Akrama: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Akrama means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Akrama (अक्रम, “trans-sequential”).—The word krama may be employed in two different ways e.g., the relative as well as the absolute. As a relative expression it calls for its counter-entity (pratiyogin) in akrama (trans-sequential) and signifies a particular phenomenon of our experience. In the phenomenal realm when the different operations of our cognitive apparatus and psychoses are directed to the grasp of external multiplicity, the whole situation is reckoned as krama. Likewise, when the phenomenal level is transcended by diverting the same mechanism towards the trans-phenomenal, non-dual, undifferentiated reality, everything is automatically realized in its essentially trans-sequential character. This phenomenon is designated as akrama.
On the other hand, as an absolute expression the word krama stands for the same ‘akrama’ reality which remains always continuous, eternally potential, self-subsistent immediate and indeterminate. It is this reality that constitutes the supreme ideal of the krama doctrine and marks the terminus of the entire spiritual adventure advocated by the system.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Kavya (poetry)
Ākrama (आक्रम) is the name of a Vidyādhara who fought on Śrutaśarman’s side in the war against Sūryaprabha, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 48. Accordingly: “... when Śrutaśarman saw that, he quickly sent other ten lords of the Vidyādharas, chiefs of lords of hosts or lords of hosts of warriors,... and Ākrama [and seven others], the eight similar sons of the Vasus born in the house of Makaranda”.
The story of Ākrama was narrated by the Vidyādhara king Vajraprabha to prince Naravāhanadatta in order to relate how “Sūryaprabha, being a man, obtain of old time the sovereignty over the Vidyādharas”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Ākrama, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
1) Akrama (अक्रम) refers to “non-sequential”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.—Accordingly, “(The goddess) is the emanation (sṛṣti) of all the elements (bhūta). She creates the universe. [...] By rotating clockwise (sūryāvarta) she is the Full (Moon) and, (rotating) anticlockwise (vāmāvartā), the New Moon. Transcending (both) Sun and Moon, she is called Śāmbhavī (Śiva's power). That power (when) Full (pūrṇā) bestows worldly enjoyment; (as the) New Moon, accomplishment and liberation. And, (that power) which give worldly enjoyment and liberation, established in the non-sequential (akrama) (transcendent), withdraws (all things)”
2) Akrama (अक्रम) refers to the “improper way (of giving initiation)”, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “[...] When [the teacher] is satisfied, he initiates the disciple and so his fetters are destroyed. He is awakened if he takes that (initiation) in the proper way. However, if (the teacher) gives (him initiation) in an improper way (akrama) and (the disciple) takes (it), both are certainly bound by the fetters born of Kula”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
akrama (अक्रम).—m S Want of order or arrangement, disorder.
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ākrama (आक्रम).—m S Ascending, surmounting. 2 Ascent or advancement beyond; surpassing, superiority, preëminence.
akrama (अक्रम).—m Confusion; disorder.
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ākrama (आक्रम).—m Ascending. Superiority.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Akrama (अक्रम).—a. [nāsti kramaḥ pādaḥ kramaṇaṃ vā yassa]
1) Devoid of order, confused.
2) Without the power of going or moving (pādaśūnya, ākramaṇaśūnya)
-maḥ 1 Want of order, confusion, irregularity (kramābhāvaḥ); एह्येहि पुत्र, अयमक्रमः (ehyehi putra, ayamakramaḥ) Pañc.1.
2) Absence of motion or movement.
3) Breach of propriety or decorum; कमक्रमं कर्तुमभूदपेक्षा वैलक्ष्यभाजां न महीपतीनाम् (kamakramaṃ kartumabhūdapekṣā vailakṣyabhājāṃ na mahīpatīnām) Vikr. 1.3; कन्यान्तःपुरमक्रमात् प्रविशता (kanyāntaḥpuramakramāt praviśatā) Mv.2.5 indecently, immodestly; वलीमुखचक्रमक्रममुच्चलितं (valīmukhacakramakramamuccalitaṃ) Mv.6. in disorder.
4) Name of a concept in kashmir Śaivism.
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Ākrama (आक्रम).—1 Coming near, approching.
2) Falling upon, attacking; an attack; हरिराक्रमणेन संनतिं किल बिभ्रीत भियेत्यसंभवः (harirākramaṇena saṃnatiṃ kila bibhrīta bhiyetyasaṃbhavaḥ) Śiśupālavadha 16.34.
3) Seizing, taking, covering, occupying.
4) Overcoming; obtaining. Vāj.15.9.
5) Spreading or going over, surpassing.
6) Mounting overloading. Bhāgavata 7.5.44.
7) Might, valour.
8) Possession of learning &c.
9) Food.
1) A step for ascending; केनाक्रमेण यजमानः स्वर्गं लोकमाक्रमते (kenākrameṇa yajamānaḥ svargaṃ lokamākramate) Bṛ. Up.3.1.6.
Derivable forms: ākramaḥ (आक्रमः).
See also (synonyms): ākrmaṇa.
Akrama (अक्रम).—m. (maḥ) Want of order or arrangement, confusion, irregularity. E. a priv. and krama order.
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Ākrama (आक्रम).—m.
(-maḥ) 1. Going over or beyond. 2. Surpassing. 3. Spreading over or upon. 4. Overleading. 5. Attaining, overcoming, obtaining. 6. Invading, attacking, falling upon. 7. Might, valour. E. āṅ before krama to go, to mount, ascend, surpass, &c. affix ac.
Ākrama (आक्रम).—[ā-kram + a], m. Beginning, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 25, 64.
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Akrama (अक्रम).—m. an unsuitable method, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 1, 28.
Akrama is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms a and krama (क्रम).
Akrama (अक्रम).—[masculine] want of order; °— confusedly.
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Ākrama (आक्रम).—[masculine] approach, attack.
1) Akrama (अक्रम):—[=a-krama] mfn. not happening successively, happening at once, [Yoga-sūtra]
2) [v.s. ...] m. want of order, confusion.
3) Ākrama (आक्रम):—[=ā-krama] [from ā-kram] m. approaching, attaining, obtaining, overcoming, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā xv, 9; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa xiv] (cf. dur-ākr.)
Akrama (अक्रम):—I. [tatpurusha compound] m.
(-maḥ) Want of order or arrangement, confusion, irregularity. E. a neg. and krama. Ii. [bahuvrihi compound] m. f. n.
(-maḥ-mā-mam) Out of order, irregular. E. a priv. and krama.
1) Akrama (अक्रम):—[a-krama] (maḥ) 1. m. Confusion of order.
2) Ākrama (आक्रम):—[ā-krama] (maḥ) 1. m. Going over; ascending; surpassing; attacking.
Akrama (अक्रम):—(3. a + krama) m. Unordnung, Verwirrung [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1511.] = vyatikramaḥ akramācchephaso vṛddhiṃ yo bhivāñchati mūḍhadhīḥ [Mādhavakāra im Śabdakalpadruma]
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Ākrama (आक्रम):—(von kram mit ā) m. Anschritt, Aufstieg, Angriff [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1511.] [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 15, 9.] kenākrameṇa yajamānaḥ svargaṃ lokamākramate [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 14, 6, 1, 7. 7, 1, 10] [?= Bṛhadāranyakopaniṣad 3, 1, 6. 4, 3, 9. 4, 3.] durākrama schwer anzugreifen [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 23, 16.] āgraha = ākrama [Medinīkoṣa Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 13.]
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Akrama (अक्रम):—adj. nicht allmählich —, mit einem Male erfolgend [Oxforder Handschriften 232, 11. 16.]
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Ākrama (आक्रम):—s. kathākrama .
Akrama (अक्रम):—1. m. gestörte Ordnung , Ungehörigkeit , Verkehrtheit [Indische sprüche 1103.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4,16,7.] akramāt gegen alle Ordnung , widernatürlich.
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Akrama (अक्रम):—2. Adj. nicht allmählich — , mit einem Male erfolgend.
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Ākrama (आक्रम):—m. Anschritt , Aufstieg , Angriff.
Akrama (अक्रम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Akama, Akkama.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Akrama (अक्रम) [Also spelled akram]:—(a) disorderly, chaotic.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Akrama (ಅಕ್ರಮ):—
1) [adjective] contrary to established order; not conforming to the order in vogue; irregular; improper.
2) [adjective] violating the law; illegal; illicit.
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Akrama (ಅಕ್ರಮ):—
1) [noun] in literary composition, a kind of fault of not maintaining the order started with.
2) [noun] one of the sub-sects in the caste the members of which are engaged in agriculture.
3) [noun] a man belonging to that sect.
4) [noun] a wrong act (morally, socially or legally); irregularity; an illegal act; malpractice.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Akrama (अक्रम):—adj. disordered; having no sequence;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Krama, A.
Starts with (+7): Akramajna, Akramak, Akramaka, Akramala, Akramam, Akraman, Akramana, Akramanadhvani, Akramanakara, Akramanakari, Akramanashila, Akramanashilate, Akramanashile, Akramanata, Akramane, Akramanem, Akramanirbamdha, Akramanirodha, Akramaniya, Akramapravesha.
Full-text (+12): Durakrama, Kathakrama, Akramam, Kramakrama, Akramashas, Akram, Bahukrama, Agraha, Akkama, Madhavakara, Akranti, Akama, Akramastha, Parakrama, Akramajna, Akkiramam, Kramasamhitodaharana, Krama, Dvikrama, Akramatishayokti.
Relevant text
Search found 28 books and stories containing Akrama, A-krama, Ā-krama, Ākrama; (plurals include: Akramas, kramas, Ākramas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 24 [Kāli the Kinetic and Śivakāla the Potential] < [Chapter 2 - Second Vimarśa]
Verse 151 [Sṛṣṭilakṣaṇā in Sakrama] < [Chapter 3 - Third Vimarśa]
Verse 301 [Śakti shines in Krama but she rests always in Akrama] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.82 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 7.52 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 4.6 < [Chapter 4 - First-rate Poetry]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 32 < [Kannada-English-Malayalam (1 volume)]
Page 31 < [Malayalam-English-Kannada (1 volume)]
Page 61 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 1]
Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra) (by Rama Prasada)
Sūtra 3.53 < [Book 3 - Attainment (Vibhūti or Siddhi)]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari (by K. A. Subramania Iyer)
Verse 1.48 < [Book 1 - Brahma-kāṇḍa (or Āgama-samuccaya)]