Shakara, Sākāra, Śakāra, Sakara, Śakara, Sākārā: 18 definitions

Introduction:

Shakara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Śakāra and Śakara can be transliterated into English as Sakara or Shakara, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Shakar.

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In Hinduism

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

1) Śakāra (शकार) refers to a type of gait (gati) according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 13.—“Gait (gati) of the Śakāra will consist of proud but ordinary steps, and while walking he will touch his clothes and ornaments and often look at them, and due to an unnatural motion of his body, his garlands, and suspended parts of the clothes are to flutter to and fro”.

2) Śakāra (शकार) refers to one of the seven “minor dialects” (vibhāṣā) in language used in dramatic composition (nāṭya), according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 18.

3) Śakāra (शकार) refers to a character of a dramatic play (nāṭya), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 35. Accordingly, “the Śakāra is one who wears gaudy (lit. brilliant) clothes and ornaments and grows angry without adequate reason and gets pacified likewise, and who is an inferior character and speaks Māgadhī and has manifold changes in his conduct”.

Natyashastra book cover
context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Sākārā (साकारा) refers to one of the six Goddesses (parā-ṣaṭka) associated with Avyaktapīṭha (i.e., ‘the unmanifest seat’ representing the act of churning—manthāna), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] The six Goddesses (parāṣaṭka): Sākārā, Nirākārā, Ekamātrā, Dvimātrā, Trimātrā, Ardhamātrā

Shaktism book cover
context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)

Sākāra (साकार) refers to the “aspects (of cognition)”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī 2.131-132.—Accordingly, “[...] For this very reason, in our system the [Buddhist] externalist’s claim that a concept involves no real manifestation cannot be accepted at all: since the proponent of the theory that cognition has aspects (sākāra-jñāna-vādin) says that a concept is [immediately] manifest in itself [insofar as every cognition is immediately aware of itself,] even though with respect to the object, [this concept] is a [mere] determination, how could it have a nonexistent manifestation? So enough with this”.

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdomlib Libary: Vajrayana

Sakara or Saroruha is the name of a mahāsiddha, of which eighty-four in total are recognized in Vajrayāna (tantric buddhism). His title is “the lotus-born”. He lived somewhere between the 8th and the 12th century AD.

These mahāsiddhas (e.g., Sakara) are defined according to the Abhayadatta Sri (possibly Abhayākaragupta) tradition. Its textual origin traces to the 11th century caturāsiti-siddha-pravṛtti, or “the lives of the eighty-four siddhas”, of which only Tibetan translations remains. Sakara (and other Mahāsiddhas) are the ancient propounders of the textual tradition of tantric or Vajrayana Buddhism.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

[«previous next»] — Shakara in Pali glossary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Sākāra, (adj.) (sa3+ākāra) with its characteristics D. I, 13; III, 111; M. I, 35; Pug. 60; Vism. 423 (+sa-uddesa). (Page 702)

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

śākāra (शाकार).—Properly śēkāra &c.

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sakāra (सकार).—m (svīkāra through H) Acceptance of a hunḍi. 2 Endorsement of a hunḍi, noting acceptance.

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sākara (साकर).—f ē Sugar. See, for phrases and for compounds and derivatives, the more approved form sākhara.

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sākāra (साकार).—a (S sa With, ākāra Shape.) That has a form or shape; of a definite figure, figurate.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

śākāra (शाकार).—See śēkāra, &c.

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sākāra (साकार).—a That has a form or shape.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Śakara (शकर).—See शकल (śakala) (1); मांसान्यस्य शकराणि (māṃsānyasya śakarāṇi) Bṛ. Up.3.9.28.

Derivable forms: śakaram (शकरम्).

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Śakāra (शकार).—The brother of a king's concubine, the brother-in-law of a king by a wife not regularly married (anūḍhāūbhrātṛ); (he is usually represented as a strange mixture of pride, folly, and vanity, of low family, and raised to power by reason of his relation to the king. In the Mṛchchhakaṭika of Śūdraka where he plays a prominent part, his characters is well exhibited in his lightness and frivolity of spirit, vain-glory, constant reference to his high connection, his blundering and ludicrous folly, but withal cruelty enough to throttle the heroine when she refused to yield to his desire; S. D. thus defines him:-मदमूर्खताभिमानी दुष्कुल- तैश्वर्यसंयुक्तः । सोऽयमनूढाभ्राता राज्ञः श्यालः शकार इत्युक्तः (madamūrkhatābhimānī duṣkula- taiśvaryasaṃyuktaḥ | so'yamanūḍhābhrātā rājñaḥ śyālaḥ śakāra ityuktaḥ) || 81.

Derivable forms: śakāraḥ (शकारः).

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Sakara (सकर).—a.

1) Having hands.

2) Bearing taxes.

3) Having tusks or a trunk.

4) Full of rays; L. D. B.

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Sakāra (सकार).—a. Active, energetic; Śiśupālavadha 19.27.

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Sākāra (साकार).—a.

1) Having a definite shape or figure.

2) Beautiful.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Sakara (सकर).—adj. = Sanskrit sakala, all:…bhavet sakara iya mahī Lalitavistara 122.17 (verse), this whole earth would be…; only one ms. with Calcutta (see LV.) sakala.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śakāra (शकार).—m.

(-raḥ) 1. A silly brother-in-law of a Raja. 2. The brother of a king’s concubine.

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Sakara (सकर).—mfn.

(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) 1. Bearing or returning tax or toll. 2. Having rays, &c. E. sa with, kara tax, &c.

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Sākāra (साकार).—mfn.

(-raḥ-rī-raṃ) Having form or shape. E. sa with, ākāra form.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śakāra (शकार).—m. A silly brotherin-law of a king.

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Sakara (सकर).—adj. 1. bearing toll. 2. with rays.

Sakara is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms sa and kara (कर).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śakara (शकर).—[neuter] = seq. [masculine] [neuter]

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Śakāra (शकार).—[masculine] the sound śa; ([drama]) the brother of a king’s concubine (who pronounces śa instead of sa or ṣa).

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Sakāra (सकार).—[masculine] the sound sa.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Śakāra (शकार):—[=śa-kāra] [from śa] 1. śa-kāra m. (for 2. See p.1045) the letter or sound śa, [Prātiśākhya]

2) [from śaka] 2. śakāra m. (for 1. See under 1. śa) a descendant of the Śakas, a Śaka, [Patañjali on Pāṇini 4-i, 130]

3) [v.s. ...] a king’s brother-in-law through one of his inferior wives ([especially] in the drama represented as a foolish, frivolous, proud, low, and cruel man, such as is Saṃsthānaka in the Mṛcchakaṭikā, he speaks the dialect of the Śakas id est. Śākārī, which employs the sibilant ś, exclusively ; hence Śakāra [according to] to some, is for, ‘Śa-kāra’, one who uses the letter Śa), [Bharata-nāṭya-śāstra; Daśakumāra-carita; Sāhitya-darpaṇa etc.]

4) Śakara (शकर):—See next.

5) Śakāra (शकार):—a 1. 2. See under 1. śa and 3. śaka.

6) Ṣakāra (षकार):—[=ṣa-kāra] [from ṣa] m. the letter or sound ṣa, [Prātiśākhya]

7) Sakāra (सकार):—[=sa-kāra] [from sa] 1. sa-kāra m. the sound or letter s, [Prātiśākhya]

8) [=sa-kāra] [from sa] 2. sa-kāra m. idem

9) Sakara (सकर):—[=sa-kara] [from sa > sa-kaṅkaṭa] 1. sa-kara mfn. having hands, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

10) [v.s. ...] possessing a trunk (as an elephant), [ib.]

11) [v.s. ...] 2. sa-kara mfn. having rays, full of rays, [Horace H. Wilson]

12) [v.s. ...] bearing tax, liable to pay taxes, [ib.]

13) Sakāra (सकार):—[=sa-kāra] [from sa > sa-kaṅkaṭa] 3. sa-kāra mfn. (for 1. and 2. See p.1111) active, energetic, [Śiśupāla-vadha xix, 17.]

14) Sākāra (साकार):—mf(ā)n. having form, having any shape or definite figure, [Kathāsaritsāgara; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]

15) having a fair form, beautiful (am ind.), [Harivaṃśa; Pañcatantra; Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Śakāra (शकार):—(raḥ) 1. m. King’s fool or brother-in-law.

2) Sakara (सकर):—[sa-kara] (raḥ-rā-raṃ) a. Yielding a tax; having rays.

3) Sākāra (साकार):—[sā+kāra] (raḥ-rī-raṃ) a. Having a form.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Sākāra (साकार) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sāgāra.

[Sanskrit to German]

Shakara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Shakara in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Śakara (शकर):—(nf) sugar; ~[kaṃda] sweet potato; ~[khora] who has a taste for or is addicted to sweets; ~[jabāna] sweet-spoken; ~[dānī] a sugar pot; ~[pārā] a kind of sweet (or saltish) preparation of fried flour.

2) Śakāra (शकार) [Also spelled shakar]:—(nm) the consonant [śa] and its sound; ~[rāṃta] (word) ending in `[ś]'.

3) Ṣakāra (षकार):—(nm) the letter [ṣa] and its sound; ~[rāṃta] (a word) ending in [].

4) Sakara (सकर):—(nf) sugar; ~[kaṃda/kaṃdī] sweet potato; ~[pārā/pālā] a kind of lozenge-shaped sweet (or saltish) fried preparation.

5) Sakarā (सकरा):—(a) see [sakharā.].

6) Sakāra (सकार) [Also spelled sakar]:—(nm) the letter [sa] and its sound; acceptance; ~[ranā] to accept; ~[rāṃta] (a word) ending in [sa; rātmaka] positive, affirmative; •[aura nakārātmaka] affirmative positive and negative; hence [] (nf).

7) Sākāra (साकार) [Also spelled sakar]:—(a) formal, having a form; concrete; ~[] the state of having a form; concreteness.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Śakāra (ಶಕಾರ):—[noun] the letter or the sound of the letter " ಶ0".

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Ṣakāra (ಷಕಾರ):—[noun] the letter or the sound of the letter "ಷ".

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Sakāra (ಸಕಾರ):—[noun] the letter or the sound of the letter "ಸ".

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Sākāra (ಸಾಕಾರ):—

1) [adjective] having form; not abstract.

2) [adjective] having good, attractive form; beautiful.

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Sākāra (ಸಾಕಾರ):—

1) [noun] the fact of having a form.

2) [noun] a being having a definite, tangible form.

3) [noun] (jain.) a kind of vow, under which one abstains from taking food for religious purpose.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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