Significance of Upper garment
Synonyms: Top, Shirt, Tunic, Coat
In Dutch: Bovenkleding; In Finnish: Päällinen vaate; In Spanish: Prenda superior; In German: Oberbekleidung; In Swedish: Övre plagg; In Malay: Pakaian atas; In French: Vêtement supérieur; In Finnish: Ylävaate; In Italian: Capo superiore; In Polish: Górna część garderoby; In Portugese: Peça de vestuário superior
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Upper garment'
In Buddhism, the Upper garment symbolizes humility, respect, and renunciation of materialism, often reflected in the attire of Bhikkhus and various narratives signifying spiritual values and exchanges within the community.
From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)
(1) Clothing worn by Tissa that became soiled during his illness, symbolizing both his physical state and the transience of material possessions.[1] (2) Refers to the robe that Venerable Tissa intended to wear, representing the importance of proper attire in monastic life.[2]
From: Vinaya (3): The Cullavagga
(1) Refers to the outer robes of Bhikkhus, which also must adhere to specific guidelines regarding arrangement and style.[3]
From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6
(1) An item of clothing given by the villager to acquire the dog, representing an exchange of value.[4]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) The upper garment is a piece of clothing, and the king’s brother threw it over one shoulder, and also is a sign of respect.[5] (2) An item of clothing that bodhisattvas throw over one shoulder while inviting Buddhas, symbolizing respect and ceremony.[6] (3) Refers to the uttarasamgha that the Buddha used as part of his attire, symbolic of his monastic life.[7]
From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)
(1) A child’s clothing item given as a present to rin chen mgon, symbolizing his early acceptance into the monk community.[8]
From: Apadana commentary (Atthakatha)
(1) A layer of clothing that holds symbolic importance in the narrative, representing the humility and the renunciation of material attachment.[9]
Hindu concept of 'Upper garment'
In Hinduism, the term "Upper garment" encompasses various types of clothing worn for rituals, covering the body, adhering to social guidelines, and symbolizing decorum, blessing, or specific cultural significance, like the uttariya.
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) A piece of clothing that covers the upper part of the body, which women are advised to wear when going out.[10] (2) A clothing item worn by the hermit, specifically made from the skin of a black antelope.[11] (3) The clothing worn on the upper body, considered a part of the required attire for certain students.[12] (4) A type of clothing being sold, which in context reflects on its value in exchange.[13] (5) Refers to the clothing that should be maintained on the pupil's body when in proximity to the Teacher, highlighting decorum.[14]
From: Apastamba Dharma-sutra
(1) This should be dyed with red Lodh for a Brahmana, according to some.[15] (2) An item of clothing that should be worn over the left shoulder and under the right arm while eating.[16] (3) The clothing worn above the waist, which the pupil should style according to specific guidelines related to sacred practices.[17]
From: Paraskara-grihya-sutra
(1) The specific type of clothing that students must wear, varying by caste.[18] (2) An article of clothing worn on the upper body, which he should avoid wearing in the rain.[19] (3) Refers to the additional garment mentioned in the marriage rituals, signifying a blessing from goddesses.[20]
From: Hiranyakesi-grihya-sutra
(1) This is an article of clothing that is worn, which may be dyed with a specific color. The provided instructions detail this as a part of the individual's appearance or attire.[21] (2) The outer piece of clothing put on after the undergarment, involved in the ritualistic dressing.[22] (3) The clothing worn by the student during their learning period, which is ceremonially removed during the initiation ritual.[23]
From: Bharadvaja-srauta-sutra
(1) The clothing that covers the upper part of the body, specifically mentioned for covering the right shoulder.[24] (2) The clothing item that the sacrificer removes as part of the preparatory rituals after acquiring the Soma.[25] (3) Clothing worn by the officiating priests and the sacrificer to cover their bodies during the rituals.[26]
From: Baudhayana Dharmasutra
(1) A type of clothing worn over the lower garment.[27]
From: Vasistha Dharmasutra
(1) Another type of clothing that a Snataka must wear alongside the lower garment.[28]
From: Gautama Dharmasutra
(1) Upper garments for students may include skins of black-bucks, spotted deer, or he-goats.[29]
From: Gobhila-grihya-sutra
(1) The upper garment is referenced in the context of not wearing a part of the under garment as if it were an upper garment during certain rituals.[30]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) The Pandavas took off their upper garments and threw them down in the assembly after hearing the words of the son of Radha.[31] (2) Bhima soaked this item of clothing to bring water to his brothers.[32] (3) The upper garment is what Kicaka seizes as Draupadi attempts to escape.[33] (4) The clothing piece that royalty wears, which Nala intended to recover after it dropped.[34] (5) The act of the Pancalas and Srinjayas waving their upper garments in celebration reflects their victory and joy at Duryodhana's fall.[35]
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) Refers to the chadar or the clothing that Lord Krishna tugged at while speaking.[36] (2) An item of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body; in this context, it refers to what the subject wears, specifically denoted as 'uttariya-dhara'.[37] (3) A clothing piece worn by Lord Krishna, adorned with mandara flowers.[38]
From: Manasara (English translation)
(1) Clothing that should be adorned on the images as part of their representation.[39] (2) One of the essential items that sages should wear, specifically noted as the uttariya in their description.[40]
From: History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda)
(1) The clothing worn over the torso, which was mandatorily required in various social situations.[41]
From: Parama Samhita (English translation)
(1) All the participants should wear these, be decorated, and proceed to the river, surrounded by the people, as stated in the text.[42]
Jain concept of 'Upper garment'
In Jainism, the "Upper garment" symbolizes illusion and seduction, respects for spiritual figures, and loss of fortune. It reflects both reverence in Tirthakrit and the narrative of Nala's decline after gambling.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) This is a visual metaphor describing the cascades that are hanging from the shoulder of the mountain, adding to its visual appeal.[43] (2) It was placed in folds over the mouth while paying respect to the Tirthakrit, showing a sign of respect and reverence.[44] (3) The upper garment is pulled together under the pretext of tightening the waist-cloth, showing the seductive nature of the illusion.[45] (4) Upper garment is what Bahubali made a fan out of and fanned Bharata, sprinkling him with tears, according to the text.[46] (5) The only possession Nala keeps after losing everything in gambling, symbolizing his drastic fall in fortune.[47]
The concept of Upper garment in local and regional sources
The keyphrase "Upper garment" pertains to clothing worn on the upper body, illustrated by a shawl draped across the shoulders, and also as a suggested item for covertly carrying the Jackal.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) The upper-garment is a piece of clothing that Kinkinimala was adjusting, drawing attention to her form and highlighting the sensual aspect of the scene.[48]
From: Village Folk-tales of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), vol. 1-3
(1) The piece of clothing suggested by the Jackal to carry him covertly.[49]