Adhyavasaya, Adhyavasāya: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Adhyavasaya means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Adhyvasay.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—One of the two vṛttis of mahat.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 4. 46.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—Determination to begin an activity with a view to get the fruit. cf. य एष मनुष्यः प्रेक्षापूर्व-कारी स बुद्ध्या कंचिदर्थं संपश्यति, संदृष्टे प्रार्थना, प्रार्थिते अध्यवसायः,म् अध्यवसाये आरम्भः, आरम्भे निर्वृत्तिः, निर्वृत्तौ फलावाप्तिः (ya eṣa manuṣyaḥ prekṣāpūrva-kārī sa buddhyā kaṃcidarthaṃ saṃpaśyati, saṃdṛṣṭe prārthanā, prārthite adhyavasāyaḥ, m adhyavasāye ārambhaḥ, ārambhe nirvṛttiḥ, nirvṛttau phalāvāptiḥ) cf. M. Bh. on I.3.14 and I.4.32.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Shaiva philosophy
1) Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) refers to “determinations”.—If we are using “cognition” to refer to the perceiver, they are objects of cognition; but they themselves can be referred to as “cognitions” if we understand “cognitions” to mean determinations (adhyavasāya, parāmarśa).
2) Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) refers to the “force of determination”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī 2.131-132.—Accordingly, “[Here is what Utpaladeva means with the words] ‘bāhya eva’. To begin with, the Buddhists, when saying that the validity of a means of knowledge arises from the force of determination (adhyavasāya), admit that even inference must have an object that is external [insofar as it is based on the determination of a previously perceived object. [...]”.
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) refers to “superimposition of notions” (e.g., the notion that something is the soul when it is not the soul), according to Bhaṭṭa Rāmakaṇṭha’s 10th-century Tattvatrayanirṇayavivṛti—a commentary on the 7th-century Tattvatrayanirṇaya by Sadyojyoti which discusses philosophical aspects of Śiva including the theories of Puruṣas (souls), Māyā (primal matter) and Mala (the innate impurity afflicting souls).—Accordingly, [commenting on verse 8] “Because it is a substance, like an impurity in the eye, such as a cataract, it is not the case that the cessation of this [impurity], which is the cause of nescience, may come about through knowledge, as a result of which[, if it were the case,] men would have power, as they do [have increased power] when mental nescience, which is of the nature of wrong superimposition of notions, such as the notion that something is the soul (ātmā-adhyavasāya-ātman) when it is not the soul, ceases. Therefore the cessation of this [impurity may be accomplished] only through an action of the Lord, namely initiation, just as something like a cataract [can be removed only] by the intervention of an eye-doctor”.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
Shaivism
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) refers to the “functions of judgement”, according to Śivasūtra 3.1 (Cf. Kṣemarāja’s Śivasūtravimarśinī).—Accordingly, “The citta is the [contracted] self (ātmā cittam)”—[Kṣemarāja’s explanation]—“This citta, which is permanent because it is not coloured by the impressions left by sense-objects and which takes the form of the buddhi, ahaṅkāra and manas with their functions of judgement (adhyavasāya), [ appropriation,] and [attention], is [called] the Ātmā [here], that is, the atomic individual, [from the verb √at ‘to wander’ in the meaning ‘the wanderer’,] because it moves on from womb to womb by taking on the operations of Sattva, [Rajas and Tamas] as a result of its being unaware of its true nature as [unlimited] consciousness”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) refers to “ascertainment”.—It represents a keyword in Advaita-Vedānta philosophy mentioned in the glossary attached to “A critical study of Ānandajñāna’s Tarkasaṅgraha (by Satyan Sharma)”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Buddhist philosophy
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) or Adhyavasāyaviṣaya (Sanskrit; in Tibetan: zhen yul) refers to “conceived objects”, representing one of the three types of “objects” (viṣaya) (i.e., ‘that which is to be comprehended or known’).—Accordingly, “That which is to be understood through valid cognition is ‘the knowable’. The terms ‘object’ (viṣaya; yul), ‘knowable’ (jñeya; shes bya), and ‘appraisable’ (prameya; gzhal bya) are all essentially equivalent, but it is the defining characteristic of the ‘object’ that it is to be comprehended or known, [...]. When objects (viṣaya) are analyzed in terms of their different functionalities as objects (yul du byed tshul), they fall into three distinct categories, namely, [i.e., conceived objects (adhyavasāya-viṣaya—zhen yul),] [...]
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Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—m S Apprehension of by the soul or self; sentiment, purpose, or resolve arising towards a subject determined by the judgment. 2 Determination or settlement of a matter; ascertainment. 3 A figure of rhetoric. Understanding, in the object adduced for illustration, the illustrated subject.
adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—m Apprehension of by the soul. Sentiment, purpose or resolve. Determination of a matter.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—
1) An attempt, effort, exertion; न स्वल्पमप्यध्यवसायभीरोः करोति विज्ञाननिधिर्गुणं हि (na svalpamapyadhyavasāyabhīroḥ karoti vijñānanidhirguṇaṃ hi) H.1.v.l.; °सह- चरेषु साहसेषु (saha- careṣu sāhaseṣu) Daśakumāracarita 161.
2) Determination, resolution; mental effort or apprehension; संभावनं नाम अस्तित्वाध्यव- सायः (saṃbhāvanaṃ nāma astitvādhyava- sāyaḥ) P.VI.2.21. cf. also प्रतिविषयाध्यवसायो दृष्टम् (prativiṣayādhyavasāyo dṛṣṭam) | Sāṅkhya K.5.
3) Perseverance, diligence, energy, constancy; तत्कोऽयं पदे पदे महाननध्यवसायः (tatko'yaṃ pade pade mahānanadhyavasāyaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 4 absence of energy or resolution, drooping of spirits; (with mahānadhyavasāyaḥ as the reading, the meaning would be 'why this effort on your part i. e. to determine whether you should go or not, hesitation.')
Derivable forms: adhyavasāyaḥ (अध्यवसायः).
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—m. or nt. = °sāna, grasping, clinging, devotion (to something deprecated; compare adhyavasita): Divyāvadāna 534.19; adhyavasāye tiṣṭhati, cited from Mādhya- mikā-vṛtti in note 4 on Śikṣāsamuccaya 223.8. (On adhyavasāya, ger., see adhyavasyati.)
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—m.
(-yaḥ) Effort, exertion, determined application. E. adhi, and aba before ṣo to destroy, with the affixes dhañ and yak.
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय).—i. e. adhi -ava-so + a, m. Perseverance, [Pañcatantra] 60, 6. Constancy, ib. iii. [distich] 261.
1) Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय):—[=adhy-ava-sāya] [from adhyava-so] m. idem
2) [v.s. ...] (in [philosophy]) mental effort, apprehension.
3) [=adhy-avasāya] [from adhyava-sāya > adhyava-so] clinging to (earthly things), [Divyāvadāna]
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय):—[tatpurusha compound] m.
(-yaḥ) 1) Ascertainment, determining.
2) As-siduous application, effort, energy.
3) (In philosophy.) The specific function of buddhi or intellect (q. v.), apprehension by intellect, its taking hold of an object either by ascertainment or volition.
4) (In rhetoric.) The same as adhyavasāna. E. so with ava and adhi, kṛt aff. ṇa and āgama yuk.
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय):—[adhya+vasāya] (yaḥ) 1. m. Perseverance.
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय):—(von sā, syati mit adhi + ava) m. = utsāha [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 7, 29.] = ūrja [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 300.] = karmasu pratyayaḥ [NAYANĀNANDA], = karmasu sukaraḥ pratyayaḥ [MADHU], = karmasu dṛḍhaprayatnakārako bhāvaḥ [Ramānātha], = aśakye balodyamaḥ nach einigen Erklärern im [Śabdakalpadruma] fester Wille, fester Entschluss, festes Bestreben: na svalpamapyadhyavasāyabhīroḥ karoti vijñānavidhirguṇaṃ hi [Hitopadeśa I, 163.] [Pañcatantra III, 261.] adhyavasāyo buddhiḥ [SĀṂKHYAK. 23.] mit dem loc.: svaprakṛtirapi tatraivādhyavasāyena hiṃsāparāṅmukhīva bhavati [60, 6.] aśakye dhyavasāyaḥ samarthanā [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 25, 23.] saṃbhāvanaṃ kriyāsu yogyatādhyavasāyaḥ [17.] im comp.: vākyārthavicāraṇādhyavasāyanirvṛttā hi brahmāvagatiḥ [Brahmasūtra] in [Frid 108.] prativiṣayādhyavasāyo dṛṣṭam [SĀṂKHYAK. 5.] saṃbhāvana mastitvādhyavasāyaḥ [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 2, 21,] [Scholiast]
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Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय):—= adhyavasāna [SĀṂKHYAK. 5, 23] [?(= Kapila 2, 13).] so dhyavasāyo gavādiṣu dravyeṣu yasmātpratipattiḥ . evametannānyathā [Sânkhya Philosophy 5.] [Sāhityadarpana 693.] [KUVALAY. 58,b.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 25,17. 23.] lakṣaṇā sādhyavasāyā (vgl. u. adhyavasāna) [PRATĀPAR.9,b,1.] bhīru der sich scheut zu einer bestimmten Meinung, zu einem bestimmten Entschluss zu gelangen [Hitopadeśa I, 163] [?(Spr. 1502). Pañcatantra III, 261 (Spr. 3476). 60, 6.] Die Stelle vākyārthavicāraṇā ist zu streichen; vgl. u. adhyavasāna . Am Schluss ist zu lesen saṃbhāvanamatistvadhyavasāyaḥ .
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Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय):—fester Vorsatz [Sāhityadarpana 471.] ka m. dass., = pratijñā [484.]
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय):—m. —
1) dass. —
2) Beschlussfassung , fester Vorsatz. —
3) buddh. blosse Meinung [Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha 22,17.]
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Ajbhavasāya.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Adhyavasāya (अध्यवसाय) [Also spelled adhyvasay]:—(nm) perseverance; enterprise, diligence; volition; ~[yī] perseverant; enterprising, diligent, industrious.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Adhyavasāya (ಅಧ್ಯವಸಾಯ):—
1) [noun] a resolving or determining; deciding; resolution; determination.
2) [noun] an effort a) the using of energy to get something done; exertion of strength or mental power; b) a try, esp. a hard try; attempt; endeavour.
3) [noun] the quality of pursuing relentlessly and unflaggingly, in the face of opposition or interference, in achieving a goal; perseverance.
4) [noun] (rhet.) likening of two things of contrasting nature in such manner that the one is completely absorbed in the other.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Avasaya, Adhi, Caya, Saya, Ati.
Starts with (+0): Adhyavasayabhiru, Adhyavasayaka, Adhyavasayavishaya, Adhyavasayayukta.
Full-text (+6): Duradhyavasaya, Adhyavasayayukta, Adhyavasayabhiru, Vaska, Adhyavasayin, Attiyavacayam, Ajjhosana, Abhivuddhi, Adhyavasayavishaya, Adhyavasana, Adhyavasayaka, Prativishayam, Ajbhavasaya, Adhyvasay, Atishayokti, Adhyavasita, Adhyavasyati, Atmadhyavasaya, Paramarsha, Saugata.
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Search found 48 books and stories containing Adhyavasaya, Adhi-avasaya, Adhi-avasāya, Adhyava-saya, Adhyava-sāya, Adhyavasāya; (plurals include: Adhyavasayas, avasayas, avasāyas, sayas, sāyas, Adhyavasāyas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
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Page 69 < [Hindi-Gujarati-English Volume 1]
Alankara Sastra (English study) (by V. Raghavan)
5. Other writers on the subject of Laksana < [Chapter 1 - The history of Lakshana (poetic adornments)]
Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana (by Pratim Bhattacharya)
10: Definition of Atiśayokti Alaṃkāra < [Chapter 4 - Arthālaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
9: Definition of Utprekṣā Alaṃkāra < [Chapter 4 - Arthālaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
3: The classification of poetic figures < [Chapter 5 - A Comparative study of the different alaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
Svacchandatantra (history and structure) (by William James Arraj)
Chapter 12.1: The Nature of the Lower Planes < [Summaries]
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Part 5h - Alaṃkāra (8): Atiśayokti or hyperbole < [Chapter III - Literary Assessment Of The Śrīkaṇṭhacarita]
Nirvikalpaka Pratyaksha (study) (by Sujit Roy)