Uru, Ūru, Urū: 33 definitions

Introduction:

Uru means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, biology, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

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In Hinduism

Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Google Books: The Theory of Citrasutras in Indian Painting

According to the Matsya Purāṇa, Ūru (thigh) from pubis to knee is 24 aṅgulas.

Source: Shodhganga: The significance of the mūla-beras (śilpa)

Urū (उरू) or Urūhasta refers to “dignified” and represents one of the twenty-four gestures with a single hand, as defined according to texts dealing with śilpa (arts and crafs), known as śilpaśāstras.—Accordingly, pratimā-lakṣaṇa (body postures of the icons) is comprised of hand gestures (hasta, mudrā or kai-amaiti), stances/poses (āsanas) and inflexions of the body (bhaṅgas). There are thirty-two types of hands [viz., urū-hasta] classified into two major groups known as tolirkai (functional and expressive gestures) and elirkai (graceful posture of the hand).

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (shilpa)

Ūru (ऊरु) or “thigh” refers to one of the various body parts whose Measurements should follow the principles of ancient Indian Painting (citra), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—In the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, a specific measurement of every limb of a man as well as of a woman is elaborately and systematically discussed. In this book, the writer has presented the measurement of almost all the body parts that should be maintained in a picture. For example, Ūru (“thigh”) should be 4 aṅgulas.

Shilpashastra book cover
context information

Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Ūru (ऊरु).—A son born to Manu Cākṣuṣa by his wife Naḍvalā. Ūru had nine brothers named Pūru, Śatadyumna, Tapasvī, Satyavāk, Kavi, Agniṣṭhu, Atirātra, Sudyumna and Atimanyu. Six great sons were born to Ūru by his wife Ātreyī. They were Aṅga, Sumanas, Svāti, Kratu, Aṅgiras and Gaya. Vena was born to King Aṅga by his wife Sunīthā and the famous emperor Pṛthu was born as the son of Vena. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 18).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Ūru (ऊरु) refers to the “thigh”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.8.—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Sage Nārada:—“[...] On hearing the story, the lord of mountains stroked her fondly, kissed her on the head and placed her on his seat. O sage, on seeing her seated there you spoke again delighting the lord of mountains, Menakā and her sons.—‘O king of mountains, she will have a better throne than this. Śiva’s thigh [i.e., śambhu-ūruśambhorūrau] will be her permanent abode. On getting the seat on the thigh of Śiva your daughter will go to the world where no eye or mind can reach’.”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1) Uru (उरु).—A son of Bhautya Manu.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 1. 114.

2a) Ūru (ऊरु).—A son of Cākṣuṣa Manu; wife Āgneyī; father of six sons.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 36. 79, 106-8; Matsya-purāṇa 4. 41-3; Vāyu-purāṇa 62. 67, 91, 92; Viṣṇu-purāṇa III. 1. 29.

2b) A son of Bhauma Manu.*

  • * Viṣṇu-purāṇa III. 2. 45.
Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Ūru (ऊरु) refers to the “thigh”, “shank”, etc. It is one of the parts of the human body with which gestures (āṅgika) are performaned, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 10.

There are five movements of the thighs (ūru) defined:

  1. kampana (shaking),
  2. valana (turning),
  3. stambhana (motionlessness),
  4. udvartana (springing up),
  5. vivartana (turning round).
Source: Shodhganga: The significance of the mūla-beras (natya)

Ūru (ऊरु, “thighs”) refers to one of the nine “minor limbs” (pratyaṅga), which represents a division of Āṅgikābhinaya (gesture language of the limbs) as used within the classical tradition of Indian dance and performance, also known as Bharatanatyam.—Āṅgika-abhinaya is the gesture language of the limbs. Dance is an art that expresses itself through the medium of body, and therefore, āṅgikābhinaya is essential for any dance and especially for any classical dance of India. Pratyaṅgas or the minor limbs consist of shoulders, shoulder blades, arms, back, thighs [viz., Ūru] and calves; at times the wrists, knees and elbows are also counted among minor limbs.

Natyashastra book cover
context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)

Ūru (ऊरु) refers to “thighs”, which is mentioned in verse 3.15 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] Passionate (and) lovely women with exuberant thighs [viz., pīvara-ūru], breasts, and buttocks take away the cold, their body being hot with incense, saffron, and youth. [...]”.

Note: The possessive compound pīvara-ūru-stana-śroṇī—“with exuberant thighs, breasts, and buttocks” has been resolved as usual by means of modal accusatives: nu-ma brla daṅ ro-smad rgyas—“exuberant in breasts, thighs, and buttocks [lit., lower parts]”, with ūru and stana transposed.

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Ūru (ऊरु):—[ūruḥ] Thigh (femur)

Ayurveda book cover
context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Croaking Frogs: (Yoga)

Ūru (ऊरु) refers to the “thighs” representing one of the sixteen vital centres of the body (i.e., ādhāra), according to the Jyotsnā 3.73 (Cf. Gorakṣaśataka 14 and Svātmārāma’s Haṭhapradīpikā 3.72).—In Haṭhayoga, ādhāra refers to a vital point of the body, a seat of vital function. Jyotsnā verse 3.73 cites a passage attributed to Gorakṣa listing the ādhāras as [e.g., ūru (thighs), ...]. The Haṭhapradīpikā refers to sixteen ādhāras but does not name them or explain what they are. The Gorakṣaśataka also refers to sixteen ādhāras as something the Yogī should be familiar with, but does not name them.

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Ūru (ऊरु) refers to the “thighs”, according to the Dattātreyayogaśāstra verse 35-38ab.—Accordingly, while describing the lotus pose (padmāsana): “Having carefully placed the upturned feet on the thighs and the upturned hands in between the thighs (ūru-saṃstha), [the Yogin] should fix the eyes on the tip of the nose. Having lifted the uvula with the tongue; having fixed the chin on the chest and having drawn in the breath slowly according to his capacity, he should fill [the region of] the stomach. After that, he should exhale the breath slowly according to his capacity. This is said to be padmāsana, which destroys all diseases”.

Yoga book cover
context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Uru (उरु) or Urukiraṇā refers to “waves of rays”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] Active in the utterance (of mantra that takes place) in the centre, she pervades all things with the mass of (her) red and beautiful rays. (She is) the threefold Nityaklinnā, the universal energy of Śiva, the root goddess who pervades (all things). She awakens the Command that has been destroyed and removes the impurities (that sully the) Rule. She alone is capable of piercing the bridge. She is the garland of thirty-two syllables, the awakened Kaulika Command, the supreme energy (well) deployed. Pure, she is the Light of the Void and she pulses radiantly with waves of rays (sphurat-uru-kiraṇā). She alone conjoins (the fettered to) the path of the Siddhas. [...]”.

Shaktism book cover
context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions

Ūru (ऊरु) refers to the “thighs”, according to the 13th-century Matsyendrasaṃhitā: a Kubjikā-Tripurā oriented Tantric Yoga text of the Ṣaḍanvayaśāmbhava tradition from South India.—Accordingly, “[Visualisation of Śakti]:—[...] She is anointed with divine ointments and she is dressed in divine clothes, with her loins exposed. Her thighs and shanks are beautiful (cāru-ūru-jaṅgha). Her body is the ultimate essence of gracefulness. Her feet are embellished with anklets. She wears divine garlands and [has been anointed] with divine ointments. She is delighted by the wine she is enjoying. Her body is filled with passion. She is restless with wantonness. [This is how the Yogin] should visualise his lover as Śakti, O Maheśvarī”.

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)

Ūru (ऊरु) [=ūruja?] refers to the “thighs”, according to the Devyāmata (in the section śalyoddhāra-paṭala or “excavation of extraneous substances”).—Accordingly, “[...] If [someone] touches his buttocks, there is [an extraneous thing] arising from the buttocks [, i.e. coccyx?] or an iron nail at a depth of two cubits [underground]. [The officiant] should remove that extraneous thing from there. If [someone] scratches his thigh (ūrukaṇḍūyaūrukaṇḍūyamāne tu ūrujaṃ), there is an extraneous thing related to the thigh (ūruja) or piece of wood at a depth of one and a half cubits. [The officiant] should remove it carefully. [...]”.

Vastushastra book cover
context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Uru in India is the name of a plant defined with Alangium salviifolium in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Grewia salviifolia L.f. (among others).

2) Uru is also identified with Citrus medica It has the synonym Sarcodactilis helicteroides Gaertn. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (1950)
· The Flora of British India (1879)
· Revista Brasil. Genét. (1997)
· Supplementum Plantarum (1781)
· Journal of Cytology and Genetics (1990)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Uru, for example health benefits, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, side effects, chemical composition, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

uru : (adj.) large; wide; eminent. || ūru (m.), the thigh.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

1) Uru, (adj.) (cp. Av. ravah space; Gr. eu)rus wide; Lat. rūs free or wide space, field; Idg. *ru, *uer wide, to which also Goth. rūms space = Ags. rūm, E. room, Ger. raum) wide, large; excellent, eminent J. V, 89; Miln. 354; Sdhp. 345, 592.—pl. urū sands, soil J. V, 303. (Page 155)

2) Ūru, (Vedic ūru; cp. Lat. vārus bow-legged, of Idg. *ǔā, to which also Ohg. wado = Ger. wade calf of leg) the thigh Sn. 610; Vin. II, 105 (in contrast with bāha); III, 106; J. I, 277; II, 275, 443; III, 82; V, 89, 155; Nd2 659 (so read for uru); Vv 6413; DA. I, 135 = Vin. II, 190.

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

ūrū (ऊरू).—m f S The thigh.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

ūru (ऊरु).—m f The thigh.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Uru (उरु).—a. [urṇu-ku nulopo hrasvaśca Uṇādi-sūtra 1.31] (-ru-rvī f.; compar. varīyas; super. variṣṭha)

1) Wide, spacious.

2) Great, large; जातःकुले तस्य किलोरुकीर्तिः (jātaḥkule tasya kilorukīrtiḥ) R.6.74.

3) Excessive, much, abundant; धनान्युरूणि (dhanānyurūṇi) Śiśupālavadha 3.76.

4) Excellent, precious, valuable. n. Ved. Wide space, space or room. ind. Far, far off (Ved.).

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Ūru (ऊरु).—m. [ūrṇu-karmaṇi ku nulopaśca Uṇādi-sūtra 1.3]

1) The thigh; ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः (ūrū tadasya yadvaiśyaḥ) Ṛgveda 1.9.12; Manusmṛti 1.31,87; R. 12.88; (at the end of fem. compounds the form is °ruḥ or °rūḥ, but more usually the latter; rambhorūḥ, vāmorūḥ karabhoru Voc.).

Derivable forms: ūruḥ (ऊरुः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Uru (उरु).—mfn. (-ruḥ-ruḥ-rvī-ru) 1. Large, great. 2. Much, excessive. 3. Long. 4. Valuable, precious. E. ūrṇu to cover, ku Unadi affix; ū is made short, and ṇa dropped by special rule.

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Ūru (ऊरु).—m.

(-ruḥ) The thigh. E. ūrṇu to cover, ku aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Uru (उरु).—i. e. vṛ + u, adj., I. f. urvī, Large, Mahābhārata 1, 1222. Comparat. varīyaṃs, superl. variṣṭha, Mahābhārata 14, 879. Ii. f. Urvī, the earth, [Rāmāyaṇa] 4, 44, 130.

— Cf.

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Ūru (ऊरु).—perhaps akin to uru, m. The thigh, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 52, 32. When the latter part of a comp. adj., the fem. ends in ru, or , e. g. vāmoru, i. e. vāma-, f. , Having beautiful thighs, Mahābhārata 1, 1903; but ru (against the grammatical rule), Mahābhārata 1, 2988. karabhopamoru, i. e. karabha-upama-ūru, f. , and karabhoru, i. e. karabha- f. , Having thighs like the proboscis of an elephant, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 6, 83; [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 69. rambha-, f. , Having bambu-like thighs, [Mālavikāgnimitra, (ed. Tullberg.)] [distich] 45. vara-, f. ru, Having beautiful thighs, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 52, 53.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Uru (उरु).—[feminine] urvī spacious, extensive, wide, broad, great. —[neuter] [adverb] widely, far; as subst. space, room, wide scope, freedom, [with] kṛ give room, liberty, opportunity. —[feminine] urvī the earth, the soil; [dual] heaven and earth; [plural] [with] ṣaṣ the six spaces (the four quarters of the sky with what is above and below).

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Ūru (ऊरु).—[masculine] thigh (adj. —° [feminine] ūru or ūrū); [Name] of an old sage.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Uru (उरु):—mf()n. (√1. vṛ; √ūrṇu, [Uṇādi-sūtra i, 32]), wide, broad, spacious, extended, great, large, much, excessive, excellent, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Mahābhārata; Raghuvaṃśa]

2) m. (us) Name of an Āṅgirasa, [Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa]

3) of a son of the fourteenth Manu, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Viṣṇu-purāṇa]

4) n. (u) wide space, space, room, [Ṛg-veda] (with √kṛ, to grant space or scope, give opportunity, [Ṛg-veda])

5) ind. widely, far, far off, [Ṛg-veda]

6) [Comparative degree] varīyas, [superlative degree] variṣṭha;

7) cf. [Greek] εὐρύς, εὐρύνω, etc.: [Hibernian or Irish] ur, ‘very’; uras, ‘power, ability.’

8) Ūru (ऊरु):—m. [the f. may be ū at the end of compounds in comparison, [Pāṇini 4-1, 69]], ([from] √ūrṇu, [Uṇādi-sūtra i, 31]) the thigh, shank, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā; Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata; Manu-smṛti etc.]

9) Name of an Āṅgirasa and author of a Vedic hymn

10) Name of a son of Manu Cākṣuṣa.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Uru (उरु):—[(ruḥ-ruḥ-ru) a.] Large, great.

2) Ūru (ऊरु):—(ruḥ) 2. m. The thigh.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Uru (उरु) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Uru, Ūru.

[Sanskrit to German]

Uru in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Uru (उरु):—(nm) thigh.

context information

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

1) Uru (उरु) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Uru.

2) Ūru (ऊरु) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Ūru.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Uru (ಉರು):—

1) [noun] a learning by heart (as to keep the things so learnt accurately in memory).

2) [noun] ಉರುತೆಗೆ [urutege] uru tege = ಉರುಹಾಕು [uruhaku]; ಉರುಹಚ್ಚು [uruhaccu] uru haccu = ಉರುಹಾಕು [uruhaku]; ಉರುಹಾಕಿಸು [uruhakisu] uru hākisu to make one learn (a poem, passage, set of facts, etc.) by heart; ಉರುಹಾಕು [uruhaku] uru hāku to learn ( a poem, passage, set of facts etc.) by heart so that it can be recollected or reproduced accurately from memory; to commit to one’s memory; ಉರುಹೊಡೆ [uruhode] uru hoḍe = ಉರುಹಾಕು [uruhaku].

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Uru (ಉರು):—

1) [adjective] of a kind different from others; distinctive, peculiar.

2) [adjective] of a special nature or quality by which a thing excels another; superior; excellent.

3) [adjective] extending over a large area; of great extent; wide.

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Uṟu (ಉಱು):—

1) [verb] to be.

2) [verb] to stop; to hesitate.

3) [verb] to have; to be in possession of; to obtain.

4) [verb] to be liked; to become acceptable.

5) [verb] to take into account; to consider.

6) [verb] to be able to.

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Ūru (ಊರು):—

1) [verb] to establish oneself firmly at; to settle oneself in a place.

2) [verb] to set firmly (as a plant, a pole, etc.) into the ground.

3) [verb] to fix firmly in a position.

4) [verb] to bite; to sting.

5) [verb] to pierce; to stab.

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Ūru (ಊರು):—

1) [verb] to flow or leak out slowly.

2) [verb] (saliva) to secrete.

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Ūru (ಊರು):—

1) [noun] a town a) a group of houses; a village; b) a more or less concentrated group of houses and private buildings, larger than a village but smaller than a city; c) a city or other thickly populated urban place;2) [noun] ಊರ ಕೋಣ [ura kona] ūra kōṇa a male buffalo let out free to grow on its own in the town in the name of the town-goddess; 2. (fig.) a man living on other’s labour, leading a roguish life; ಊರಬಟ್ಟೆ [urabatte] ūra baṭṭe a road to or from a town; ಊರ ಚಿಂತೆ ಕಟ್ಟಿಕೊಂಡು ವೀರಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಬಡವಾದ [ura cimte kattikomdu virashetti badavada] ūra cinte kaṭṭikoṇḍu vīraśeṭṭi baḍavāda (prov.) = ಊರ ದನ ಕಾಯ್ದು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಬೋರೇಗೌಡ ಅನ್ನಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ [ura dana kaydu dodda boregauda annisikomda]; ಊರಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊಲಗೇರಿ [uriddalli holageri] ūriddalli holagēri (prov.) there are harmful, wicked people everywhere; ಊರಿಗೆ ಅರಸನಾದರೂ ತಾಯಿಗೆ ಮಗ [urige arasanadaru tayige maga] ūrige arasanadrū tāyige maga (prov.) however great a man be, still he is a son for his mother; social or political status cannot spoil thepersonal relation witne’s mother. ಊರಿಗೆ ಬಂದವಳು ನೀರಿಗೆ ಬರಲಾರಳೆ [urige bamdavalu nirige baralarale]? ūrige bandavaḷu nīrige baralāraḷe (prov.) be patient till it happens completely, it will certainly happen in the natural sequence; ನೀರು ಇದ್ದರೆ ಊರು, ನಾರಿ ಇದ್ದರೆ ಮನೆ [niru iddare uru, nari iddare mane] nīru iddare ūru, nāri iddare mane (prov.) a house without a lady is a nothing but a desert as a town without water; ಊರು ಸೂರೆಯಾದಮೇಲೆ ಕೋಟೆ ಬಾಗಿಲು ಹಾಕಿದರು [uru sureyadamele kote bagilu hakidaru] ūru sūreyāda mēle kōṭe bāgilu hākidaru (prov.) to prescribe preventive medicine after the patient is dead; to try to stop the leak after the entire wine is run out; shut the stable door when the steed is stolen; ಊರ ಮುಂದೆ ನೇಗಿಲು ಹೂಡಿದರೆ ಕಂಡಕಂಡವರಿಂದ ಒಂದೊಂದು ಮಾತು [ura mumde negilu hudidare kamdakamdavarimda omdomdu matu] ūramunde nēgilu huḍidare kaṇḍakaṇḍavarida ondondu mātu (prov.) public work always draws lot of criticism; a house build by the way side is either too high or too low; ಊರು ಹೊಲಗೇರಿ ಒಂದು ಮಾಡು [uru holageri omdu madu] ūru holagēri ondumāḍu (prov.) to make a great deal of noise; to raise hell; ಊರು ಹೋಗು ಅನ್ನು, ಕಾಡು ಬಾ ಅನ್ನು [uru hogu annu, kadu ba annu] ūru hōgu annu, kāḍu bā annu (prov.) to be in the last stage of one’s life; to have one foot already in the grave; hence show no interest or pretend not interested, in worldly matters); ಊರು ಓಡುತ್ತೆ ಅಂತ ಕುರುಡ ಓಡಿದರೆ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಬೀಳುತ್ತಾನೆ [uru odutte amta kuruda odidare kelage biluttane] ūru ōḍutte anta kuruḍa ōḍidare keḷage bīḷuttāne (prov.) do try not run behind others unless you can; your capacity and knowledge must guide you rather than what others do; ಊರ ಗುದ್ದಲಿ ತಂದು ನಾಡ ಕಾಲುವೆ ಅಗೆದ [ura guddali tamdu nada kaluve ageda] ūra guddali tandu nāḍa kāluve ageda (prov.) he strives hard to get name undertaking public welfare job by using public resources; ಊರಲ್ಲಿ ತಿರಿದುಣ್ಣು, ನನ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಪದಹಾಡು [uralli tiridunnu, nannalli padahadu] ūralli tiriduṇṇu, nannalli padahēḷu (prov.) let other take care of you, but let your labour be for me; ಊರು ಸೇರಿದ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾರಿಯ ಹಂಗೇಕೆ [uru serida mele dariya hamgeke]? ūru sēridamēle dāriya haŋgēke (prov.) to be an ingrate; kick the ladder once you reach the top; ಊರು ನೋಡಿ ಬಾ ಅಂದರೆ, ತೋರಣ ಕಟ್ಟಿ ಬಂದ [uru nodi ba amdare, torana katti bamda] ūru nōḍi bāa ndare, tōraṇa kaṭṭi banda (prov.) to do something that is not asked to or required; ಊರು ಮಾಡಿದ ಕೊಳಗ, ತಾಯಿ ಮಾಡಿದ ಹೊಟ್ಟೆ [uru madida kolaga, tayi madida hotte] ūru māḍida koḷaga, tāyi māḍida hoṭṭe (prov.) mother is the architect of her children; ಊರ ದನ ಕಾಯ್ದು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಬೋರೇಗೌಡ ಅನ್ನಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ [ura dana kaydu dodda boregauda annisikomda] ūra dana kāydu doḍḍa borēgauḍa annisikoṇḍa (prov.) the fool is busy in every man’s business but his own; ಊರ ಸುದ್ದಿ ಕಟ್ಟಿಕೊಂಡು ಕೊತ್ವಾಲ ಬಡವಾದ [ura suddi kattikomdu kotvala badavada] ūra suddi kaṭṭikoṇḍu kotvāla baḍavāda (prov.) = ಊರ ದನ ಕಾಯ್ದು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಬೋರೇಗೌಡ ಅನ್ನಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ [ura dana kaydu dodda boregauda annisikomda]; ಊರಿಗೆ ಹಬ್ಬವಾದರೆ ನಾಯಿಗೆ ಲೊಳಲೊಟ್ಟೆ [urige habbavadare nayige lolalotte] ūrige habbavādare, nayige loḷaloṭṭe (prov.) when the rich have a feast, the poor lick the plate; ಊರಿಗೆ ಉಪಕಾರಿ, ಮನೆಗೆ ಮಾರಿ [urige upakari, manege mari] ūrige upakāri, manege māri (prov.) the hen that cackles in your house and lays in another’s; ಹೋಗದ ಊರಿನ ದಾರಿ ಕೇಳು [hogada urina dari kelu] hōgada ūrina dāri kēḷū (prov.) to labour for getting unnecessary thing; ಊರು ಉಪಕಾರ ಅರಿಯದು, ಹೆಣ ಶೃಂಗಾರ ಅರಿಯದು [uru upakara ariyadu, hena shrimgara ariyadu] ūru upkāra ariyadu, heṇa śřŋgāra ariyadu (prov.) the public service never brings appreciation and dead body can never recognise the decoration on it; ಊರು ಬೇರೆಯಾದರೂ ಪ್ರಾರಬ್ಧ ಬೇರೆಯೇ [uru bereyadaru prarabdha bereye]? ūru bēreyādarū prārabdha bēreyē (prov.) change of cloth can never change your destiny; ಊರ ಬಾಗಿಲು ಮುಚ್ಚಬಹುದು, ದೂರುವ ಬಾಯಿಯನ್ನು ಮುಚ್ಚಲಾಗದು [ura bagilu muccabahudu, duruva bayiyannu muccalagadu] ūra bāgilu mucca bahudu,dūruva bāyiyannu muccalāgadu (prov.) one can control the newspapers, but cannot control gossiping; ಊರ ಮೇಲೆ ಊರು ಬಿದ್ದರೆ ಶಾನುಭೋಗನಿಗೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೇನು [ura mele uru biddare shanubhoganige kettiddenu]? ūra mēle ūru biddare, śanubhōganige keṭṭiddēnu? (prov.) to be unconcerned to any disaster that may befall the outside world, as long as your interests are not affected; ಊರೆಲ್ಲಾ ತಿರಿದು ಜೂಲುನಾಯಿಗೆ ಹಾಕಿದ [urella tiridu julunayige hakida] ūrrellā tiridu jūlunāyige hākida (prov.) be a slave to the entire town to bring up a dog; ಊರೆಲ್ಲಾ ನೆಂಟರು, ಉಣ್ಣಲಿಕ್ಕುವವರಿಲ್ಲ [urella nemtaru, unnalikkuvavarilla] ūrellā neṇṭaru, uṇṇalikkuvavarilla (prov.) be amidst a large number of kith and kin, still lonely and helpless; ಬಾಯಿ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದದರೆ ಊರು ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದು [bayi olleyadadare uru olleyadu] bāyi oḷḷeyadādare ūru oḷḷeyadu (prov.) people are good to you if you are good to them; ಊರಕ್ಕಿ ಊರಬೇಳೆ ಉಂಡು ಹೋಗೆ ಮಾರವ್ವ [urakki urabele umdu hoge maravva] ūrakki ūra bēḷe uṇḍu hōge māravva (prov.) I host a feast for you at the cost of the others, but let the credit be mine; ಊರಿನವರಿಗೆಲ್ಲಾ ಒಂದು ದಾರಿಯಾದರೆ, ಎಡವಟ್ಟನಿಗೇ ಒಂದು ದಾರಿ [urinavarigella omdu dariyadare, edavattanige omdu dari] ūrinavarigellā ondu dāriyādare, eḍavaṭṭanigē ondu dāri (prov.) stupidity is the unique way a stupid has; ಊರಿಗೆಲ್ಲಾ ಒಬ್ಬನೇ ಸೆಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲ [urigella obbane settiyalla] ūigellā obbanē settiyalla = ಊರಿಗೆಲ್ಲಾ ಒಬ್ಬಳೇ ಪದ್ಮಾವತಿಯಲ್ಲ [urigella obbale padmavatiyalla]; ಊರಿಗೆಲ್ಲಾ ಒಬ್ಬಳೇ ಪದ್ಮಾವತಿಯಲ್ಲ [urigella obbale padmavatiyalla] ūrigellā obbaḷē padmāvatiyalla (fig.) to not be the only person who is important in a situation or in a group; ಊರಿಗೆಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾರು [urigella saru] ūrigellā sāru (fig.) to tell everyone about something.

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Ūru (ಊರು):—[noun] that part of the leg in humans between the knee and the hip; the thigh.

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Ūṟu (ಊಱು):—

1) [verb] to establish oneself firmly at; to settle oneself in a place.

2) [verb] to set firmly (as a plant, a pole, etc.) into the ground.

3) [verb] to fix firmly in a position.

4) [verb] to bite; to sting.

5) [verb] to pierce; to stab.

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Ūṟu (ಊಱು):—

1) [verb] to flow or leak out slowly; to ooze.

2) [verb] (saliva) to secrete.

3) [verb] to become excessive; to enlarge (oneself); to grow huge.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Discover the meaning of uru in the context of Kannada from relevant books on Exotic India

Tamil dictionary

Source: DDSA: University of Madras: Tamil Lexicon

Uru (உரு) [uruttal] 11 intransitive verb

1. To get angry, to be provoked; to exhibit signs of anger; பெ ருஞ்சினங்கொள்ளுதல். ஒருபக லெல்லா முருத்தெழுந்து [pe runchinangolluthal. orupaga lella muruthezhunthu] (கலித்தொகை [kalithogai] 39, 23).

2. To burn, smart; அழலுதல். ஆக முருப்ப நூறி [azhaluthal. aga muruppa nuri] (புறநானூறு [purananuru] 25, 10).

3. To become ripe, mature; முதிர்தல். பண்டை யூழ்வினை யுருத் தென் [muthirthal. pandai yuzhvinai yuruth then] (சிலப்பதிகாரம் அரும்பதவுரை [silappathigaram arumbathavurai] 16, 217). — transitive

1. To be angry with; கோபித்தல். ஒன்வாட்டானை யுருந்தெழுந்தன்று [kopithal. onvattanai yurunthezhunthanru] (புறப்பொருள்வெண்பாமாலை [purapporulvenpamalai] 3, 2).

2. To bear likeness to, resemble; ஒத்தல். நின்புக ழுருவின கை [othal. ninpuga zhuruvina kai] (பரிபாடல் [paripadal] 3, 32).

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Uru (உரு) noun < உரு¹-. [uru¹-.]

1. Fear; அச்சம். உருவுட்காகும் [acham. uruvudkagum] (தொல். சொல். [thol. sol.] 302).

2. Leech; அட்டை. (பிங்கலகண்டு) [attai. (pingalagandu)]

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Uru (உரு) noun < rūpa. [Malayalam: uru.]

1. Form, shape, figure; வடிவு. அற்றே தவத்திற் குரு [vadivu. arre thavathir kuru] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 261).

2. Beauty of form, loveliness, attractiveness; வடிவழகு. உருவுடைக் கன்னியரைப் போல [vadivazhagu. uruvudaig kanniyaraip pola] (நாலடியார் [naladiyar], 274).

3. Body; உடல். உருவினி னிறைந்து நின்று [udal. uruvini nirainthu ninru] (சிவஞானசித்தியார் சுபக்ஷம் [sivagnanasithiyar supagsham] 4, 17).

4. Idol; விக்கிரகம். தேவதார்ச்சனை தாம் பண்ணல்போ லுருப்பல பரப்பி [vikkiragam. thevatharchanai tham pannalpo luruppala parappi] (பிரபோதசந்திரோதயம் [pirapothasandirothayam] 11, 12).

5. Colour; நிறம். பல்வே றுருவின் வனப்பமைகோ தை [niram. palve ruruvin vanappamaigo thai] (பத்துப்பாட்டு: குறிஞ்சிப்பாட்டு [pathuppattu: kurinchippattu] 103).

6. That which appears in outline; உருவமுள்ளது. உருவுயி ரென்னின் [uruvamullathu. uruvuyi rennin] (சிவஞானசித்தியார் சுபக்ஷம் [sivagnanasithiyar supagsham] 4, 9).

7. Decorative work in wood carved with the chisel; உளியாற்செய்த சித்திரவேலை. சிற் றுளிகள் சென்று செத்தின உருக்க ளழுந்தின . . . குறடு [uliyarseytha sithiravelai. sir ruligal senru sethina urukka lazhunthina . . . kuradu] (பத்துப்பாட்டு [pathuppattu] 252, உரை [urai]).

8. Repetition of a prayer, an incantation or a lesson; பலமுறை செய்யும் அனுசந்தானம். உருவெண்ணு மந்தியால் [palamurai seyyum anusanthanam. uruvennu manthiyal] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் இயற். [nalayira thivyappirapandam iyar.] 1, 33).

9. Music, song, musical composition; இசைப்பாட்டு. தாளத்தின் வழியுரு வெடுத்து [isaippattu. thalathin vazhiyuru veduthu] (உத்தரரா. சீதைவ. [utharara. sithaiva.] 25).

10. Schooner, sloop, small vessel; தோணி. ஐந்து உரு வருகிறது. [thoni. ainthu uru varugirathu.] Colloq.

11. Gold bead or other ornament strung on either side of the marriage badge; தாலிமுதலிய வற்றிற் கோக்கும் உரு. தாலியுரு. [thalimuthaliya varrir kokkum uru. thaliyuru.] Colloq.

12. Embryo; கரு. [karu.] (W.)

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Uru (உரு) [uruttal] 11 intransitive verb < உரு³. [uru³.]

1. To appear, come into existence; தோன்றுதல். உம்மை வினைவந் துருத்த லொழி யாதெனும் [thonruthal. ummai vinaivan thurutha lozhi yathenum] (மணிமேகலை [manimegalai] 26, 32).

2. To sprout, shoot up; முளைத்தல். (திவா.) [mulaithal. (thiva.)]

3. To take shape, assume a form; உருவெடுத்தல். அறமுருத் தனையான் [uruveduthal. aramuruth thanaiyan] (அரிசமய தீபம் பரகால. [arisamaya thipam paragala.] 91).

4. To issue forth, flow up, well, as a spring; சுரத்தல். உருத்துருத் தமுதூற்றிருந்து [surathal. uruthuruth thamuthurrirunthu] (உபதேசகாண்டம் அயமுகி. [upathesagandam ayamugi.] 16).

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Uru (உரு) [uruttal] 11 intransitive verb cf. uru. To increase; மிகுதல். (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [miguthal. (sudamaninigandu)]

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Uru (உரு) noun < ruru. Deer; மான். கானிடை யுருவைச் சுடுசரந் துரந்து [man. kanidai yuruvais sudusaran thuranthu] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் பெரியதி. [nalayira thivyappirapandam periyathi.] 1, 4, 2).

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Uṟu (உறு) [uṟutal] 6 verb [K. uṟu.] intransitive

1. To be, exist; இருத்தல். [iruthal.]

2. To happen, occur, befall, as good or evil; சம்பவித்தல். மெய்த்திருவந் துற்றா லும் [sambavithal. meythiruvan thurra lum] (நளவெண்பா சுயம். [nalavenpa suyam.] 5).

3. To dwell, reside; தங்கு தல். [thangu thal.]

4. To be desirable, useful, worthy of choice; நன்மையாதல். இரவாமை கோடி யுறும் [nanmaiyathal. iravamai kodi yurum] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 1061).

5. To be permanent, lasting, stable; உறுதியாதல். வேல்வா யுயிர்வழங்கும் வாழ்க் கை யுறும் [uruthiyathal. velva yuyirvazhangum vazhk kai yurum] (புறப்பொருள்வெண்பாமாலை [purapporulvenpamalai] 2, 13).

6. To suffer; வருந்துதல். [varunthuthal.] (பழமொழி [pazhamozhi] 226.)

7. To pass in one’s mind; மனத்தினிகழ்தல். நினக்குறுவது சொல்லுதி [manathinigazhthal. ninakkuruvathu solluthi] (கம்பராமாயணம் கும்பக. [kambaramayanam kumbaga.] 325).

8. To be numerous; மிகுதல். பல் லெலா முறத்தோன்றும் பகுவாயாள் [miguthal. pal lela murathonrum paguvayal] (கம்பராமாயணம் சூர்ப்ப. [kambaramayanam surppa.] 138).

9. To be infructuous, damaged, spoiled; பழமொழிுதுபடுதல். [pazhuthupaduthal.] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 662.)

10. To be attached, devoted to; சார்ந்திருத்தல். அங்குற்றே னல்லேன் [sarnthiruthal. angurre nallen] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் திருவாய்மொழி [nalayira thivyappirapandam thiruvaymozhi] 5, 8, 2).

11. To join, associate with; பத்துப்பாட்டு: பொருநராற்றுப்படை்துதல். நீலகேசிுறு மணிசெய் மாடம் [porunthuthal. niluru manisey madam] (இரகுவமிசம் நகரப். [iraguvamisam nagarap.] 42).

12. To touch, come in contact with; படுதல். நெருப்புற்றபோல [paduthal. neruppurrapola] (சீவகசிந்தாமணி [sivagasindamani] 2339).

13. To move towards a point; ஓரிடம் அடைதல். எங்குற்றா யென்றபோதா லிங்குற்றேனென் கண்டாயே [oridam adaithal. engurra yenrapotha lingurrenen kandaye] (தேவாரம் [thevaram] 1190, 8). — transitive

1. To perceive by touch; பரிசித்தல். கண்டுகேட் டுண்டுயிர்த் துற்றறியும் [parisithal. kanduged dunduyirth thurrariyum] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 1101).

2. To love; அன்புகொள்ளுதல். யாமுற்றா லுறா அதவர் [anpugolluthal. yamurra lura athavar] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 1245).

3. To resemble; ஒத்தல். உண்டுபொழி லிமையவர்க ளுலக முறுவதுவே [othal. undupozhi limaiyavarka lulaga muruvathuve] (சீவகசிந்தாமணி [sivagasindamani] 1780).

4. To begin, commence, start, usually with a verbal noun; தொடங்குதல். யான் மொழிய லுற்றேன் [thodanguthal. yan mozhiya lurren] (கம்பராமாயணம் நாட்டுப். [kambaramayanam nattup.] 1).

5. To approach, gain access to, reach; அடைதல். [adaithal.]

6. To suffer, gather experience; அனுபவித்தல். உற்றலாற் கயவர்தேறார் [anupavithal. urralar kayavartherar] (தேவாரம் [thevaram] 523, 8)

7. To think; நினைத்தல். வில்லு மல்லதிழைக்சலுறாள் [ninaithal. villu mallathizhaigsalural] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் பெரிய.ாழ். [nalayira thivyappirapandam periyazh.] 3, 7, 8).

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Uṟu (உறு) adjectival < உறு-. [uru-.] Much, abundant, copious; மிக்க. உறு . . . மிகுதிசெய்யும்பொருள் [mikka. uru . . . miguthiseyyumborul] (தொல். சொல். [thol. sol.] 301).

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Ūru (ஊரு) noun < ūru. Thigh; தொடை. அவ ளைத்தன் னூருமிசை யேற்றி [thodai. ava laithan nurumisai yerri] (கந்தபு. அயிராணிசோ. [kanthapu. ayiraniso.] 7).

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Ūṟu (ஊறு) [ūṟutal] 5 intransitive verb [Telugu: ūru, Kanarese, Malayalam: ūṟu.]

1. To spring, flow, as water in a well; to issue; நீரூறுதல். [niruruthal.] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 396.)

2. To ooze, percolate; கசிதல். [kasithal.] (W.)

3. To soak; to be steeped, pickled; ஊறுகாய்ப் பதமாதல். [urugayp pathamathal.]

4. To gather, as milk in the breast, as toddy in palm flowers; பால் முதலியன சுரத்தல். [pal muthaliyana surathal.]

5. To run; to spread, as ink on flimsy paper; to keep, as moisture around a spring or in a river bank; மை முதலியன வூறுதல். [mai muthaliyana vuruthal.]

6. To form, as new flesh in a sore; to heal; காயத்தில் ஊன்வளர்தல். [kayathil unvalarthal.] (W.)

7. To increase, as flesh in a person wasted by disease; to improve by slow degrees; மெலிந்தவுடல் தேறுதல். [melinthavudal theruthal.] (W.)

8. To increase; பெருகுதல். அவனுக்குச் செல்வம் ஊறுகிறது. [peruguthal. avanukkus selvam urugirathu.]

9. To water, as the mouth; வாயூறுதல். கனிகாண்டொறு மூறுமேயெயிறூறுமே [vayuruthal. kanigandoru murumeyeyirurume] (சூளாமணி சுயம். [sulamani suyam.] 66).

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Ūṟu (ஊறு) noun < உறு-. [uru-.]

1. Joining, approaching; உறுகை. பருந்தூ றளப்ப [urugai. parunthu ralappa] (பதிற்றுப்பத்து [pathirruppathu] 51, 32).

2. Sense of touch; பரிசம். சுவையொளி யூறோசை [parisam. suvaiyoli yurosai] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 27).

3. Obstacle, hindrance, obstruction; இடையூறு. (திவா.) [idaiyuru. (thiva.)]

4. Evil, blight; துன் பம். ஊறுசெய் நெஞ்சம் [thun pam. urusey nencham] (நாலடியார் [naladiyar], 379).

5. Killing, murder; கொலை. ஊறு தான்செயக் கூடுறாது [kolai. uru thanseyag kudurathu] (கந்தபு. சூரனமைச். [kanthapu. suranamais.] 115).

6. Ruin, destruction; நாசம். இருவினைக் கூறுகாண்கிலாது [nasam. iruvinaig kurugankilathu] (கம்பராமாயணம் வாலிவதைப் [kambaramayanam valivathaip] 22).

7. Body; உடம்பு. அரவூறு சுலாய் [udambu. aravuru sulay] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் திருவாய்மொழி [nalayira thivyappirapandam thiruvaymozhi] 7, 4, 2).

8. Scar, wound, hurt, injury inflicted by violence; காயம். ஊறறியாமெய் யாக் கையொடு [kayam. urariyamey yag kaiyodu] (புறநானூறு [purananuru] 167, 6).

9. Royal falcon. See வல்லூறு. பறவையை யூறுகொண்டெழச் சிரற்றின பார்ப்பினில் [valluru. paravaiyai yurugondezhas sirarrina parppinil] (கம்பராமாயணம் கும்ப. [kambaramayanam kumba.] 268).

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Uru (உரு) noun Lime tree; எலுமிச்சை. (சித். அக.) [elumichai. (sith. aga.)]

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Uru (உரு) noun < rūpa. Nature; தன்மை. [thanmai.] (ஈடு-முப்பத்தாறுயிரப்படி [idu-muppatharuyirappadi], 1, 5, 3, ஜீ. பக். [ji. pag.] 232.)

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Uru (உரு) noun < uru. Largeness; width; அகலம். (நாநார்த்த.) [agalam. (nagarthathipigai)]

context information

Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.

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