Significance of Universals and particulars
In Tibetan Buddhism, the concept of Universals and particulars differentiates between general categories, known as universals, and specific instances, called particulars. This distinction is relevant in various interpretations, including Vyakarana, which focuses on shared properties versus individual traits. Theravada further categorizes mental states, with universals representing common factors across all cittas, while particulars are context-dependent qualities. In this framework, there are seven universals and six particulars that influence consciousness and can accompany akusala citta.
Synonyms: Generalities, Properties, Attributes
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Universals and particulars'
In Buddhism, universals are shared mental factors present in all consciousness types, while particulars are context-specific qualities influencing individual mental states, illustrating the relationship between general concepts and unique instances in mental categorization.
From: A Manual of Abhidhamma
(1) The overarching mental states and specific characteristics found in types of consciousness.[1] (2) In the context of rootless consciousness, seven universals occur consistently while particulars arise accordingly.[2] (3) A distinction within the classifications of mental states, where Universals represent common factors, and Particulars are those that arise in specific contexts.[3]
From: Cetasikas
(1) Universals are mental factors common to all cittas, while particulars arise only with specific types of cittas and consist of various mental qualities influencing consciousness.[4] (2) Universals and particulars are categories of mental factors that can accompany akusala citta, influencing its characteristics.[5]
From: Patthanuddesa Dipani
(1) Categories within the mental states, where seven are universals and six are particulars.[6]
From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]
(1) Denotes the relationship and distinction between general categories (universals) and specific instances (particulars) as understood in linguistic and conceptual expressions.[7] (2) Categories that represent general concepts (universals) and individual instances (particulars) that are acknowledged in the context of denotation.[8]
Hindu concept of 'Universals and particulars'
In Hinduism, Universals and particulars signify the distinction between general properties that encompass multiple entities and the unique traits of individual substances, highlighting the balance between shared essence and distinct identity within the diverse tapestry of existence.
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) A concept relating to general properties shared among many substances versus specific individual characteristics.[9]