Akshata, Akṣata: 22 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Shaivism
2. Purana
3. Ganapatya
4. Kavya
5. Jyotisha
6. General definition
India history
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Kannada
See also

Introduction:

Akshata means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Akṣata can be transliterated into English as Aksata or Akshata, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Akshat.

In Hinduism

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva

Akṣata (अक्षत) or Akṣatāgama refers to one of upāgamas (supplementary scriptures) of the Dīptāgama which is one of the twenty-eight Siddhāntāgama: a classification of the Śaiva division of Śaivāgamas. The Śaivāgamas represent the wisdom that has come down from lord Śiva, received by Pārvatī and accepted by Viṣṇu. The purpose of revealing upāgamas (e.g., Akṣata Āgama) is to explain more elaborately than that of mūlāgamas (e.g., Dīpta-āgama) and to include any new idea if not dealt in mūlāgamas.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Akṣata (अक्षत) or Akṣatasamarpaṇa refers to the “offering of raw rice grains” and is mentioned in the Śivapurāṇa 1.20, while explaining the mode of worshipping an earthen phallic image (pārthiva-liṅga) according to the Vedic rites:—“[...] the intelligent devotee shall offer scents (gandha) devoutly with the mantra ‘Namaḥ Śvabhyaḥ’ etc. He shall offer akṣatas (raw rice grains) with the mantra ‘Namastakṣabhyaḥ’ etc.”.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Ganapatya (worship of Ganesha)

Source: Google Books: Ganapati: Song of the Self

Akṣata (अक्षत) refers to “unbroken rice”, representing one of the possible preliminary rites (upacāra) of a pūjā (deity worship).—Each act in a pūjā is not only physical and/or mental, but also symbolic, cosmic, and spiritual. Sprinkling, sipping, and bathing are symbolic of purification, of the worshipped as well as of the worshipper and the surroundings. Various offerings [viz., akṣata] symbolize the surrendering of one’s latent tendencies (vāsanā) as expressed in thoughts, words, and deeds.

context information

Ganapatya (गाणपत्य, gāṇapatya) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Ganesha is revered and worshipped as the prime deity (ishta-devata). Being a minor though influential movement, Ganapatya evovled, llike Shaktism and Shaivism, as a separate movement leaving behind a large body of literature.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: OpenEdition books: Vividhatīrthakalpaḥ (Kāvya)

Akṣata (अक्षत) in Sanskrit (or Akkhaya in Prakrit) refers to “unhusked rice”, as is mentioned in the Vividhatīrthakalpa by Jinaprabhasūri (13th century A.D.): an ancient text devoted to various Jaina holy places (tīrthas).

context information

Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Akṣata (अक्षत) refers to “colored rice”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 12), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “[...] I will now speak of the rules of the arghya (offering) to be presented to Agastya as stated by the Ṛṣis. [...] When the darkness of the night should just begin to be broken by streaks of red light from the eastern horizon, princes, previously prepared for the purpose, ought to offer their arghya to Agastya by pouring it on the Earth in the direction of the star Canopus rising in the south-east as will be pointed out by the astronomer. The offering to be made by princes in honor of Agastya shall consist of the fragrant flowers of the season, of fruits, of precious stones, of gold cloths, of cows, of bulls, of well-cooked rice, of sweet-meats, of curdled milk, of colored rice [i.e., akṣata], of perfumed smoke and fragrant paste”.

Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)

Akṣata (अक्षत) refers to “coloured rice”, according to the Nāradasaṃhitā verse 29.86-95 (pp. 181-184), a Sanskrit work on astrology having the Saralā commentary by Vasatirāma Śarmā.—Accordingly, “[...] In an auspicious copper basin, or in a clay basin that has been filled with water, having decorated it with effort by means of sandal paste, flowers and coloured rice [i.e., gandha-puṣpa-akṣata], the basin which is placed upon grains of rice, to which a gold piece is added and which is covered by a pair of clothes, one should place the bowl after having seen the rise of half of the Sun’s orb. [...]”.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: ACHC: Smarta Puja

Akṣata (अक्षत) refers to “offering unbroken rice”, representing one of the various services (upacāra) of a pūjā (ritualistic worship of a deity) which aim at the purification of the devotee.—Unbroken and uncooked rice (akṣata)—which is often kept in a special dish (Mar. akṣatapātra)’is offered as a substitute for an offering of ornaments. [...] The offering is made to male deities as well. Unbroken grains are commonly used in rituals. They mainly serve as substitute for materials which are not to hand; or they may be thrown at the icon (cf. mantrapuṣpañjali) or at human beings (e.g. in the current marriage ceremony), thus signifying auspiciousness and prosperity.

The term akṣata originally seems to refer to an unhusked “living”, whole grain of a kind of barley or rice containing the new seed. In the current practice unbroken (akṣata), i.e. undamaged but husked , polished rice grains are used, colored red with kunkuma powder or yellow with turmeric.

India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Akṣatā.—(IA 11), probably, rice grains mixed with red powder. Note: akṣatā is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

akṣata (अक्षत).—f (S) Rice as consecrated, or as taken to be consecrated, through the recitation over it of mystic formulae. It is thrown, on festive occasions, over the heads, or stuck on the foreheads, or placed on the hands, of persons whom it is designed to honor or to bless. It is stuck on the forehead of idols; sent around in token of invitation on occasions of marriage &c. &c. 2 The sectarial circlet on the forehead in the centre of the stripe, and of a color different from it. It is made with or without grains of rice. 3 The pigment used for this purpose. 4 Applied sometimes to rice. gen. a0 kāḍhaṇēṃ (or phiraviṇēṃ) To carry out (or to carry around) the consecrated rice on the business of invitation. And a0 nighaṇēṃ (or phiraṇēṃ) To proceed out (or to be in circulation) on this business--the rice. This occasion often involves a ceremonious procession and much display, termed akṣatēcā samārambha. a0 ṭākaṇēṃ To throw grains of rice (over a house &c.), and then listen to what the people therein are talking about. A mode of divining. (-dēvāvara) To dismiss the numen or divinity summoned for an occasion. a0 dēṇēṃ To invite (to an entertainment &c.) by giving on the hand a few grains of rice: and a0 ghēṇēṃ is to accept an invitation so signified. a0 (or akṣatā) paḍaṇēṃ (ḍōkyāvara g of o.) To be a subject of a wedding: (tōṇḍāvara g. of o. From the figure of casting akṣata upon an object to bring divinity into it.) To be powerful or lawless of speech. Ironically. a0 lāvaṇēṃ or dēṇēṃ (gharāsa or gharādārāsa, culīsa &c.) To invite to an entertainment a whole household, (vēśīsa) a whole village. a0 lāvaṇēṃ To predict. 2 To bind or engage one's self. a0 vāhaṇēṃ To offer rice (to an idol). yā yā mājhyā kapāḷacyā akṣatā pāhā Said reprovingly to one who is calling another without reason. varatēṃ akṣatā madhyēṃ gōpīcandana khālīṃ rakṣā (or aṅgārā) Raw grains of rice on the top; in the middle, grains soft as gōpīcandana; at the bottom, grains burned to ashes. A jocose and punning description of very badly boiled rice. For varatēṃ akṣa- tā &c., whilst it graphically describes spoiled rice, is also a description of the vertical mark on the forehead of the followers of viṣṇu. See vaiṣṇavī bhāta.

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akṣata (अक्षत).—a S Uninjured or unimpaired; sound, whole, good. 2 Unknown by her husband; intemerata marito. This is the first of the three punarbhū q.v.

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akṣatā (अक्षता).—f See akṣata Sig. II. & III. and, as f pl, I.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

akṣata (अक्षत).—a Uninjured. f Consecrated rice.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Akṣata (अक्षत).—a. [na. ta.] (a) Uninjured, unhurt; त्वमनङ्गः कथमक्षता रतिः (tvamanaṅgaḥ kathamakṣatā ratiḥ) Ku.4.9; °विग्रहा वाहाः (vigrahā vāhāḥ) Dk.3; पञ्चाक्षतास्ते वयं (pañcākṣatāste vayaṃ) Ve.6.45.4.4; Mu.6.8; R.2.56; (b) Unbroken, whole; not crushed, undivided; मम नासिकामक्षतां कुर्वन्तु (mama nāsikāmakṣatāṃ kurvantu) Pt.1, °सक्तूनां नवं कलशं पूरयित्वा (saktūnāṃ navaṃ kalaśaṃ pūrayitvā) Āśvalāyana.

-taḥ 1 Śiva.

2) Thrashed and winnowed rice dried in the sun; (pl.) whole grain, entire unhusked and pounded rice washed with water, and used as an article of worship in all religious and sacred ceremonies; अक्षताः पान्तु पान्त्वक्षता इति श्राद्धमन्त्रः (akṣatāḥ pāntu pāntvakṣatā iti śrāddhamantraḥ); अक्ष- तैर्नार्चयोद्विष्णुं न तुलस्या विनायकम् इति तन्त्रम् (akṣa- tairnārcayodviṣṇuṃ na tulasyā vināyakam iti tantram); साक्षतपात्रहस्ता (sākṣatapātrahastā) R.2.21; आर्द्राक्षतारोपणमन्वभूतां (ārdrākṣatāropaṇamanvabhūtāṃ) 7.28.

3) Barley (yavāḥ); अक्षताश्च यवाः प्रोक्ताः (akṣatāśca yavāḥ proktāḥ) sometimes neuter also (dūrvākṣatāni).

-tam 1 Corn, grain of any kind.

2) Absence of loss or ruin; good, wellbeing; अक्षतं चारिष्टं चास्तु इति श्राद्धमन्त्रः (akṣataṃ cāriṣṭaṃ cāstu iti śrāddhamantraḥ).

3) Eunuch (also m.).

-tā 1 a virgin, a maiden not deflowered, blemished or enjoyed; अक्षता वा क्षता वापि (akṣatā vā kṣatā vāpi).

2) Name of a plant कर्कटशृङ्गी (karkaṭaśṛṅgī) (Mar. kākaḍaśiṃgī).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Akṣata (अक्षत).—n.

(-taṃ) 1. Fried grain, (in this sense it is also used in the mas. plu.

(-tāḥ) 2. A eunuch. 3. Whole grain. f.

(-tā) A plant, named also Kankara Sringi. mfn.

(-ta-tā-taḥ) 1. Uninjured, unhurt. 2. Whole, unbroken. E. a neg. and kṣata torn, broken &c.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Akṣata (अक्षत).—[adjective] unhurt, unbroken, unhusked (grain).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Akṣata (अक्षत):—[=a-kṣata] mfn. not crushed

2) [v.s. ...] uninjured, unbroken, whole

3) [v.s. ...] (also) unthrashed, [Gobhila-śrāddha-kalpa]

4) [v.s. ...] m. Śiva, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) [v.s. ...] mn. a eunuch, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) Akṣatā (अक्षता):—[=a-kṣatā] [from a-kṣata] f. a virgin, [Yājñavalkya]

7) [v.s. ...] Name of a plant, Karkaṭaśriṅgī or Kaṅkaḍaśriṅgī

8) Akṣata (अक्षत):—[=a-kṣata] n. and m. [plural] unhusked barley-corns

9) [v.s. ...] n. Name of the descendants of Surabhi, [Harivaṃśa]

10) [v.s. ...] m. n. (also) a boil or sore not produced by cutting, [Kauśika-sūtra]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Akṣata (अक्षत):—[tatpurusha compound] I. m. f. n.

(-taḥ-tā-tam) 1) Uninjured, unhurt.

2) Unbroken, whole. Ii.

1) m.

(-taḥ) A name of Śiva.

2) m. n.

(-taḥ-tam) A eunuch. Iii. f.

(-tā) 1) A virgin.

2) A plant, named also Karkaṭaśṛṅgī or Kaṅkaḍaśṛṅgī. Iv. n. and m. pl.

(-tam and -tāḥ) 1) Fried grian.

2) Whole grain. m.

(-taḥ) 1) Rice after thrashing and winnowing dried in the sun.

2) Barley. E. a neg. and kṣata.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Akṣata (अक्षत):—[a-kṣata] (taṃ) 1. n. Fried grain; f. (tā) a plant; a. Uninjured.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Akṣata (अक्षत) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Akkhaya, Akkhua.

[Sanskrit to German]

Akshata in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Akṣata (अक्षत) [Also spelled akshat]:—(a) unimpaired, intact; (nm) whole grain of rice; ~[tā] virginity; the state of being unimpaired; ~[yoni] a virgin; ~[vīrya] having unimpaired virility; a celebate.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Akṣata (ಅಕ್ಷತ):—

1) [adjective] not injured; unhurt.

2) [adjective] unbroken; whole; not divided.

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Akṣata (ಅಕ್ಷತ):—

1) [noun] an unbroken grain of rice.

2) [noun] (pl.) whole grains of soaked rice mixed with turmeric used in religious ceremonies and for formally blessing.

3) [noun] a sectarian mark, on the forehead, made of turmeric and dried skin of banana.

4) [noun] sandalwood paste (also used for sectarian mark on the forehead).

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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