Significance of Thinking
Synonyms: Contemplation, Reflection, Consideration, Pondering, Reasoning, Meditation, Deliberation, Rumination, Musing, Cogitation
In Spanish: Pensamiento; In Dutch: Denken; In German: Denken; In Finnish: Ajattelu; In Swedish: Tänkande; In Malay: Berfikir; In French: Pensée; In Polish: Myślący; In Portugese: Pensamento; In Italian: Pensiero
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Thinking'
In Buddhism, "thinking" encompasses perception, contemplation, and intention (cetana). It's crucial for monks' actions and differentiating intent. Thought, when unbridled, hinders enlightenment, while non-thought and true understanding are valued. It is a cognitive process involving past experiences.
From: Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks’ rules)
(1) The process by which the monks contemplate the implications of their actions or the decisions at hand.[1] (2) The mental process that could differentiate between intentional and unintentional actions.[2] (3) means: mind and thought are equivalent.[3]
From: Vinaya Pitaka (2): Bhikkhuni-vibhanga (the analysis of Nun’ rules)
(1) The mental process of assessing the nature of robe-material, which affects the outcome of their actions.[4] (2) A mental state that when absent can lead to a nun not being accountable for entering a village improperly attired.[5]
From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life
(1) Thinking about a conventional term or a concept is nama, which is a paramattha dhamma, highlighting that the act of thinking is a real phenomenon.[6] (2) A mental process that, along with seeing and feeling, is a way to prove the truth of certain teachings.[7]
From: Cetasikas
(1) Thinking is the process by which the mind engages with experiences and concepts that have been previously encountered.[8]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) Thought is what Mara believed Maha Moggallana had no power to know, regarding his presence and intentions.[9]
From: Dhammapada (translated from the Pali)
(1) These are not bewildered by love in someone in whom a desire for the Ineffable has sprung up, and who is satisfied in their mind; they are called carried upwards by the stream.[10]
From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka
(1) It refers to the contemplation and consideration given to the permissibility of inviting, highlighting the cognitive process involved before actions are taken.[11]
From: Shurangama Sutra (with commentary) (English)
(1) It signifies the mental processes of thought and cognition, which are combined with the four theories to generate sixteen cases of existence after cessation.[12] (2) When combined with form, it becomes the 'dust,' the defiling objects of form, which lacks clarity, making it difficult to gain perfect penetration.[13] (3) The mental activity or processes involved in perception and cognition, present or absent in varying degrees among beings.[14] (4) The cognitive process that can lead to confusion when not aligned with true understanding of phenomena and seeing.[15]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) To engage in reflective thought or contemplation regarding one’s values and choices.[16] (2) Thinking (cetana) is highlighted as the strongest activity among the mental events.[17]
From: Akshayamatinirdesha [english]
(1) Thought is the third focus of meditation, requiring consideration and awareness as part of the practice of recollection.[18] (2) The process of reflecting or concentrating on moments of existence, vital for arranging magical powers.[19]
From: The Great Chariot
(1) The Tathagata's speech arises within the apprehension of others without any, not really existing outside or internally.[20] (2) Thought refers to the cognitive processes that are transcended by the vajrakaya, which is described as changeless and indestructible, indicating a state beyond conceptual constructs, such as the changeless vajrakaya.[21] (3) It is the purity of non-thought, there is nothing other than sugatagarbha.[22] (4) Thoughts, as referenced, are considered the same as non-thought, which illustrates a concept of unity, similar to the inseparable nature of waves and water.[23] (5) Thoughts are contrasted with the state of non-thought, where they are not pursued, and their continuity is not cut, but if followed, they will lead to being no different from ordinary people.[24]
Hindu concept of 'Thinking'
In Hinduism, "Thinking" encompasses reflection on experiences, contemplation of the divine, cognitive processes, and the generation of ideas. It influences actions, beliefs, and understanding, and can be impacted by stress.
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) After "thinking" in a certain way, the three-eyed topmost Vaishnava felt the need to seek refuge, indicating a process of consideration before acting.[25] (2) A mental process that Advaita Mahashaya engaged in before speaking to the sannyasi about the relationship.[26] (3) Engaging in a mental process involving consideration or reflection about a particular subject or concern.[27] (4) Thinking describes the mental process or state of contemplation experienced by the devotees, suggesting reflection or consideration of specific concepts within the text.[28] (5) This represents the mental activity of the individual, which was ongoing while performing the task of cooking.[29]
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) "Thinking" is the mental process of the gopis reflecting on Krishna, triggering a cascade of intense emotions and physical reactions.[30] (2) A mental process is occurring, indicating contemplation or consideration of a particular situation or potential outcome.[31] (3) The focus of a benevolent ruler are constantly directed toward a specific individual, indicating a deep affection or sense of responsibility.[32] (4) The process of using one's mind to consider or reason about something.[33] (5) The act of contemplating or reflecting upon his former enemy Lord Hari.[34]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) This describes the process of contemplating or deliberating on an idea, leading to a conclusion.[35] (2) The process of contemplation or reflection, particularly regarding one's experiences or beliefs.[36] (3) The contemplation or consideration held by an individual regarding divine matters.[37]
From: Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation
(1) The Alvar feels incapable of thinking; therefore, there is no question of forgetting, which is why the Lord makes sure that the knowledge remains intact.[38] (2) One of the ways by which Catakopan of Kurukur adored the Lord Supreme. It is an element of devotion.[39]
From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu
(1) The mental reflection of Akrura regarding his actions and their consequences.[40]
From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)
(1) The limitation due to the limited extent of heaven, sun, etc. has the purpose of rendering definite to thought.[41] (2) It is the essence of human existence, influencing one's state after departing this life, according to the Chandogya.[42] (3) It is a special activity on the part of what is termed 'Being.' It cannot possibly belong to the non-sentient Pradhana.[43] (4) It is associated with the creative activity of the general cause. Its meaning is debated, with some suggesting it should be interpreted metaphorically.[44]
From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)
(1) The passage considers defining Brahman as thought (intelligence) or as both existence and thought, discussing the implications for scriptural passages and the nature of the Self.[45] (2) The cognitive process attributed to the Self that precedes the act of creation.[46]
From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)
(1) The act of contemplating or pondering deeply over concepts or questions.[47]
From: Mandukya Upanishad
(1) A mental process that involves contemplation or reflection; the absence of thought leads to a state of no apprehension or giving up.[48]
From: Kena upanishad (Madhva commentary)
(1) The process of considering or believing something.[49]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad
(1) Also known as manas, contemplating Brahman as thought makes one capable of thinking clearly.[50]
From: Isopanisad (Madhva commentary)
(1) It is included in 'vayunani', along with knowledge and efforts, all of which are directed towards achieving salvation, reflecting a focused intention.[51]
From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4
(1) It is a process carried on along with the breath of vitality, and wherever there is the breath of vitality, there is also this process being carried on.[52] (2) The provided text indicates that this is no other than the mind.[53] (3) The Lord unfolds everything to light by the external organ of sight and the internal organ of this.[54] (4) The thought that I am the doer and owner of a deed, overpowers all bodily exertions, and sprouts fourth with results, that are forever binding on the doer, as the text indicates.[55]
From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Griffith)
(1) Thought refers to the idea in the people's minds, and it is about Rama, highlighting his importance.[56]
From: Sankhayana-grihya-sutra
(1) Represents an idea or contemplation that can be satisfied.[57]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) A mental process involving ideas, beliefs, or considerations, which can be a medium through which sins are committed.[58]
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) These are the ideas or opinions produced by thinking, which can be affected by stress, as indicated in the provided text.[59]
From: Yoga-sutras (Vedanta Commentaries)
(1) Thoughts should be aligned with truthfulness and used to cultivate love and avoid causing harm, reflecting a commitment to ethical and compassionate thinking.[60]
From: Parama Samhita (English translation)
(1) An integral aspect within the Pancaratra framework, categorized alongside ego and elements.[61]
Jain concept of 'Thinking'
In Jainism, "Thinking" signifies a cognitive process, potentially a mental exercise or state. It's an attributed quality, implying a deliberate and active mental engagement.
From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
(1) Thought is characterized by throbbing or quivering, embracing several objects, but concentration turns thought away from several objects and fixes it on one.[62]
The concept of Thinking in local and regional sources
Thinking encompasses mental processes rooted in experience and memory, leading to ideas and reasoning. Suppressing thought is counterproductive, as thought persists and seeks manifestation. It's linked to spirituality, the soul, and requires chastity. Thought influences action, expressed through words, and should embrace diverse opinions.
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) The provided text discusses "thoughts" as being either necessary results of preceding thoughts or irrational, questioning whether mental states follow each other in a causal manner.[63] (2) Thought is impossible without words, highlighting the intrinsic connection between the two concepts.[64] (3) Thoughts that are too deep for tears are mentioned, referencing the limitations of expressing profound emotions through words or sorrow.[65] (4) Each thought has two parts and it is one of those parts.[66] (5) This refers to the process of thinking, reasoning, and forming ideas.[67]
From: Triveni Journal
(1) These are ideas or mental constructs that lack complexity, suggesting a limited capacity for reasoning or understanding.[68] (2) 'Thoughts' are described as things with airy wings that can bring hate or love, emphasizing the significant power and impact that internal mental processes can have on external experiences.[69] (3) "Thought" refers to the mental process of thinking or reasoning, indicating the activity of the mind in processing information and ideas, according to the poem.[70] (4) The text explores both eastern and western systems of thought, with Indian thought aiming to destroy human misery and promote happiness, while western philosophy, starting with Socrates, emphasizes self-knowledge and the pursuit of the good, the true, and the beautiful.[71] (5) The text describes the internal mental processes, suggesting that the "thoughts" clash like armies when thinking of the other person.[72]
From: Gommatsara by Acharya Nemichandra
(1) This is linked to 'exercise' and 'attributed', suggesting a cognitive process or mental state.[73]
From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints
(1) "Thoughts" are illusory and cast aside by Surdas, signifying his liberation from deceptive perceptions and his attainment of a clearer understanding of reality.[74]
The concept of Thinking in scientific sources
Thinking, in this context, involves considering whether an advertisement is coercive or manipulative. It requires critical evaluation of the ad's influence and potential impact on the audience.
From: Religions Journal (MDPI)
(1) It is something that occurs before reflection, and we can only catch up to ourselves in retrospect after having already done it.[75] (2) Thoughts that trigger action cannot be purely rational; only when thought concepts transform into internalized value beliefs and emotional identification can thoughts manifest as actions.[76] (3) Job is considered a heroic figure in the history of this, for Job demonstrates that the subject has nothing to say.[77] (4) It is bound to discursive forms of reflection that are always mediated through differences, making it difficult to think of unity.[78] (5) Before it becomes philosophical or theological, it is precisely experiencing and existing.[79]
From: Religious Inquiries (Journal)
(1) The article analyzes the origin and evolution of Gnostic thought, exploring its components and sources in relation to religion.[80] (2) Thinking is considered an immediate outcome of a thinker, which some cognitive philosophers challenge by suggesting that knowledge of necessity and causation is bounded by naturalness.[81]
From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
(1) Thoughts are connected with sensations and non-judging in observing feelings, and are effective in improving alexithymia and measures of psychological health.[82] (2) This includes an introduction using drawings and actual materials.[83] (3) Thinking is a cognitive process that involves reasoning and problem-solving, and it is assessed using techniques like the ‘exclusion of objects’ to study the features of the generalisation process of visual materials.[84]
From: Sustainability Journal (MDPI)
(1) Includes education and associability.[85]
From: South African Family Practice
(1) Reflections and considerations on the current situation and future direction of family medicine.[86] (2) This is something to consider, which is whether the ad is coercive or manipulative.[87]
Classical concept of 'Thinking'
From: The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle
(1) A type of activity that differs from the senses, completed by distinct experiences, and considered superior, with its corresponding experiences, to those of the senses.[88] (2) The text refers to thought, stating that life is defined by the power of perception or thought, suggesting that the act of perceiving or thinking is essential to existence and contributes to a sense of being.[89] (3) This itself is sometimes injurious to health. The positive experience arising from this will make us do this all the more.[90] (4) Thinking is central to deliberation, and correctness of thinking is a key aspect of excellence in deliberation, especially when one is actively searching and calculating.[91] (5) At any rate choice involves a rational principle and this, suggesting a rational and thoughtful consideration before making a decision.[92]
From: Aesop's Fables (English translation)
(1) Acting without sufficient thought, as demonstrated by the dog's impulsive consumption of the oyster, can lead to unforeseen dangers and unpleasant consequences, such as the pain the dog felt.[93] (2) Momus criticized Jupiter for not placing the heart of man on the outside, so everyone might read the thoughts of the evil disposed.[94]
From: The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians
(1) The text references the vast amount of thought which the Egyptian gave to the problems of the future life.[95]