Akshepa, Ākṣepa: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Akshepa means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Ākṣepa can be transliterated into English as Aksepa or Akshepa, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Akshep.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप, “convulsion”) is a Sanskrit word referring to “songs to indicate unexpected or interposed happening”. It is one of the five kinds of dhruvā (a type of song according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप).—A zig-zag motion of the organs caused by the air; see आक्षिप्त (ākṣipta) above.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Kavyashastra (science of poetry)
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप) refers to one of the 93 alaṃkāras (“figures of speech”) mentioned by Cirañjīva Bhaṭṭācārya (fl. 17th century) in his Kāvyavilāsa and is listed as one of the 89 arthālaṃkāras (figure of speech determined by the sense, as opposed to sound).—Ālaṃkārikas have expressed different views regarding the figure ākṣepa. Daṇḍin (II/120) has defined it in a very simple manner—“pratiṣedhoktirākṣepaḥ”, Bhāmaha (II/68) and Udbhaṭa (II/1-2) have admitted it. Vāmana treats it in a different way. He defines—“upamānākṣepacākṣepa” (IV.3.27). His example has been cited in the Locana under Dhvanāloka-kārikā (I/13). Ānandavardhana keeps it out of the scope of dhvani. According to Mammaṭa (X/161) and Viśvanātha (X/85) apparent denial is the essence in this ākṣepa.
Jayadeva in his Candrāloka (C.L.V/72) has defined ākṣepa almost in the same manner. He defines—“ākṣepastu prayuktasya pratiṣedho vicāranāt”. This definition occurs verbatim in the Kāvyavilāsa of Cirañjīva—(K.V.II/ P. 34). When any contextual matter turns into a denial after a scrutiny, then it is the figure ākṣepa.
Example of the ākṣepa-alaṃkāra:—
ālokituṃ yāhi saraḥ sarasaṃ khañjanadvayam |
athavā”lokayā’traiva kāntāyā nayanadvayam ||“Either you go to the lake, full of water, for beholding the pair of khañjana bird or watch the pair of eyes of the beloved in this very place”.
Notes: Here at first one is requested to see the pair of khañjana bird in the lake which is full of water, but after a careful consideration it appears that the speaker requests one not to go to the lake for the reason that his purpose may be served by seeing the pair of beautiful eyes of the beloved. So the negation is implied here and it is a case of the figure ākṣepa.
Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप):—Convulsion, Harassing.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shyanika-shastra (the science of Hawking and Hunting)
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप) refers to the “attack (of a hawk)” (with their talons), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the outlines of hawking]: “Saras Cranes and Comnon Cranes attached by a Kuhī excite a fierce emotion, for they are like winged mountains pursuing each other. Falling on the ground, they strike each other with their talons (nakhara-ākṣepa) and make a fierce noise; then changing their position, they strike each other with their beaks in a terrible fight”.
Shyanika-shastra (श्यैनिकशास्त्र, śyainikaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian skill of hawking/falconry (one of the ways of hunting) which were laid down in a systematic manner in various Sanskrit treatises. It also explains the philosophy behind how the pleasures derived from sense-experience could lead the way to liberation.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
ākṣēpa (आक्षेप).—m (S) Drawing (up, towards, after, with, away with): drawing figuratively, attracting, al- luring; also drawn or attracted state. Ex. lagāma hātīṃ asalā mhaṇajē ghōḍyācā pāhijē tēvhāṃ ā0 karā- vayāsa sāmpaḍatō; tyācēṃ citta paramārthākaḍē lāgalēṃ āhē tyāsa viṣayācyā gōṣṭī sāṅgūna tyācē cittācā ā0 karūṃ nakā. 2 Drawing or hanging back; declining or demurring (upon weak pretences); starting and stickling upon difficulties and objections. v dhara. Also looking and waiting for as indispensable; stopping from the absence of (some person or thing considered as absolutely necessary). v ghē, dhara, g. of o. Ex. kōṇhācā ā0 na ghētāṃ svatāṃ phaḍaśā karīna. 3 fig. Drawing after or in its train; carrying along with; importing: also imported, implied, or borne state. Ex. mājhēṃ ṛṇa ghētalēṃsa tēṃ dē hyā vākyānta ṛṇānēṃ vyājācā ā0 hōtō. 4 Objecting to or disallowing (esp. in disputations, the position or some solution of the respondent). Ex. ēvaḍhā ā0 giri- jēcā. 5 A figure in rhetoric, Irony; a fling, sneer, taunt, sarcasm.
ākṣēpa (आक्षेप).—m Drawing (up, after). Declin- ing. Objecting to. Irony.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप).—1 Throwing off, tossing, pulling off, snatching away; अंशुकाक्षेपविलज्जितानाम् (aṃśukākṣepavilajjitānām) Kumārasambhava 1.14; withdrawing; वदनमपहरन्तीं तत्कृताक्षेपमीशः (vadanamapaharantīṃ tatkṛtākṣepamīśaḥ) Kumārasambhava 7.95; movement, shaking; K.13.
2) Reviling, censure, blame, abuse, reproach, defiant censure; इति ब्रह्मोदिताक्षेपैः स्थानादिन्द्रः प्रचालितः (iti brahmoditākṣepaiḥ sthānādindraḥ pracālitaḥ) Bhāgavata 12.6.22. °प्रचण्डतया (pracaṇḍatayā) Uttararāmacarita 5.28; विरुद्धमाक्षेपवचस्तितिक्षितम् (viruddhamākṣepavacastitikṣitam) Kirātārjunīya 14.25; Bhartṛhari 2.69.
3) Drawing together, attraction, diverting; कथारसस्याक्षेपसामर्थ्यम् (kathārasasyākṣepasāmarthyam) K.346,348 power to interest
4) Distraction, allurement; विषयाक्षेपपर्यस्तबुद्धेः (viṣayākṣepaparyastabuddheḥ) Bhartṛhari 3.47,23.
5) Throwing away, giving up.
6) Applying, laying on, putting in or into (as a colour); गोरोचनाक्षेपनितान्तगौरैः (gorocanākṣepanitāntagauraiḥ) Kumārasambhava 7.17.
7) Hinting at, reference to, taking to oneself or assuming as the meaning of another word; स्वसिद्धये पराक्षेपः (svasiddhaye parākṣepaḥ) K. P.2.
8) An inference.
9) A deposit.
1) An objection or doubt.
11) Convulsion, palpitation.
12) Sustaining, as a sound.
13) (In Rhet.) A figure of speech (cf. Greek paralipsis) in which something really intended to be said is apparently suppressed or denied to convey a particular meaning; आक्षेपः स्वयमुक्तस्य प्रतिषेधो विचारणात् । चन्द्रसंदर्शयात्मानमथवास्ति प्रियामुखम् (ākṣepaḥ svayamuktasya pratiṣedho vicāraṇāt | candrasaṃdarśayātmānamathavāsti priyāmukham) || Kuval. For fuller definitions and explanations see K. P.1, S. D.714 and Akṣepaprakaraṇa in R. G.
14) Reach (of an arrow); सोऽयं प्राप्तस्तवाक्षेपम् (so'yaṃ prāptastavākṣepam) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 7.12.6.
Derivable forms: ākṣepaḥ (आक्षेपः).
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप).—m.
(-paḥ) 1. Throw, toss. 2. Abuse, reviling. 3. Censure, blame, reproach. 4. Attraction. 5. A figure in rhetoric, (irony.) E. āṅ, kṣip to throw or send, ghañ aff.
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप).—i. e. ā-kṣip + a, m. 1. Convulsion, [Kumārasaṃbhava, (ed. Stenzler.)] 7, 95. 2. Putting on, Kumāran, 17. 3. Throwing away. 4. Reproach, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 59; blame, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 29.
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप).—[masculine] throwing up, tossing, drawing to one’s self, attraction; applying, laying on; casting off, removing, giving up; hint, allusion; objection; abuse, injury.
1) Ākṣepa (आक्षेप):—[=ā-kṣepa] [from ā-kṣip] m. drawing together, convulsion, palpitation, [Suśruta; Kumāra-sambhava vii, 95; Kādambarī]
2) [v.s. ...] applying, laying (as a colour), [Kumāra-sambhava vii, 17]
3) [v.s. ...] throwing away, giving up, removing, [Kumāra-sambhava i, 14, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] ‘shaking about the hands’ or ‘turning the hand’ (in pronouncing the Svarita), [Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya]
5) [v.s. ...] charming, transporting, [Kādambarī] etc.
6) [v.s. ...] (in rhetoric) pointing to (in [compound]), hinting, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa; Daśarūpa] etc.
7) [v.s. ...] (See also ākṣepopamā below)
8) [v.s. ...] reviling, abuse, harsh speech, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa] etc. (cf. sākṣepam)
9) [v.s. ...] objection (especially to rectify a statement of one’s own), [Suśruta; Kāvyādarśa; Sāhitya-darpaṇa] etc.
10) [v.s. ...] challenge, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
11) [v.s. ...] Name of a man, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप):—[ā-kṣepa] (paḥ) 1. m. Throwing; abuse; attraction; irony.
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप):—(von kṣip mit ā) m.
1) Ansichreissung, Ansichziehung, Zukkung [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 274.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 439.] [Medinīkoṣa Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 15.] tadākṣipatyāśu muhurmuhurdehaṃ muhuścaraḥ . muhurmuhustadākṣepādākṣepaka iti smṛtaḥ [Suśruta 1, 254, 2.] vadanaṃ tatkṛtākṣepam [Kumārasaṃbhava 7, 95.] —
2) Andeutung: mukhyārthasyetarākṣepaḥ the primary meaning’s hinting something else [?(BALLANTYNE) Sāhityadarpana 11, 20.] Vgl. aśvādaya ākṣipyante [12, 3] und ākṣepin . —
3) Anlegung, Auftragung: gorocanākṣepanintāntagaure kapole [Kumārasaṃbhava 7, 17.] —
4) Fortwerfung, Aufgebung, das Fahrenlassen: aṃśukākṣepavilajjitānām aṅganānām [Kumārasaṃbhava 1, 14.] viṣayākṣepaparyastabuddheḥ [Bhartṛhari 3, 29] (paryasta bedeutet hier wohl umgewandelt, umgestimmt, was wir hier wegen des u. 2. as mit pari 3. Gesagten erwähnen). —
5) das Hinausziehen, Aushalten (eines Lautes): āyāmaviśrambhākṣepaista ucyante kṣarāśrayāḥ [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 3, 1.] —
6) Schmähung, Verschmähung, Vorwurf [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 5, 13.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 2, 28. 3, 274.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 272.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] sākṣepam adv. [Pañcatantra 24, 12.] —
7) Zweifel, Ironie [Suśruta 2, 559, 5.] = kāvyālaṃkāra (laṃkṛti) [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa]
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Ākṣepa (आक्षेप):—
2) [Sāhityadarpana 315. 700.] in der Dramatik: garbhabījasamudbhedādākṣepaḥ parikīrtitaḥ [DAŚAR. 1, 38.] garbhabījotpādanādākṣepaḥ [PRATĀPAR. 40,a,3.] ākṣepopamā [Sāhityadarpana 276, 15.] —
4) mudrākṣepa das Abnehmen —, Entfernen des Siegels [Kathāsaritsāgara 102, 134.] —
6) [Spr. 1434.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 10, 55, 17.] brahmoditākṣepaiḥ harte Worte [12, 6, 22.] sākṣepaṃ bhrukuṭīkaṭākṣakuṭilaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ khalānāṃ mukham [2079.] sākṣepamājñaptayā verächtlich [2639.] [Lassen’s Anthologie (II) 90, 5.] ghnantīvaikṣatkaṭākṣepaiḥ so v. a. mit verächtlichen Seitenblicken [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 10, 32, 6.] —
7) lies: in der Rhetorik Einwurf, Einwendung, eine Erklärung, dass man mit Etwas nicht einverstanden sei, insbes. Berichtigung der eigenen Rede: pratiṣedhoktirākṣepaḥ [kāvyādarśa 2, 120.] pratiṣedha iveṣṭasya yo viśeṣābhidhitsayā . tamākṣepaṃ bruvanti [AGNI-Pāṇini’s acht Bücher] beim Schol. zu [kāvyādarśa.2,120.] [Kāvyaprakāśa 157,16. fgg.] [Sāhityadarpana 714.] [KUVALAY. 93,a (114,a).] [PRATĀPAR. 95,b,4.] Vgl. anādarākṣepa, anukrośākṣepa, anujñākṣepa, anuśayākṣepa, arthāntarākṣepa, āśīrvacanākṣepa, upāyākṣepa, kāraṇākṣepa, kāryākṣepa, dharmākṣepa, dharmyākṣepa, paravaśākṣepa, parupākṣepa, prabhutvākṣepa, bhaviṣyadākṣepa, mūrchākṣepa, yatnākṣepa, roṣākṣepa, vartamānākṣepa, vṛttākṣepa, śliṣṭākṣepa, saṃśayākṣepa, sācivyākṣepa, hetvākṣepa . —
8) Herausforderung (zum Streit) [Kathāsaritsāgara 66, 65.]
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप):—m. —
1) das Aufwerfen , Aufreissen (der Erde durch den Pflug) [Indische sprüche 7725.] —
2) Ansichziehung , Zuckung [Kād. (1872) 14,17.] —
3) das Auflegen , Entfernen. (einer Salbe). —
4) das Abwerfen , Ablegen , Entfernen. —
5) Schwenkung (der Hände) [Pañcadaṇḍacchattrabandha 19.] bei der Aussprache des Svarita [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 3,1] ; vgl. [AV.PRĀT.1,16.] —
6) das Hinreissen , Fortreissen , Entzücken (Gen. oder im Comp. vorangehend) [Indische sprüche 5560.] [Kād. (1872)] II , [118,20.121,9.] —
7) Hinweisung auf (im Comp. vorangehend) [216,4.] Andeutung (auch als Bez. eine best. Gleichnisses) [Vāmana’s Kāvyālaṃkāravṛtti 4,3,27.] [Kāvyaprakāśa 10,21.] Vgl. ākṣepopamā. —
8) Schmähung , Beleidigung [Indische sprüche 3379.7725.] —
9) Einwurf , Einwendung , eine Erklärung , dass man mit Etwas nicht einverstanden sei , [Suśruta (rotrh) 2,559,5.] Insbes. Berichtigung der eigenen Rede. —
10) Herausforderung (zum Streit). —
11) Nomen proprium eines Mannes [Wilson's Uebersetzung des Viṣṇupurāṇa ,4,96.]
Akṣepa (अक्षेप) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Akkheva.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप) [Also spelled akshep]:—(nm) allegation; accusation, invective; charge.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Ākṣēpa (ಆಕ್ಷೇಪ):—
1) [noun] the act of throwing; a casting afar.
2) [noun] involuntary and frequent to and fro movement of muscles as from cold, fear, etc.; shivering.
3) [noun] an expressing, in words, of strong disapproval of; censuring; blaming.
4) [noun] uncertainty of opinion; a doubt; suspicion.
5) [noun] an opposition; an objection.
6) [noun] (rhet.) a figure of speech in which something really intended to be said is apparently suppressed or denied to convey a particular meaning; ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಮಾಡು [akshepamadu] ākṣēpamāḍu = ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಿಸು [akshepisu].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Ākṣepa (आक्षेप):—n. 1. accusation; charge; 2. censure; criticism; tirade; 3. implication;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Kshepa, A.
Starts with (+4): Akshepacamatanam, Akshepak, Akshepaka, Akshepakatva, Akshepalamkara, Akshepalankaram, Akshepam, Akshepamgey, Akshepana, Akshepanai, Akshepane, Akshepanem, Akshepani, Akshepaniya, Akshepaniyate, Aksheparha, Aksheparupaka, Akshepasara, Akshepasutra, Akshepatv.
Full-text (+38): Vyakshepa, Aksheparupaka, Hetvakshepa, Bhavishyadakshepa, Roshakshepa, Yatnakshepa, Parushakshepa, Sharakshepa, Upayakshepa, Akshepavalana, Samshayakshepa, Akshepasutra, Prabhutvakshepa, Madyakshepa, Prishthakshepa, Vartamanakshepa, Mukhakshepa, Dharmyakshepa, Sacivyakshepa, Samakshepa.
Relevant text
Search found 50 books and stories containing Akshepa, Ā-kṣepa, A-ksepa, A-kshepa, Ākṣepa, Aksepa, Ākṣēpa, Akṣepa; (plurals include: Akshepas, kṣepas, ksepas, kshepas, Ākṣepas, Aksepas, Ākṣēpas, Akṣepas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.111 [Ākṣepa] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 2.12 < [Chapter 2 - The Natures of Words (śabda)]
Text 10.223 [Pratīpa] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana (by Pratim Bhattacharya)
1-2: The number of Alaṃkāras (poetic figures) mentioned < [Chapter 5 - A Comparative study of the different alaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
26: Definition of Ākṣepa Alaṃkāra < [Chapter 4 - Arthālaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
3: The classification of poetic figures < [Chapter 5 - A Comparative study of the different alaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 690 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 1]
Page 379 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 3]
Page 47 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha of Udbhata (by Narayana Daso Banhatti)
Chapter 2 (dvitiyo vargah) < [Sanskrit text of the Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha]
Index 2: To Introduction and Notes
Chapter 2—Second Varga < [English notes to the Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Appendix 5.2: new and rare words < [Appendices]
Appendix 6.2: new and rare words < [Appendices]
The tenth Mandala of the Rigveda (study) (by Rupsmita Buzarbaruah)
Part 2.4 - Descriptinon and examples of Ākṣepa < [Chapter 5 - A literary study of the tenth Maṇḍala]
Part 2 - Employment of Alaṃkāras—Introduction < [Chapter 5 - A literary study of the tenth Maṇḍala]
Part 4 - Significance of the Tenth Maṇḍala of the Ṛgveda < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]