAṅgāraka (अङ्गारक):—I. m.
(-kaḥ) 1) Charcoal, burning or extinguished.
2) The planet Mars.
3) A proper name: [a.]) of a prince of Sauvīra. [b.]) of a Rudra, one of the children of Kāśyapa by Surabhi.
4) Yellow or white amaranth. See kuruṇṭhaka.
5) Another plant (Eclipta or Verbesina prostrata). See bhṛṅgarāja. Ii. n.
(-kam) A medicated oil, prepared by boiling turmeric and various vegetable substances in common oil. E. aṅgāra, taddh. aff. kan.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryAṅgāraka (अङ्गारक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. charcoal; Mars. n. Kind of oil.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Aṅgāraka (अङ्गारक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Aṃgāraga, Aṃgāraya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusAṃgāraka (ಅಂಗಾರಕ):—
1) [noun] burning coal.
2) [noun] the planet next after the earth in the order of distance from the sun; the Mars.
3) [noun] (myth.) the deity presiding over the planet Mars, one of such nine deities supposed to be influencing the human and terrestrial affairs.
4) [noun] a black sectarian mark on the forehead, made from coal or soot.
5) [noun] the plant Edipta prostata.
6) [noun] the plant Withonia somnifera of Solanaceae family.
7) [noun] the plant, Murraya paniculata (=M. exotica) of Rutaceae family.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+4): Amgarakara, Amgarakattu, Angarakacara, Angarakacaturthi, Angarakachara, Angarakadi, Angarakadina, Angarakakarmanta, Angarakalakshana, Angarakamani, Angarakamantra, Angarakammakara, Angarakapalla, Angarakapratima, Angarakaraka, Angarakarin, Angarakarkati, Angarakarmanta, Angarakastotra, Angarakasu.
Ends with: A-carm-angaraka, Krittikangaraka, Lohangaraka, Nangaraka, Sangaraka.
Full-text (+28): Angarakamani, Angarakadina, Angarakita, Angarakavara, Angaravati, Sangaraka, Angara, Angarakayantra, A-carm-angaraka, Angarakastotra, Angarakalakshana, Angarakakarmanta, Angarakadi, Angarakapratima, Angarakacara, Angarakamantra, Navagraha, Amgaraya, Angareshvara, Angaraga.
Relevant text
Search found 36 books and stories containing Angaraka, Amgaraka, Aṃgāraka, Aṅgāraka, Aṅgārakā, Aṅgaraka, Āṅgāraka; (plurals include: Angarakas, Amgarakas, Aṃgārakas, Aṅgārakas, Aṅgārakās, Aṅgarakas, Āṅgārakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rudra-Shiva concept (Study) (by Maumita Bhattacharjee)
42. Number of Rudra < [Chapter 5 - Rudra-Śiva in the Purāṇic Literature]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 8: Marriage with Vidyādharī Śyāmā < [Chapter II - Marriages of Vasudeva with maidens]
Part 23: Marriage with Ratnavatī < [Chapter II - Marriages of Vasudeva with maidens]
Part 9: Marriage with Gandharvaṣenā, daughter of Cārudatta < [Chapter II - Marriages of Vasudeva with maidens]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 115 - The Greatness of Aṅgāraka Tīrtha < [Section 3 - Revā-khaṇḍa]
Chapter 148 - The Greatness of Maṅgaleśvara (maṅgala-īśvara-tīrtha) < [Section 3 - Revā-khaṇḍa]
Chapter 43 - Aṅgāreśvara (aṅgāra-īśvara-liṅga) < [Section 2 - Caturaśīti-liṅga-māhātmya]
Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 24 - The vow (vrata) of Aṅgāraka Caturthī < [Section 1 - Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa (section on creation)]
Chapter 11 - A list of sacred places (tīrtha) < [Section 1 - Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa (section on creation)]
Chapter 12 - The dynasty of Yadu < [Section 1 - Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa (section on creation)]
Matsya Purana (critical study) (by Kushal Kalita)
Part 4.4 - List of other Vratas described in the Matsyapurāṇa < [Chapter 4 - Religious aspects of the Matsyapurāṇa]
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