Bedeutung von Gottheit

Das Buddhist Konzept von “Gottheit”

Im tibetischen Buddhismus werden Gottheiten als göttliche Wesen oder Prinzipien in spirituellen Praktiken und Erfahrungen thematisiert ^[1]. Diese Wesen, welche Praktizierende zu verkörpern suchen, repräsentieren den erleuchteten Zustand . Visuelle Darstellungen von Gottheiten entstehen bei Opfergaben, welche den Praktizierenden und ihre weiblichen Partner einbeziehen. Sie manifestieren sich oft in Mandalas, verkörpern heilige Elemente und Sinneserfahrungen . Diese Wesen schützen jene, die ihre Gelübde einhalten. Segnungen und Ermächtigungen innerhalb der Lehre sind mit Gottheiten verbunden . Der Silbe BHRUM symbolisiert den Palast spiritueller Wesen und ihre Verbindung zu tiefer Weisheit und Reinheit. Yogis und Yoginis visualisieren Gottheiten kreativ, um spirituelles Verständnis und Erfahrung zu erlangen .

Im Theravada-Buddhismus werden Gottheiten als Wesen mit sugati ahetuka patisandhi citta erwähnt, denen aber Macht und würdige Wohnstätten fehlen ^[2]. Sie sind in Erzählungen mit dem Schicksal menschlicher Charaktere verwoben ^[3]. Göttliche Wesen intervenieren, um Vessantara und seine Familie zu unterstützen und buddhistische Schutzthemen zu zeigen ^[4]. Sie bezeugen und beteiligen sich an den tugendhaften Handlungen der Sterblichen ^[5]. Ein göttliches Wesen erscheint, um Prinz Maha Paduma zu führen und zu unterstützen ^[6]. Vor und neben dem Buddhismus wurden übernatürliche Wesen von den Menschen in Ceylon verehrt . Der Buddha vergleicht das Aussehen der Licchavi-Prinzen mit Göttern in ihrem geschmückten Zustand ^[7]. Devas, oder Himmelswesen, bewohnen höhere Reiche, deren Existenzzustände zwar wünschenswert, aber dem Strom-Eintritt unterlegen sind ^[8]. Devas unterliegen dem Kreislauf von Geburt und Wiedergeburt wie Menschen ^[9].

Das Hindu Konzept von “Gottheit”

In Hinduism, the concept of "Gottheit" (or: "Die Gottheit") translates to divine beings or deities to whom offerings are made, with their attributes symbolically linked to different parts of the human body ^[10]. These deities are also those to whom sacrifices and offerings are directed, seeking their blessings and support during rituals ^[11]. A specific divine being is honored and invoked during sacrificial rites, receiving offerings in return for blessings ^[12]. The pantheon includes a range of divine figures representing nature's elements, such as Agni, Earth, Vayu, Air, Aditya, Sky, Candra, Stars, Food, and Water ^[13].

Furthermore, these divine entities are associated with aspects of Agni, including speech, sun, moon, quarters, and breath ^[14]. Divine entities are invited and honored throughout the sacrificial process, each playing a role in the rituals' success ^[15]. The offerings of the Purushamedha are directed towards divine beings to obtain blessings and the fulfillment of sacrifices ^[16]. In Vastushastra, the divine figures to which various Prasadas are dedicated include Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma, and others ^[17].

In Vaishnavism, "Gottheit" refers to a divine being or god, especially when the Lord approaches ^[18]. It can also be a divine being worshipped in various forms, particularly the Lord called Govinda ^[19]. The term also denotes the divine presence or form worshipped in the bhakti tradition, specifically Shri Hari ^[20]. In Vaishnavism, it is often the divine entity being worshipped, specifically Bhagavan ^[21]. Yajna-murti is a divine being associated with the act of sacrifice ^[22].

A supernatural being considered divine or sacred is often worshipped and honored by devotees ^[23]. It also represents a divine being or god that is worshipped or revered ^[24]. Further, it is a manifestation of a divine figure, worshiped and revered within the devotional practices of bhakti ^[25]. In some texts, it refers to Lord Balarama, who is revered and worshipped ^[26]. Gods or divine figures possess certain qualities and attributes that are revered in a religious context ^[27].

In Purana, divine beings are responsible for the spiritual governance and fate of mortals, associated with the punishment of the Vrishnis ^[28]. It also refers to the supreme being who created the universe and embodies various divine forms, including Narayana and Vishnu ^[29]. Disregard for these divine beings leads to a shorter lifespan ^[30]. These divine beings interact with the lady and the Grandsire in the narrative ^[31].

A supernatural being worshipped as controlling the aspects of the universe and human life is often included, with Yama identified as a chief of the gods ^[32]. Divine beings play a role in discussions about righteousness and duties ^[33]. They are capable of granting boons or blessings ^[34]. Celestial beings seek assistance against the Asura Taraka due to fear caused by his boons ^[35]. Maghavat is referenced as a significant figure among the deities ^[36].

Divine beings are revered within religious traditions and are often associated with embodiments of moral principles and Righteousness ^[37]. Offerings and praise are directed towards divine entities like Shiva and Brahma for protection against evil ^[38]. The prince interacts with and reveres a divine being throughout the narrative ^[39]. Supernatural beings or gods oppose the demons and seek to maintain balance ^[40]. Divine or spiritual beings are invoked throughout the healing processes and remedies ^[41]. The supreme being or divine entity reflects the divine mind and understanding associated with the teachings provided ^[42]. A deity signifies a divine figure responsible for creation, specifically linked to egoism ^[43].

Divine beings are revered in various rituals, including the sacrifices performed by King Harishcandra ^[44]. They express gratitude towards goddess Lalita after the destruction of Bhanda . They are worshipped in various rituals for protection, blessings, and spiritual progression . The divine figure or entity is worshiped during the Dipavali festival . These beings or gods are regarded in various forms of worship within spiritual beliefs . It is important not to curse these divine beings .

Divine figures are honored during the Soma sacrifice conducted by Cyavana . The text focuses on Vishnu as a divine being or god . Shiva and Parvati are worshipped during the ritual . Sundara Kunda is inhabited by various divine beings, including Vishnu and Shiva . They possess unique attributes and powers deserving of honor through hymns and prayers . Divine beings engage with the story's primary characters . Vishnu and other divine beings inhabit the holy places and are worshipped by devotees .

The well-being of divine entities is linked to the treatment of cows and the holiness of sacred places . Divine beings are worshipped through the Linga, believed to be pleased by sincere offerings and sacrifices . They bestow blessings and merits upon devotees through various rituals . Divine beings are to be propitiated through acts of devotion during Caturmasya . Various gods are worshipped through practices at Brahmakunda . Tripura's destruction affects these divine beings, showcasing the interconnectedness of his actions and the cosmos .

Bhishma constructed shrines for these divine beings, indicating ritual worship . The qualities of divine beings are mentioned concerning the attainment of Siddhi . Supernatural beings, including Amba and Vriddha, descended from the fire-pit to assist in fighting against the Kalayavanas . They sought to help Indra after he was cursed . Shiva and Vishnu are revered figures in Hinduism, and their worship confers great benefits . Devotees are advised to adore divine figures for relief from their grievances and dreams .

These beings are invoked for blessings and protection, considered manifestations of the Supreme Being . Their worship in Vahnitirtha yields more merit compared to other Tirthas . A divine spirit or god is central to the expressions of devotion in the text . Divine beings are present at the Yajna, highlighting the interconnectivity between the mortal and divine realms . A god or goddess is regarded in various belief systems and mythologies . Rama worshipped divine entities during the sacrifices after uniting his father's head with his body .

The elevated status attributed to a husband by a sati signifies his reverence in her life . Divine beings or gods are worshipped and revered in various rituals as part of spiritual practice . In Natyashastra, divine figures are referenced in the context of worship and devotion, contrasting with Yama . In Vedanta, the divine entity to whom the prastava is related ^[45]. Prana is the deity to whom the prastava is addressed, signifying its significance ^[46].

Divine beings are also represented in relation to whom vayu is important ^[47]. They do not require physical sustenance but are fulfilled by the essence of the nectar ^[48]. These celestial beings derive satisfaction from perceiving the nectar ^[49]. Divine beings are connected with the luminous regions sought after by those who meditate on Brahman ^[50]. In Shaktism, the mantra is directed to a divine entity, and its satisfaction is crucial for the success of purashcarana . In Shaivism, divine beings honor and worship the wearer of Rudraksha .

In Dharmashastra, these are divine beings or gods revered in the hymns and rituals of the Vedic texts ^[51]. A god or goddess to whom sacrifices and offerings are made is often invoked by name or in mantras ^[52]. These divine beings are revered and invoked during the sacrificial rituals involving food offerings ^[53]. Food is viewed as a divine entity, deserving of respect and worship ^[54]. These divine beings are acknowledged within the Vedic texts but often rejected by false philosophical systems ^[55].

Spiritual beings may receive offerings, but the fourteenth day is prohibited for offerings to deities except in certain cases ^[56]. Brahman and Vastoshpati are treated separately when making offerings ^[57]. A divine figure is revered in ritual performances, representing distinct aspects of the cosmos and human life ^[58]. Vasus, Rudras, and Adityas are honored during the sacrificial rites ^[59]. In Pancaratra, divine beings are worshipped and offered rituals alongside the main deity Vishnu ^[60].

Das Jain Konzept von “Gottheit”

In Jainism, a divine being aided Nandishena's spiritual quest, halting self-harm and providing guidance ^[61].

Der Begriff “Gottheit” in lokalen und regionalen Quellen

Die Gottheit in der Geschichte Indiens manifestiert sich in verschiedenen Formen. Verehrung fand Amma nach ihrem Tod, was ihre Bedeutung für die Familie unterstreicht ^[62]. Hanuman, eine heilige Figur, wurde von Tirumal Rao verehrt, was die Verbundenheit der Charaktere durch Hingabe verdeutlicht ^[63].

In Zeiten von Schmerz und Leid suchte man Trost und Verständnis bei einer Gottheit ^[64]. Oftmals wird die Gottheit in religiösen Kontexten als Realität dargestellt, als ein göttliches oder spirituelles Wesen ^[65]. Lord Jhulelal wird als Gott oder Göttin in religiösen Überzeugungen verehrt .

Die Gottheit ist im tantrischen Kontext zentral, wo der Praktizierende durch Rituale und Mantras eine Verbindung zu ihr herstellt ^[66]. In Süd-Asien wurde eine Gottheit in Tempeln verehrt und war von Bedeutung für die lokalen Bräuche ^[67].

Ein blinder Mann flehte um Hilfe bei einer Gottheit, was seine Verzweiflung und sein Vertrauen in höhere Mächte zeigte ^[68]. Eine Gottheit half dem Prinzen nach seinem Sprung in das Ölgefäß und leitete ihn auf seiner Suche ^[69].