Advaya: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Advaya means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to “non-dual”, according to the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjikā Tantras.—Accordingly, “O beloved, one should recollect that you and I are present in the Six Wheels by means of special, individual meditations [i.e., pṛthak-dhyāna-viśeṣaṇa] beginning with the one without form. The supreme form is flawless, pervasive and facing everywhere. It can be perceived as the bliss of contemplation, the mark of which is supreme bliss. Free of the qualities of form and the rest and devoid of limiting adjuncts and meditation—this, O fair one, is the non-dual [i.e., advaya—advayedaṃ] vision of you directly apparent. [...]”.
Advaya (अद्वय) or Advayatantra refers to one of the thirty-three Dakṣiṇatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Advaya-tantra belonging to the Dakṣiṇa class.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to “without a second”, and represents an epithet of Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.10. Accordingly as Viṣṇu said to Brahmā:—“[...] He cannot be defined. He is not subject to deterioration or decay. He is the supreme soul, without a second (advaya), unswerving and endless. He is the cause of dissolution, all-pervasive and great lord”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to “he who is one”, according to the Mahānayaprakāśa by Arṇasiṃha (Cf. verse 182-197).—Accordingly, “He who is one (advaya), supreme and whose glorious power is the unfolding of the first (impulse of the) cosmogenic imagination who, undivided, constantly withdraws into (himself) the womb (of emanation) and the diverse deployment of all things, that is, the perception of individual differences, as does the tortoise its limbs, is the one called Kūrmanātha who is free of the obscuration of thought constructs”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to the “undivided (lord)” (of the world)”, according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] Who can prevent the great-souled person who has known this whole world as himself from living as he pleases? Of all four categories of beings, from Brahma down to the last clump of grass, only the man of knowledge is capable of eliminating desire and aversion. Rare is the man who knows himself as the undivided (advaya) Lord of the world [ātmānamadvayaṃ kaścijjānāti jagadīśvaram], and no fear occurs to him who knows this from anything”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to “non-duality”, According to Vajrayāna or Tibetan Buddhism.—The Bodhi mind (bodhicitta) is of the nature of Śūnya and the deity is a manifestation of Śūnya and, therefore, both have the same origin. But to realise that the two are the same requires perfect knowledge. Continuous meditation and austerities enable the worshipper to shed the veil of ignorance which makes one thing appear as two. The Bodhi mind is further called Karuṇā (compassion) and the ultimate reality as Śūnyatā, and when the two commingle, it is called Advaya or non-duality.
As copper leaves its dirty colour (and become gold) when it comes in contact with the magic tincture (of alchemy), even so, the body leaves off its attachment, hatred, etc. when it comes in contact with the tincture of Advaya. This Advaya is a form of cognition where the Bodhi mind (bodhicitta) commingles with Śūnya and becomes one with it. To symbolize this principle Vajrayāna brought in the conception of the Yab-yum form of deities in which the deity appears locked in close embrace with his Śakti or the female counterpart.
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to “non-duality” and represents one of the Four Yogas—an important feature of the practice of contemplation in Semde [sems sde] textual tradition (one of the scriptural divisions of Dzogchen).—Semde texts claim that striving for liberation through structured practices (like tantric visualization and ritual) creates more delusion. Instead, Semde works recommend simple contemplations to recognize the pure and empty awakened mind. [...] The main contemplation in Semde works was a formless "technique free immersion in the bare immediacy of one's own deepest levels of awareness". One feature of the practice of contemplation in semde as taught today is "four yogas" [e.g., Non-duality (Tibetan: mnyam nyid; Sanskrit: advaya)]
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to the “non-duality”, according to the Guru-maṇḍala-arcana [i.e., “Guru Mandala Worship]” ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “Śrī Heruka, the breath in the mouth of the four mothers, The holy letter Yaṃ, the knowledge of non-duality (advaya-jñāna), Thus He!, thus He!, thus empty form, thus departed form, Abiding nowhere, (thus) observe emptiness”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to “non-duality”, according to the Madhyamakaśāstra.—Accordingly, “[...] If there were something non-empty, There should be something empty; But if the non-empty does not exist, How would the empty exist? The fool (bāla) who sees the non-empty; Then sees the empty as well. Not having positive views (dṛṣṭi) or negative views (adṛṣṭi); Is truly ‘nirvāṇa’. Non-duality (advaya), the gates of security (yogakṣema), The destruction of wrong views, The domain surveyed by the Buddhas, That is the ‘doctrine of Anātman’”
Advaya (अद्वय) refers to “that which is without duality”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly as The Lord said: “Śāriputra, the Tathāgata Ekaratnavyūha, seating in the lion’s throne thus, explained the dharma-seal called Gaganapariśuddhi to these Bodhisattvas, which has thirty-two aspects of entrance. What is this Dharma-seal (dharmamudrā) called Gaganapariśuddhi which has thirty-two aspects of entrance? [...] 3) all dharmas are without cognition as they are invisible (adṛśya); 4) all dharmas are invisible since they lack causes and objects (hetvālambana); 5) all dharmas lack objects since they are calm (upaśānta-lakṣaṇa); 6) all dharmas are clam since they are without duality (advaya); [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Advaya (अद्वय).—a. [nāsti dvayaṃ yasya]
1) Not two.
2) Without a second, unique; sole; अद्वयं ब्रह्म (advayaṃ brahma) Ved. Sūtra.
-yaḥ [advayaṃ vijñānābhedaḥ padārthānām astyasya vādakatvena astyarthe ac] Name of Buddha
-yam [na. ta.] Non-duality, unity, identity; especially of Brahman and the universe, or of spirit and matter; the highest truth.
Advaya (अद्वय).—nt., non-duality, as designation of the Buddhist doctrine. In Mahāvyutpatti 1717 advayam (Tibetan gñis su med pa, non-duality) is listed among paramārtha-paryāyāḥ, synonyms for the true doctrine; advayasaṃjñā udapāsi Mahāvastu i.237.14, consciousness of non-duality arose in him (so that he resolved to become a Buddha).
Advaya (अद्वय).—m.
(-yaḥ) A Bauddha. E. a neg. dvaya two.
Advaya (अद्वय).—adj. without a second, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
— Cf. .
Advaya is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms a and dvaya (द्वय).
Advaya (अद्वय).—[adjective] without a second, unique.
1) Advaya (अद्वय):—[=a-dvaya] mfn. not two without a second, only, unique
2) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a Buddha
3) [v.s. ...] n. non-duality, unity
4) [v.s. ...] identity (especially the identity of Brahma, with the human soul or with the universe, or of spirit and matter)
5) [v.s. ...] the ultimate truth.
Advaya (अद्वय):—I. [tatpurusha compound] n.
(-yam) 1) Not duality, unity.
2) The identity of Brahman (n.) and the Universe or of the divine essence and the human soul; the real truth. E. a neg. and dvaya. Ii. [bahuvrihi compound] 1. m. f. n.
(-yaḥ-yā-yam) Without a second, only, alone; esp. in the neuter as an epithet of Brahman (n.) which is not distinct from the Universe. 2. m.
(-yaḥ) A name of Buddha (acc. to a commentary, because wisdom and object of wisdom are identical with him). E. a priv. and dvaya.
Advaya (अद्वय):—[a-dvaya] (yaḥ) 1. m. A Bauddha.
Advaya (अद्वय):—(3. a + dvaya)
1) adj. einig, keinen Zweiten neben sich habend: brahma [VEDĀNṬAS. 4, 10.] [Madhusūdanasarasvatī’s Prasthānabheda] in [Weber’s Indische Studien I, 19, 23.] —
2) m. Buddha (keine Dualität kennend) [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 234]; vgl. advayavādin .
--- OR ---
Advaya (अद्वय):—m. Abkürzung von advayānanda [HALL 6.] — n. Nichtdualismus, Monismus (in der Philosophie): svarūpakathana [Oxforder Handschriften 247,b,2 v. u.]
Advaya (अद्वय):——
1) Adj. nicht zweierlei , zweitlos , einig [258,7.284,33.] —
2) m. — a) *ein Buddha. — b) Nomen proprium = advayānanda —
3) n. Nichtdualismus , Monismus.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Advaya (ಅದ್ವಯ):—
1) [adjective] not being two.
2) [adjective] being one and one only.
3) [adjective] being second to none; unique.
--- OR ---
Advaya (ಅದ್ವಯ):—
1) [noun] = ಅದ್ವಯವಾದ [advayavada].
2) [noun] the highest or ultimate truth.
3) [noun] (phil.) the Soul.
4) [noun] (phil.) the Supreme being.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Pali-English dictionary
advaya (အဒွယ) [(ti) (တိ)]—
[na+ddhaya]
[န+ဒ္ဓယ]
[Pali to Burmese]
advaya—
(Burmese text): နှစ်ခုမရှိသော၊ နှစ်ခုပေါင်း-နှစ်ခွ-မဟုတ်သော၊ နှစ်ခုမပြုအပ်-မခွဲခြားအပ်-သော၊ အခြားနှင့် မရောယှက်သော၊ တစ်ခုတည်းဖြစ်သော။
(Auto-Translation): Without two, not two combined - not differentiated - not two that are not united - not mixed with others - existing as one.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Dvaya, A, Na.
Starts with (+7): Advayabhani, Advayabhava, Advayacakra, Advayajnana, Advayajnanakhandatattva, Advayamritapati, Advayananda, Advayanandanatha, Advayant, Advayaprabhavita, Advayapravesha, Advayaranyayogin, Advayas, Advayashramapujyapadashishya, Advayastutisukti, Advayat, Advayatantra, Advayataraka, Advayatarakopanishad, Advayatattva.
Full-text (+53): Advayas, Advayavadin, Advayananda, Advayavajra, Advayavada, Advayajnana, Advayabhava, Advaita, Advayavin, Advayat, Advitiya, Buer, Advayu, Dvayas, Wu er, Advayasamudacara, Advayita, Advayatantra, Ribhumant, Advayatattva.
Relevant text
Search found 52 books and stories containing Advaya, A-dvaya, Na-ddhaya; (plurals include: Advayas, dvayas, ddhayas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 18.63 < [Chapter 18 - Mokṣa-yoga (the Yoga of Liberation)]
Verse 7.7 < [Chapter 7 - Vijñāna-Yoga (Yoga through Realization of Transcendental Knowledge)]
Verse 11.45 < [Chapter 11 - Viśvarūpa-darśana-yoga (beholding the Lord’s Universal Form)]
Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (by Lance Edward Nelson)
Notes for chapter 4 < [Chapter 4 - Bengal Vaishnava concept of Bhakti]
Notes for chapter 5 < [Chapter 5 - Madhusudana on Advaita-Bhakti]
Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya) (by Swami Nikhilananda)
Mandukya Karika, verse 4.61-62 < [Chapter IV - Alatashanti Prakarana (Quenching the firebrand)]
Mandukya Karika, verse 3.30 < [Chapter III - Advaita Prakarana (Non-duality)]
Liberation in early Advaita Vedanta (by Aleksandar Uskokov)
4. The Vedāntic Mahā-vākyas < [Chapter 10 - Sarvajñātman and the doctrine of Upaniṣadic Mahā-vākya]
1. The Upaniṣads and Para-and Apara-vidyā < [Chapter 8 - Vedānta-Vākya and the Identity Statements]
2. The Soteriology of Bhartṛprapañca < [Chapter 5 - The Doctrine of Prasaṅkhyāna]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.4.159 < [Chapter 4 - Vaikuṇṭha (the spiritual world)]
Verse 2.2.103-105 < [Chapter 2 - Jñāna (knowledge)]
Verse 2.2.159 < [Chapter 2 - Jñāna (knowledge)]
Shri Gaudiya Kanthahara (by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati)
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