Significance of Vidya
Synonyms: Knowledge, Learning, Wisdom, Education, Information, Skill, Expertise, Understanding
In Dutch: Vidya; In German: Vidya; In Finnish: Vidya; In Spanish: Vidya; In Swedish: Vidya; In Malay: Vidya; In French: Vidya; In Portugese: Vidya; In Italian: Vidya; In Polish: Vidya
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Vidya'
In Buddhism, Vidya symbolizes profound knowledge illustrated by Sakka, the god-king, who imparted enlightenment to King Nimi, emphasizing the transformative power of wisdom in spiritual understanding and leadership.
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) These are three subtle sciences obtained by the Buddha, who is also endowed with pure practices, leading to the epithet Vidya – carana – sampanna.[1] (2) Vidya, translated as clear intuition, is born when meditating on things not yet understood, alongside knowledge and awareness, metaphorically referred to as the 'eye'.[2] (3) Vidya refers to the clear intuition obtained during the turning of the Wheel of Dharma, along with the 'eye', knowledge, and awareness.[3]
From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6
(1) The knowledge represented by Sakka, the king of the gods, who came to enlighten King Nimi.[4]
From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)
(1) The Vidyas (rig ma) are the eight forms that Ma gcig felt transformed into, during the initiation of 'bla ma rma, indicating a mystical transformation and heightened spiritual awareness.[5]
Hindu concept of 'Vidya'
Vidya in Hinduism encompasses various forms of knowledge and wisdom, particularly in relation to learning, spiritual insight, and liberation from ignorance. It plays a crucial role in connecting the individual self to the divine and understanding Brahman.
From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)
(1) The term Vidya appears in the text to describe a specific type of knowledge that connects particulars and is exemplified by the Sandilya-vidya and the vidya of the True.[6] (2) It refers to the oneness in the context of the Self being within all, and the text questions whether two sections constitute one or two separate of these.[7] (3) This refers to knowledge, and the text discusses the rite of carrying fire on the head's relationship to the knowledge of the Atharvanikas, distinguishing it from other types.[8] (4) This term refers to the main subject matter of the Upanishads, which is being debated about the relationship of mantras and sacrifices, and whether or not they are to be combined.[9] (5) The vidyas are practices which abide in the syllable Om and are shared, implying a commonality of practice across the three Vedas, according to the provided text.[10]
From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)
(1) This refers to a subject matter that is being discussed, and there might be a disagreement regarding their oneness due to variations or distinctions observed within them.[11] (2) The vidya is a section of the text that tells us about Janashruti, his actions, and his characteristics, specifically in the first section.[12] (3) Knowledge or disciplines that are highlighted within the text which reveal different aspects of the meditative practices and their interpretations.[13] (4) Knowledge or disciplines in the context of meditation, which can be separated based on their characteristics.[14] (5) The different types of knowledge or meditative practices that establish distinctions in the understanding of the Self.[15]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad
(1) This is knowledge or wisdom. It is described as the fire that consumes ignorance.[16] (2) Vidya means contemplation, and Karma associated with Vidya (contemplation) has the power of producing what is eternal, but it is a contradiction to say that what is eternal is produced.[17] (3) Knowledge or understanding, particularly that which is conducive to spiritual growth.[18] (4) Knowledge or wisdom that allows one to overcome ignorance and perceive the inherent bliss of Brahman.[19] (5) Different forms of contemplations or meditative knowledge segments found within the scriptures.[20]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika
(1) A term for knowledge or wisdom, which removes ignorance and leads to release from the cycle of transmigration.[21] (2) Along with avidya, it belongs to the sphere of nama-rupa and is distinct from the ultimate reality, even though one might suggest a relationship.[22] (3) This word is something that a specific term is other than or opposed to, and its absence is not the intended meaning of the term, according to the text provided.[23] (4) It is known as vidya because it makes known Brahman.[24] (5) Knowledge or awareness that dispels ignorance (avidya) and enables the recognition of one's identity with Brahman.[25]
From: Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya)
(1) Vidyas are discussed as the means to acquire the knowledge of Brahman, which is a central theme in the context of the Adhikarana summary.[26] (2) In this context, the term "Vidya" is used to refer to a specific teaching or knowledge derived from scriptural texts, with Mundaka 3.1.1 and Katha 1.3.1 forming one such Vidya.[27] (3) The passage discusses Vidyas, specifically those that possess identical or similar forms within the scriptures or in varying recensions of the scriptures, and it posits that these are one Vidya.[28] (4) These are found in the same Sakha, are identical or similar, and have to be combined because they represent one Brahma-Sutra according to the text.[29] (5) Refers to types of knowledge or wisdom, particularly in the context of the Purusha Vidya discussed in the Chhandogya and Taittiriya.[30]
From: Thirty minor Upanishads
(1) One of the Upanishads, mentioned in a list of 108 Upanishads.[31] (2) The two sciences, Shabdabrahman and Parabrahman, important for knowledge.[32]
From: Ishavasya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya (Sitarama)
(1) Vidya refers to knowledge that leads to specific and distinct results, such as attaining Devaloka, as mentioned in the texts.[33]
From: Kena upanishad (Madhva commentary)
(1) Knowledge that is acquired through proper study, practice, and the implementation of foundational spiritual principles.[34]
From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)
(1) The highest knowledge, signifying the identity of the Supreme Self and Jiva, crucial for achieving immortality.[35]
From: Kathopanishad (Madhva commentary)
(1) Vidya, along with Avidya, are distant and wide apart from each other, opposing and different-pointed, as described in the provided text.[36]
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) The narrative states that Gautama worshipped the Gayatri Devi, praising her as the Great Vidya, the Mother of the Vedas, and higher than the Highest.[37] (2) Vidya is Blissful Intelligence that grants pleasure and liberation, while Avidya is Great Delusion that causes bondage and pain.[38] (3) The aspect of Maya that reveals truth and liberates individuals.[39] (4) The knowledge imparted by the Devi that helps beings realize their eternal nature, freeing them from egoism.[40] (5) Knowledge that leads to liberation and the dissolution of ignorance (Avidya), understood as a higher understanding of self.[41]
From: Brihaddharma Purana (abridged)
(1) According to Suka, it is one of the three kinds of Nature, and it was divided into many parts from which Dakshayani Sati, Savitri, Lakshmi and Sarasvati were evolved.[42] (2) The source of knowledge and the five objects of perception: smell, taste, form, touch, and sound.[43]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) Vidya refers to knowledge, specifically the knowledge that Purusha is freed from the attributes of Creation and Destruction and transcends the four and twenty topics or principles.[44] (2) Knowledge or true understanding that liberates the soul and leads to Emancipation.[45]
From: Bhagavad-gita-rahasya (or Karma-yoga Shastra)
(1) Knowledge leading to realization of the Brahman, typically acquired through contemplation and meditation on the true nature of reality.[46] (2) Spiritual knowledge or learning that includes understanding the divine and the principles of reality, recognized as essential for liberation.[47]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) It signifies the real knowledge that Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu came to teach, encompassing devotional service and detachment.[48] (2) Knowledge that represents the awakening and development of spiritual propensities within a person.[49] (3) Refers to material knowledge, primarily focused on sense gratification.[50] (4) Often misunderstood as knowledge about incompletely understood subjects, in contrast to the true knowledge of the Supreme Lord.[51]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) It signifies knowledge or science, particularly in the context of archery, representing expertise and mastery in a specific field of study or skill, like weaponry.[52] (2) Types of knowledge or learning, which Mahalakshmi embodies and bestows upon individuals, contributing to their spiritual and material progress.[53]
From: Shakti and Shakta
(1) Vidya is a part of the dual capacity of Shakti, and Atma liberates itself by its Vidya Murti, and the text does not provide further details on its exact meaning.[54] (2) Different forms of knowledge or teachings that may seem diverse but all aim towards a common goal—Liberation.[55] (3) Knowledge or learning, specifically in spiritual contexts, that is suited to a practitioner’s level of Adhikara.[56] (4) Knowledge or learning, particularly pertaining to sacred texts and spiritual practices.[57]
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) This is also known as learning.[58] (2) This is knowledge, one of the crucial qualities of a physician, along with Vitarka, Vijnan, Smriti, Tatparata, and Kriya, which help in the cure of diseases.[59]
From: Shat-cakra-nirupana (the six bodily centres)
(1) Represents knowledge and wisdom in the divine context of the described region.[60] (2) Represents knowledge, often indicated by a book that Hakini holds.[61]
From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali
(1) Knowledge or cognition that contrasts with avidya; it serves to exclude forms of ignorance such as doubt and misconception.[62] (2) Knowledge or activity that results from a distinct cognition, which is not applicable to indefinite cognition.[63]
From: Parama Samhita (English translation)
(1) The incantation that is appropriately used in worship to achieve the desired qualities or blessings from the deity.[64]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) Vidya is described as one of the two aspects of Brahman, the other being avidya, which means diversity; the Brahman has two aspects, that of unity (vidya) and that of diversity (avidya).[65]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) The Sanskrit term for knowledge, encompassing both the understanding of texts and their meanings.[66]
Jain concept of 'Vidya'
In Jainism, Vidya encompasses a range of knowledge and skills, from mystical powers sought by figures like Ravana to sacred teachings central to spiritual practices. It represents magical abilities and sacred knowledge conferring power to noble beings.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) These are magical weapons created by Hayagriva. They are acquired through effort, meditation, and devotion, and can be used to gain power.[67] (2) The vidya is being subdued by the lord of Lanka, and it later appeared, offering to do everything according to his wish.[68] (3) Refers to specific knowledge or magical skills that characters utilized in battle.[69] (4) The knowledge or skills associated with the Vidyadharas, particularly in the context of rule and power.[70] (5) Magical powers or arts referenced throughout the story, particularly in the context of conflict and deception.[71]
The concept of Vidya in local and regional sources
Vidya encompasses various forms of knowledge derived from worship, practical methods for spiritual realization in the Upanishads, Buddhist study disciplines, and knowledge gained from worshiping ancestors, though it does not necessarily lead to liberation.
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) This is knowledge, which is a component of Maya, and along with Avidya, it contributes to the projection of the world, and the ability to perceive the world.[72] (2) This is a particular knowledge, any particular gift that is got from these objects of worship, and is the result of worshipping the Pratika.[73] (3) This term refers to the particular knowledge or gifts one might receive from objects of worship, such as departed ancestors or friends, but it does not lead to freedom.[74]
From: Triveni Journal
(1) These are secret springs of knowledge, which were discovered by the founders of schools of thought and were carefully guarded and revealed only to chosen disciples.[75] (2) In the context of the Upanishads, refers to various practical methods for spiritual realization, often overlooked by scholars.[76]
From: Gommatsara by Acharya Nemichandra
(1) Vidya denotes knowledge as a category of charitable contribution.[77] (2) This term is mentioned with 'Anaksharivani' and 'Visarga', and is noted as being '14', possibly referring to knowledge or a specific category.[78]
From: Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang)
(1) The teachings or disciplines associated with Buddhist study, of which the five vidyas are mentioned in the context of scholarly pursuits.[79]