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Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Abhinidhāna (अभिनिधान).—lit. that which is placed near or before; the first of the doubled class consonants; a mute or sparṣa consonant arising from doubling and inserted before a mute; cf. अघो-षादूष्मणः परः प्रथमः अभिनिधानः स्पर्शपरात्तस्य सस्थानः (agho-ṣādūṣmaṇaḥ paraḥ prathamaḥ abhinidhānaḥ sparśaparāttasya sasthānaḥ) (T. Pr. XIV. 9.) explained by त्रिभाष्यरत्न (tribhāṣyaratna) as स्पर्शपरादघोषादूष्मणः परः प्रथम आगमस्तस्य स्पर्शस्य समानस्थानः अभिनिधानो भवति । अभिनिधीयते इत्यभि-निधानः आरोपणीयः इत्यर्थः । यथा यः क्कामयेत अश्मन्नूर्जम् । यः प्पाप्मना । (sparśaparādaghoṣādūṣmaṇaḥ paraḥ prathama āgamastasya sparśasya samānasthānaḥ abhinidhāno bhavati | abhinidhīyate ityabhi-nidhānaḥ āropaṇīyaḥ ityarthaḥ | yathā yaḥ kkāmayeta aśmannūrjam | yaḥ ppāpmanā |) The Ṛk. prātiśākhya explains the term अभिनिधान (abhinidhāna) somewhat differently; cf. अभिनिधानं कृतसंहितानां स्पर्शन्तिःस्थानामपवाद्य रेफम् । संघारणं संवरणं श्रुतेश्च स्पर्शोदयानामपि चावसाने (abhinidhānaṃ kṛtasaṃhitānāṃ sparśantiḥsthānāmapavādya repham | saṃghāraṇaṃ saṃvaraṇaṃ śruteśca sparśodayānāmapi cāvasāne) R. Pr. VI. 5, explained by उव्वट (uvvaṭa) as स्पर्शपराणां स्पर्शानां रेफं वर्जयित्वा अन्तःस्थानां च वर्णानां कृतसंहितानां च सतां संधारणं वर्णश्रुतेश्च संवरणं भवति । तदेतद् अभि-निधानं नाम । यथा उष मा षड् द्वा द्वा । ऋ (sparśaparāṇāṃ sparśānāṃ rephaṃ varjayitvā antaḥsthānāṃ ca varṇānāṃ kṛtasaṃhitānāṃ ca satāṃ saṃdhāraṇaṃ varṇaśruteśca saṃvaraṇaṃ bhavati | tadetad abhi-nidhānaṃ nāma | yathā uṣa mā ṣaḍ dvā dvā | ṛ). सं ८।६८।१४ इह षड् इत्यत्र अभिनिधानम् ॥ अभिनिघान (saṃ 8|68|14 iha ṣaḍ ityatra abhinidhānam || abhinighāna) possibly according to उव्वट (uvvaṭa) here means the first of the doubled letter which, although the second letter is attached to it, is separately uttered with a slight pause after it. अभिनिधान (abhinidhāna) means, in short, something like 'suppression.' The Ṛk. Tantra takes a still wider view and explains अभिनिधान (abhinidhāna) as the first of a doubled consonant, cf ; अभिनिधानः । क्रमजं च पूर्वान्ततस्वरं भवति । (abhinidhānaḥ | kramajaṃ ca pūrvāntatasvaraṃ bhavati |) R. T. 21.

context information

Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Abhinidhana (अभिनिधन).—a. [abhigato nidhanaṃ maraṇam] About to perish, approaching one's doom.

-nam Name of certain verses of the Sāmaveda repeated at this time.

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Abhinidhāna (अभिनिधान).—

1) Putting on, setting up.

2) Euphonic, suppression, weakening in the pronunciation of words, especially the supression of an initial अ (a) after ए (e) or ओ (o); cf. अवग्रह (avagraha).

Derivable forms: abhinidhānam (अभिनिधानम्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Abhinidhana (अभिनिधन):—[=abhi-nidhana] n. Name of different verses of the Sāma-veda, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra etc.]

2) Abhinidhāna (अभिनिधान):—[=abhi-ni-dhāna] [from abhini-dhā] n. placing upon, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra]

3) [v.s. ...] m. [Atharvaveda-prātiśākhya] and, [Taittirīya-prātiśākhya] or n. [Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya] ‘touching’ or close contact (of letters in pronunciation, especially in the cases where initial a is suppressed after e and o).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Abhinidhana (अभिनिधन):—[tatpurusha compound] n.

(-nam) The ritual name of the follow-ing Sāmaveda-verses, supposed to be composed by Kāṇva (abhinidhanaṃ kāṇvam): 1. 261. (= I. 3. 2. 2. 9. or 2. 214.), 2. 25. 26. (= Ii. 1. 1. 9), 2. 214-216. (= Ii. 2. 2. 12.), 2. 741-743. (= Ii. 6. 2. 5.), 2. 865-867. (= Ii. 7. 1. 11.), 2. 1068-1070. (= Ii. 8. 3. 3.). E. abhi and nidhana.

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Abhinidhāna (अभिनिधान):—[tatpurusha compound] n.

(-nam) 1) Placing over, putting over; e. g. Kātyāy. Śrautas.: āyurasītyuttarayājyasthālīṃ saṃspṛśya purūravā ityabhinidhānaṃ tayā; (comm. uttarāraṇyā adharāraṇerupari nidhānaṃ karoti).

2) (In the Prātiśakhyas) Suppression or weakening of a sound with regard to, or on account of, scil. the influence of a preceding or following sound [the qualification ‘with regard to’ or ‘on account of’ seems to be implied by the prefix abhi], viz. [a.]) the suppression of the vowel a through the influence of a preceding o or e (comp. abhinihita); e. g. in gāhamānodayaḥ of the word adayaḥ, or in vālevata of the word avata; [b.]) the suppression or weakening of the sound or of the vibration of the voice which naturally follows the pronunciation of a consonant, if such a consonant is followed by, and has made sandhi with, another consonant; according to the Ṛgv. Prātiś., such a sound or the vibration of the voice is suppressed, if the consonant is surd (ka, ca &c.); it is weakened, if the consonant is sonant (ga, ja &c.) and the sound which remains, after such weakening is called dhruva (q. v.). This suppression or weakening of the vibration of the voice, however, takes place only under the following restrictions: 1. in the pronunciation of a sparśa or antaḥsthā (except r), if it is followed by a sparśa; e. g. in arvāgdevaḥ or in ulkām; 2. of a sparśa, if it stands in a pause; e. g. in vāk; 3. of an antaḥsthā, if it is followed by another similar antaḥsthā; e. g. in tavvaṃ~ḥ; 4 of l, if it is followed by an ūṣman; e. g. in śatavalśaḥ; 5. of k in akkhyat; 6. of p in virapsī; 7. of a sparśa except m (i. e. k till bh), if it is followed by y, r, v or an ūṣman; e. g. in yadyat, tadrāsabhaḥ, yānvaḥ, arvākśaphau; (the latter cases 4-7. only in the theory of the Śākalas). These general rules are subject to exceptions and restrictions, and even as such they are not universally recognized; Śaunaka, for instance, says, that Vyāĺi does not recognize the abhinidhāna, in general, and admits of it only when the following consonant is doubled or if a vowel or r precede.—The Vājas. Prātiś. uses instead of the term abhinidhāna the explanation sthānakaraṇavimokṣaḥ ‘giving up the characteristics of a consonant, viz. the organic distinction and the distinction with regard to the effort of pronunciation’; (comp. the list in Pāṇ. I. 1. 9. where karaṇa answers the prayatna; and see Weber's ed. of this Prātiś. Ind. Stud. Iv. p. 127), but applies it merely to the sparśa at the end of a word, if it is followed by another word, and in a pause.—The Atharvav. Prātiś. (quoted by Weber 1. c., where the masc. abhinidhānaḥ seems to be an error of the Berlin Ms.) admits the abhinidhāna only 1. of a sparśa, if it is followed by a sparśa, 2. of a sparśa at the end of a word or at an avagraha, 3. of l before an ūṣman, 4 of ṅ, ṇa, na, before h. Śākalya, in the cases 4-7. mentioned above, and the Atharvav. Prātiś. in its enumeration do not consider two consonants, the first of which suffers the abhinidhāna, as saṃyukta or combined consonants (Śaunaka: asaṃyuktaṃ śākalam; Atharvav. Pr.: atonyatsaṃyuktam ‘saṃyukta is a combination of consonants other than that in the preceding cases’); i. e. they assume such a stoppage of the voice as to prevent two consonants to sound together; but Śaunaka does not seem to go so far, for he quotes Śākalya apparently for the sake of recording his dissent from the opinion of the latter. The distinction is probably owing to the difference in the observation, by the different grammarians, of the phenomena of pronunciation; the supposition of Mr. Regnier (Journ. Asiat. 1857, p. 230), that there is a twofold abhinidhāna, the one applying to the consonantic groups which are the natural effect of the sandhi, the other to such groups as are produced by the krama, is very ingenious, but does not necessarily follow from the text of this Prātiś. (I. 1. 6. and 7.); for similar differences of opinion in the theory on the pronunciation of consonantic groups, arising obviously from different observations, may be gathered also from the Sūtras of Pāṇini. [In the preceding explanation the term sparśa comprises the 25 consonants ka-ṅa, ca-ña, ṭa-ṇa, ta-na and pa-ma; the term ūṣman (q. v.) the sibilants ha, śa, ṣa, sa; and the semivowels ya, ra, la, va are termed antaḥsthā, because their position in the system of the vaidik gramm. is between the sparśa and ūṣman; (s. v. antaḥsthā p. 117a, 1. 49 the words ‘vowels and consonants’ are a mistake for ‘sparśa and ūṣman’).] E. dhā with ni and abhi, kṛt aff. lyuṭ.

[Sanskrit to German]

Abhinidhana in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Dhana, Abhini, Nidhana, Abhi, Tana.

Starts with: Abhinidhanam.

Full-text: Abhinipata, Aroparniya, Abhinidhanam, Vidharana, Avakrishta, Kanva, Dhruva.

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Search found 1 books and stories containing Abhinidhana, Abhinidhāna, Abhi-nidhana, Abhini-dhana, Abhini-dhāna; (plurals include: Abhinidhanas, Abhinidhānas, nidhanas, dhanas, dhānas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Sankhayana-grihya-sutra (by Hermann Oldenberg)

Adhyāya VI, Khaṇḍa 5

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