Agaru: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Agaru means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexAgaru (अगरु).—The forest in the Kuru country between the two mountains Candrakānta and Sūryakānta.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 45. 31.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaAgaru (अगरु) refers to “aloe wood” and is mentioned as one of the fragrant substances used in the treatment of aggravated phlegm, according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Procedure to alleviate kapha (phlegm) after meals: The excess phlegm in the human body can lead to the weakening of digestive fire. Sleeping immediately after the meal will result in the aggravation of phlegm. The excess phlegm must be alleviated by employing fumes of the fragrant substances [such as agaru (aloe wood), ...]. After a meal, one must walk a few steps. Practising this lightens the food mass and imparts comfort in the neck, knees and loins. The excess phlegm can also be alleviated by savoring betel leaves along with fragrant substances
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaAgaru (अगरु) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning agaru] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsAgaru (अगरु) refers to “aloe” (perfume), according to the 13th-century Matsyendrasaṃhitā: a Kubjikā-Tripurā oriented Tantric Yoga text of the Ṣaḍanvayaśāmbhava tradition from South India.—Accordingly, “[Visualisation of Parameśvara]:—[...] His heart is agitated with sexual desire. His lotus face displays a faint smile. This is how the Yogin should visualise his body for a long time, as transformed into Śiva. All his limbs are perfumed with sandal, aloe (agaru), camphor, musk and saffron. He has a beautiful face. He is surrounded by millions of gem islands, in a chamber on a fine bed”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraAgaru (अगरु) refers to “Agallochum” (Amyris agallocha), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 16) (“On the planets—graha-bhaktiyoga”), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “[...] Venus also presides over simple silk, coloured silk, wollen cloth, white silk, Rodhra, Patra, Coca, nutmeg, Agaru, Vacā, Pippalī and sandal”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgricultureAgaru (अगरु) refers to “Agallochum” or Amyris agallocha (suitable for an offering ceremony), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly [as the Bhagavān taught the detailed offering-manual], “[...] Four Nāga kings should be prepared in the middle of the ditch. [...] Decorations should be made with ribbons and banners. Worship should be performed. One should perfume agaru, sandal and olibanum, and combine tagara, nalada, kunduruka, liquor, parched grain, mustard seed and sarja-resin with honey. It should be enchanted with the mantra twenty-one times and incense should be offered for the Nāgas. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
India history and geography
Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)Agaru (अगरु) refers to one of the various shops or “market places” (Sanskrit: Haṭṭa, Prakrit: Cauhaṭṭa) for a medieval town in ancient India, which were vividly depicted in Kathās (narrative poems), for example, by Uddyotanasūri in his 8th-century Kuvalayamālā.—The Kuvalayamala (779 A.D.) is full of cultural material which gains in value because of the firm date of its composition. [...] In the Kuvalayamālā, some names of shops according to articles displayed in them is given, [i.e., agaru] [...] Thus Uddyotana has in his view a complete form of a medieval market place with the number of lines full of different commodities.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsAgaru [ಅಗರು] in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. from the Thymelaeaceae (Daphne) family having the following synonyms: Aquilaria moluccensis, Aquilaria secundaria, Aquilaria agallochum. For the possible medicinal usage of agaru, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
Agaru [अगरु, अगरुः] in the Sanskrit language, ibid. previous identification.
Agaru in the Sanskrit language is the name of a plant identified with Excoecaria agallocha L. from the Euphorbiaceae (Castor) family.
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Agaru in India is the name of a plant defined with Aquilaria agallocha in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Aloexylum agallochum Lour. (among others).
2) Agaru is also identified with Commiphora agallocha It has the synonym Balsamodendrum agallocha Wight & Arn..
3) Agaru is also identified with Commiphora wightii It has the synonym Balsamodendron mukul Hook. ex Stocks (etc.).
4) Agaru is also identified with Dalbergia sissoo It has the synonym Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (etc.).
5) Agaru is also identified with Dysoxylum malabaricum.
6) Agaru is also identified with Pterocarpus santalinus It has the synonym Lingoum santalinum (L.f.) Kuntze (etc.).
7) Agaru is also identified with Triadica sebifera It has the synonym Seborium chinense Raf. (etc.).
8) Agaru in Philippines is also identified with Dysoxylum decandrum It has the synonym Dysoxylum decandrum Merr..
9) Agaru in Tibetan is also identified with Aquilaria malaccensis It has the synonym Agallochum malaccense (Lam.) Kuntze (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (1982)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1997)
· Pharmaceutical Biology (2007)
· Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique (1783)
· Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (1825)
· Bureau of Government Laboratories (Philippines) (1905)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Agaru, for example pregnancy safety, health benefits, diet and recipes, chemical composition, extract dosage, side effects, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryagaru : (adj.) not heavy; not troublesome. (m.), aloe wood.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryAgaru, (adj.) (cp. Sk. aguru, a + garu) (a) not heavy, not troublesome, only in phrase: sace te agaru “if it does not inconvenience you, if you don’t mind” (cp. BSk. yadi te aguru. Av. S.I, 94, 229; II, 90) Vin. I.25; IV, 17, D.I, 51; DhA.I, 39. — (b) disrespectful, irreverent (against = Gen.) D.I, 89; Sn.p. 51. (Page 3)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryagaru (अगरु).—m (S) Aloe-wood, Aquilaria agallochum. Rox. Ex. a0 kṛṣṇāgaru suvāsēṃ ||
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishagaru (अगरु).—m Aloe-wood.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryAgaru (अगरु).—n. [na girati; gṝ. -u. na. ta.] Agallochum, Amyris Agallocha. a kind of चन्दन (candana); also अगुरु (aguru); संचारिते चागुरुसारयोनौ धूपे समुत्सर्पति वैजयन्तीः (saṃcārite cāgurusārayonau dhūpe samutsarpati vaijayantīḥ) R.6.8.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryAgaru (अगरु).—mn. (-ruḥ-ru) Agallochum, (Aquilaria agallocha, Rox) See aguru.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Agaru (अगरु):—mn. Agallochum, Amyris Agallocha
2) [=aga-ru] [from agaru] cf. aguru.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English DictionaryAgaru (अगरु):—[tatpurusha compound] m. n.
(-ruḥ-ru) Agallochum (Aquilaria agallocha, Rox.). See aguru.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryAgaru (अगरु):—[a-garu] (ruḥ-ru) 2. m. n. Agallochum.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Agaru (अगरु) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Agara.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryAgarū (अगरू):—(nm) aloe (wood).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusAgaru (ಅಗರು):—
1) [noun] the large tree Aquilaria agallocha of Thymelaeaceae family, with alternate lanceolate leaves; agallochum aloe.
2) [noun] the tree Commiphora agallocha ( = Balsamodendrum roxburghii) of Burseraceae family; Indian bdellium.
3) [noun] the tree, Dalbergia sisso ( = D. sissosa, = D.sissu ) of Papilionaceae family.
--- OR ---
Agaru (ಅಗರು):—[noun] the dandruff of the head.
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Agaru (ಅಗರು):—[verb] to emit fragrance; to be sweet smelling.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Garu, Ru, Aga, A.
Starts with: Agaru beete, Agaru chettu, Agaru gandha, Agaru-gandhakashtaha, Agaru-ghanda, Agarua, Agarubatti, Agarubite, Agarudhupa, Agarugamdha, Agarugandhamu, Agaruka, Agarulahu, Agarum, Agarusara, Akaru, Akarumakam, Akarutam, Akarutanam.
Ends with (+13): Akaru, Amisagaru, Bagaru, Cantanakaru, Chinese agaru, Cirakaru, Daragaru, Dhammagaru, Dosagaru, Elagaru, Gandhagaru, Hagaru, Kalagaru, Kannagaru, Kiriyagaru, Kodhagaru, Krishnagaru, Lagaru, Malanagaru, Malayagaru.
Full-text (+35): Agara, Garu, Krishnagaru, Aguru, Chinese agaru, Agaru beete, Agaru-ghanda, Agaru-gandhakashtaha, Agarava, Agaru chettu, Agaru gandha, Anaryaka, Akaru, Mangalagaru, Dongaka, Malayagara, Akirkutam, Cantanakaru, Agaru', Ashtagandha.
Relevant text
Search found 23 books and stories containing Agaru, Aga-ru, A-garu, Agarū; (plurals include: Agarus, rus, garus, Agarūs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Harshacharita (socio-cultural Study) (by Mrs. Nandita Sarmah)
Table: Some of the medicinal plants < [Chapter 7 - Environmental awareness and Hygiene Conciousness]
4. Importance of Flora < [Chapter 7 - Environmental awareness and Hygiene Conciousness]
Vivekachudamani (by Shankara)
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Chapter 27 - On the winds (vātacakra)
Chapter 16 - On the planets (graha-bhaktiyoga)
Chapter 87 - Omens (2): On the circle of Horizon (antara-tcakra)
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Act 10.8: The Sahā universe transforms into jewels < [Chapter XV - The Arrival of the Bodhisattvas of the Ten Directions]
Apadana commentary (Atthakatha) (by U Lu Pe Win)
Commentary on Biography of Dhūpadāyaka < [Chapter 3 - Subhūtivagga (section on Subhūti)]
Commentary on Biography of the thera Gandhodakiya < [Chapter 6 - Bījanivagga (section on Bījani)]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Puṣpādhyāya (Chapter on flowers) [Puṣpa-adhyāya] < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 107 - Procedure of the Worship of Brahmā < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 15 - The Greatness of Dāmodara < [Section 2 - Vastrāpatha-kṣetra-māhātmya]
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