Significance of Yamuna river
The Yamuna river holds great significance across various perspectives, particularly in Hinduism, where it is revered as a sacred watercourse. Associated with Lord Krishna's pastimes, it symbolizes love, devotion, and purity, deeply entwined with cultural and spiritual narratives. The river flows through vital geographical locations, such as Mathura, adding to its importance. Narratives portray it as a beautiful entity, integral to rituals and believed to possess purifying qualities, while also acknowledging contemporary pollution issues affecting its ecosystem.
In Dutch: Yamuna rivier
In Finnish: Yamuna joki
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Yamuna river'
In Buddhism, the Yamuna river symbolizes a site of purification and health, exemplified by the ceremonial bathing of infant Bakula, highlighting its significance in spiritual narratives related to health and longevity.
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) A river in India significant to the narrative, where the infant Bakula was ceremonially bathed for health and longevity.[1]
Hindu concept of 'Yamuna river'
The Yamuna River in Hinduism is a sacred water body, renowned for its spiritual significance, rituals, and association with Lord Krishna's pastimes, embodying purity, beauty, and devotion within the cultural and geographical context of Vraja.
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) A significant river mentioned in the text, which serves as a geographical reference point.[2] (2) A river, personified as Sri Yamuna, known for its sacredness and connection to Lord Krishna.[3] (3) A sacred river in India that holds significant spiritual importance, especially for bathing and devotion during the brahma muhurta.[4] (4) The Yamuna river, referred to as 'kalindim', is a significant water body in the text.[5] (5) A river personified in the text as a beautiful entity adorned with flowers.[6]
From: Prem Sagar (English translation)
(1) The river where Nanda Jee bathes, significant for the events involving Varoonù.[7] (2) The river near which Shri Krishna was standing, symbolizing the natural surroundings of the setting.[8] (3) A sacred river where Oodho goes to purify himself, signifying the importance of ritual and spiritual practice in his journey.[9] (4) The river that serves as the backdrop for the festivities and symbolizes divine beauty in the narrative.[10] (5) A sacred river where the bathing and rituals of the women of Vraja take place.[11]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) A sacred river in India, near which Lord Balarama enjoyed his pastimes in a beautiful garden.[12] (2) A river in India where the speaker enjoyed participating in activities.[13] (3) A river where Krishna and the cowherd boys went, and the cows and boys became afflicted by thirst.[14] (4) One of the three rivers that converge at Triveni; its riverbed is noted to be near Kancarapada.[15]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) A sacred river in India, noted for its cultural and spiritual significance.[16] (2) A sacred river, which serves as a geographical landmark in the text.[17] (3) A river referenced in the text where activities took place as part of the consolation efforts.[18] (4) the river that is visually represented by the salt ocean in the narrator's vision[19]
From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu
(1) A river that is described as having cool waters, where the intensity of heat from emotional separation is contrasted.[20] (2) Another sacred river, known for its connection to love and devotion, linked to the queen's emotional expressions.[21] (3) A sacred river mentioned as the setting for the Lord's wandering, significant in vedic traditions.[22]
From: Srila Gurudeva (The Supreme Treasure)
(1) A sacred river where Krishna's playful pastimes, such as stealing gopis' clothes, took place.[23] (2) The location near which Abhaya Caranaravinda Prabhu rented a room while staying in Mathura.[24]
From: Bhajana-Rahasya
(1) The river where Shri Radha went to soothe her affliction in the context of her feelings of separation from Krishna.[25]
From: Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation
(1) A geographical feature in the story's setting where critical events occur, including the appearance of the demoniac bird.[26]
From: Sri Krishna-Chaitanya
(1) A sacred river associated with Krishna's pastimes, often symbolizing the essence of spiritual consciousness.[27]
From: Bhagavata Purana
(1) A sacred river associated with Krishna’s pastimes, emphasizing its role in purification and divine interventions.[28] (2) The river near which Krishna and the cows were situated and later encountered adversity.[29] (3) The location where Lord Krishna and the Gopis engage in playful and amorous activities, including the Rasa dance.[30] (4) The sacred river where Dhruva was encouraged to perform his worship and penance.[31] (5) The sacred river where the maidens bathed and conducted their worship, symbolizing purity and devotion.[32]
From: Skanda Purana
(1) The daughter of the Sun-god, known for sanctifying worlds and destroying great sins.[33] (2) A sacred river where taking a holy dip is believed to rid an individual of all sins.[34] (3) The daughter of the Sun-god who emerged from the nether-worlds to accompany her father at the shrine.[35] (4) A sacred river where devotees are encouraged to take a holy bath on the day of Yama-dvitiya for their spiritual benefit.[36] (5) A holy river in Hinduism that is mentioned as part of the serene setting in the forest.[37]
From: Padma Purana
(1) A sacred river whose waters are believed to destroy sins and purify individuals who bathe or drink from it.[38] (2) A river symbolizing purity and is considered part of the divine landscape associated with Krishna.[39] (3) A revered water body, important within Hinduism, where rituals and rites are performed for attaining religious merits.[40] (4) A sacred river in India, associated with various Hindu deities and considered holy.[41] (5) A significant river mentioned in the narrative, serving as a setting for important events during Krishna's life.[42]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) A river mentioned as the location where the eldest sire went for his ablutions and to fetch flowers and water.[43] (2) An ocean-going and impetuous river associated with sacred narratives and rituals involving the king Sahadeva.[44] (3) A river that the heroes proceeded towards, marking their movement from the inaccessible hills and forests.[45] (4) The location near which Amvarisha, son of Nabhaga, performed his sacrifice.[46]
From: Vishnu Purana
(1) The river that Vasudeva crossed with the child, deep and treacherous, yet miraculously calmed during the passage.[47] (2) A sacred river in India, whose waters are considered purifying and beneficial for spiritual practices.[48] (3) A sacred river that flows in sportive undulations and is affected by the presence of Kaliya.[49] (4) A river that Balarama calls upon to come to him, but initially refuses due to his drunken state.[50]
From: Brahma Purana
(1) A significant geographical feature where the cowherd lasses gather to reminisce about Krishna after their hopes diminish.[51] (2) The transformation of Yami, the youngest daughter of Samjna and Vivasvan, embodying purity and sanctity.[52] (3) The river that Vasudeva crossed with the newborn lord in his arms, symbolizing the journey of fate and divinity.[53]
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) The river where Muni Parashara encounters Matsyagandha and requests to be ferried across.[54] (2) The chief river mentioned in the text, where king Shantanu encounters Satyavati.[55]
From: Vishnu Purana (Taylor)
(1) The river personified, which Balarama calls upon and later threatens, symbolizing nature's power and femininity.[56] (2) A river filled with swirling streams, which becomes a significant location in the narrative where the events with the naga Kaliya take place.[57]
From: Markandeya Purana (Study)
(1) The daughter of Surya and Samjna, recognized as the river flowing from mount Kalinda.[58]
From: Shiva Purana
(1) The sacred river where sage Parashara encounters Matsyagandha and expresses his desire to cross.[59]
From: Markandeya Purana
(1) A river where important events occur, including Talaketu's hermitage and the actions surrounding the characters.[60]
From: Harivamsha Purana
(1) The river mentioned as being near a desirable forest full of grass.[61]
From: Naishadha-charita of Shriharsha
(1) The sacred river in Indian mythology, used as a metaphor for the flowing and cyclical nature of life.[62] (2) A prominent river in the region, mentioned as a beautiful and significant feature in the king’s dominion.[63]
From: Bhishma Charitra
(1) A river that is worshipped by the people and considered auspicious, where king Shantanu felt immense happiness upon arriving at its bank.[64]
From: Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study)
(1) Another important river noted within the context of ancient India's geography.[65] (2) Known as the River Jumna, crucial in historical texts.[66]
From: Bhesajjakkhandhaka (Chapter on Medicine)
(1) A fertile area between the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers where a rich culture was established by the Aryans from 1000 to 500 BCE.[67]
From: Hanuman Nataka (critical study)
(1) A river beside which Mathura is situated, integral to the geography and mythology surrounding Krishna.[68]
From: Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study)
(1) The river near which Krishna and his friends set out with cattle, symbolizing a landscape integral to divine narratives.[69]
Jain concept of 'Yamuna river'
In Jainism, the Yamuna river symbolizes a crucial element in a child's journey, notably marked by a queen casting a brass chest with her son into its waters, signifying transformation and destiny.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) A river into which the queen cast the brass chest containing her son, representing a significant element in the child's journey.[70]
The concept of Yamuna river in local and regional sources
The Yamuna river is a sacred waterway in India, deeply embedded in Hindu mythology, especially connected to Krishna. It symbolizes beauty, spirituality, and mourning, crucial for rituals and gatherings reflecting devotion and historical significance.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) A sacred river in India, depicted in the story as a place of beauty and joy, where the cowherd ladies engage with Krishna.[71] (2) The location where the grieving parents and others performed the last rites and repentance ceremonies related to the child's death.[72] (3) A sacred river in India associated with various Hindu myths and stories, particularly linked to Krishna.[73] (4) A river with significant spiritual importance where women gather to float with Krishna, expressing bliss and devotion.[74]
From: Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang)
(1) A river flowing through which Mathura is located.[75] (2) Flows through the frontiers of the country and bounds the eastern side of the capital, which is deserted yet has strong foundations.[76]
The concept of Yamuna river in scientific sources
The Yamuna River, the largest tributary of the Ganga in North India, is notably marked by significant pollution, leading to classifications of its segments based on varying water quality levels, highlighting environmental challenges in the region.
From: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
(1) A river in India that has been identified as a source of water contamination and significant reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms due to untreated waste.[77] (2) The largest tributary of the Ganga River in North India, known for its significant pollution and classification into segments based on water quality.[78]