Significance of Self
Synonyms: Oneself, Individual, Person, Identity, Being, Ego, Selfhood, Character
In Spanish: Ser; In Dutch: Zelf; In Finnish: Itse
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Self'
In Buddhism, the concept of Self is interpreted as an illusion, emphasizing impermanence and the absence of a fixed identity. It highlights the misconception of personal identity and encourages introspection towards understanding true nature beyond ego and attachment.
From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka
(1) Refers to individual identity or ego, which is mentioned as not being obtruded upon in the context of proclaiming knowledge.[1] (2) In the context of the dialogue, it refers to an introspective search for inner understanding rather than external pursuits.[2] (3) The concept that the body, feelings, perceptions, habitual tendencies, and consciousness are not self, highlighting the impermanence and non-ownership of these aspects.[3]
From: Cetasikas
(1) The false notion of owning experiences and possessions, which the sotapanna realizes as not existing.[4] (2) The concept of self refers to the personal identity or ego that leads to clinging and attachment, which is seen as an illusion in ultimate understanding.[5]
From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life
(1) An illusion that arises from taking nama-elements and rupa-elements as a singular identity.[6] (2) The conceptual understanding of individual identity, which is distinguished as not being a tangible entity but rather a series of experiences.[7]
From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6
(1) The concept of personal identity and the internal struggles one faces in the pursuit of virtue or enlightenment.[8]
From: Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga
(1) A concept frequently addressed in the text, arguing against the identification of one's identity with the impermanent aspects of existence.[9]
From: Introducing Buddhist Abhidhamma
(1) In Buddhism, the prevailing notion of self is deemed an illusion; instead, what exists are the mental and physical processes (khandhas) that arise and cease.[10]
From: Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
(1) A central theme in the discourse, with Gautama arguing against a singular, fixed self, asserting instead the emptiness of self-identity.[11] (2) The notion of an individual identity, often misguided in Buddhist philosophy, emphasizing the absence of a permanent self.[12] (3) The idea of an unchanging entity that is often challenged in Buddhist teachings, as all things are considered impermanent.[13] (4) Referred to as a non-entity in this teaching; it signifies the false perception of individual existence, which is challenged by the concept of Buddha-Nature.[14]
From: Mulamadhyamaka-karika (English)
(1) The concept of one’s own identity or essence, often subject to interpretations in philosophy.[15] (2) The concept of personal identity which is questioned and considered not to exist in any established way.[16] (3) A central concept here regarding ownership of one’s actions and the implications for experiencing anguish.[17]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) Refers to the concept of personal identity or ego that individuals believe in, which leads to the veneration of the Bodhisattva over the Buddhas.[18] (2) The notion of 'I' or 'mine' that creates dualism and attachment, mistakenly believed to be inherent where, in truth, no solid permanent self exists.[19]
Hindu concept of 'Self'
In Hinduism, "Self" signifies the innermost essence, Atman, associated with Brahman. It represents consciousness, lasting beyond the physical form, and encompasses individual identity while highlighting the challenges of ego and Avidya in attaining moksha.
From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika
(1) The essence of an individual or consciousness that is identified with Brahman in the context of nonduality.[20] (2) The essence or true nature of an individual, which is viewed as synonymous with all existence and reality.[21] (3) The innermost essence or identity of a person, often discussed in philosophical contexts.[22] (4) The ultimate reality or consciousness that encompasses everything, as described in the quoted texts.[23] (5) The fundamental essence or true nature of an individual that provides illumination and understanding.[24]
From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)
(1) The essence or core being referred to in the text, which has the ability to take pranas and move within the body.[25] (2) The intrinsic, indivisible essence that cannot embody manifoldness, according to the thoughts presented.[26] (3) A concept that encompasses the essence or nature of Brahman, representing both the material cause and the operative cause in creation.[27] (4) The innermost essence or true identity of an individual, which is said to reside in the heart.[28] (5) The true essence or soul of a person, which is essential for understanding one's existence beyond mere rituals and sacrifices.[29]
From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)
(1) The immortal essence of an individual that leaves the body at death and never dies.[30] (2) A concept of an unchanging, immortal essence that is free from physical defects; it contrasts with the transient physical body.[31] (3) The true essence of an individual, described as spotless, immortal, and fearless, representing the ultimate reality (Brahman).[32] (4) The Self is the entity that knows and is described as free, enjoying the sights it desires through the mind.[33] (5) The essence of an individual, which according to the text, must be known to truly grasp all knowledge and understanding.[34]
From: Vivekachudamani
(1) The perception of identity that emerges from ego's connection with one's own body.[35] (2) The true essence of a being, which is recognized when knowledge ripens, leading to the dissolution of duality.[36] (3) The true essence or identity of an individual, which is often overshadowed by the physical body.[37] (4) The term here denotes one's own true nature or essence as synonymous with the Supreme Brahman, emphasizing the realization of oneness.[38] (5) The essence or true nature of an individual, which is equated with divine entities like Brahma, Vishnu, Indra, and Shiva.[39]
From: Chandogya Upanishad (Shankara Bhashya)
(1) The ultimate reality or essence that is to be understood and perceived, distinct from the physical form.[40] (2) The essential, unchanging essence that exists in all beings, which Shvetaketu's father seeks to convey to him.[41] (3) The deeper essence or conscious Being that is ultimately responsible for the creation and perception of existence.[42] (4) The true essence of an individual, described as immortal and fearless.[43] (5) Refers to the true essence or identity of beings, which is connected to the Subtle Essence and the universe.[44]
From: Mandukya Upanishad
(1) The essence of an individual that is recognized through the mastery of non-attachment, fearlessness, and angerlessness.[45] (2) The innermost essence or consciousness of an individual, which remains constant and unchanged.[46] (3) The concept of one's own consciousness as a singular entity, distinct from the perceived existence of others.[47] (4) The true essence or substance of all Creation as described in the text, synonymous with the Highest Brahman.[48] (5) Refers to the inner identity or essence of an individual, emphasized in the context of satisfying the first desire for existence.[49]
From: Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya)
(1) The true essence or inner nature of an individual that the souls do not realize, leading to their earthly experiences of enjoyment.[50] (2) In this context, 'self' refers to the underlying essence of Brahman, recognized as distinct from the mutable phenomena.[51] (3) Refers to the essence of an individual, as emphasized in the meditation on the Brahman as one's own true nature.[52] (4) The term 'Self' in the text refers to the true essence or Atman that transcends physical existence and is identified with Brahman.[53] (5) The core essence that is said to be higher than all other entities, representing the true identity beyond physical existence.[54]
From: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
(1) The essence or true nature of anindividual that arguments and scriptural evidence aim to unify.[55] (2) The innermost essence of a person that transcends the physical body and individuality.[56] (3) Refers to the immortal aspect of individuals, distinct from the mortal body, which is controlled by the Internal Ruler.[57] (4) The core essence or identity within all beings that transcends physical existence and individuality.[58]
From: Kena upanishad (Madhva commentary)
(1) The ultimate identity or essence of an individual, often equated with Brahman in Vedantic philosophy and associated with true knowledge and bliss.[59] (2) The innermost essence of a person, which is considered divine and united with Brahman or the cosmic spirit.[60]
From: Ishavasya Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary
(1) The all-pervading, bright, incorporeal being that is pure and untouched by sin.[61] (2) The true essence that individuals are encouraged to understand and realize for achieving final release from worldly desires.[62]
From: Thirty minor Upanishads
(1) The individual soul or consciousness, which is ultimately seen as part of the non-dual essence.[63] (2) Refers to the true essence or identity of an individual, synonymous with Brahman in this context.[64]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad
(1) Refers to the true self or essence of individuals, which in Vedanta is synonymous with Brahman.[65]
From: Katha Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary
(1) The self refers to an individual's essence, identity, or consciousness, and is often explored in spiritual and philosophical contexts.[66]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) Refers to the essence or true nature of an individual, which becomes intertwined with the mind.[67] (2) The individual consciousness or essence that experiences freedom from errors, thus being able to engage with sacred texts.[68] (3) The essence that is free from rajas, referenced by different words with genders.[69] (4) Refers to the ultimate reality or essence of an individual, synonymous with atma.[70]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) The term denoting the essence or core being of the individual, often referred to as Atman.[71] (2) Refers to the supreme or original source of all Being and the entire Universe, which interpenetrates all entities.[72] (3) Refers to one’s nature, signifying the Great Principle rather than the Soul.[73]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) Indicates the inner essence or soul of an individual, which is connected to the Supreme Lord.[74] (2) In this context, it refers to the idea of being equal only to oneself, emphasizing individuality and divine uniqueness.[75]
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) Refers to the identity or essence of an individual, in this case, the king's personal reaction to the events occurring.[76]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) The essence or soul of an individual, regarded as the most precious aspect of existence.[77]
From: Ramayana of Valmiki
(1) Referring to Rama's understanding and mastery of oneself and his righteous nature.[78]
From: Agni Purana
(1) The true essence of being, which is the seer and enjoyer of all experiences, distinct from the body.[79]
From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali
(1) In this context, the Self is considered the pure essence that perceives the pratyaya associated with buddhi yet remains distinct from the cognitive processes of buddhi.[80] (2) The individual essence or identity that embodies effort, which is the driving force behind actions.[81] (3) The Self is the essence or the core of an individual, encompassing various mental and emotional qualities that define one's existence.[82]
From: Sivaprakasam (Study in Bondage and Liberation)
(1) The individual's awareness or consciousness that interacts with and influences the psychic senses and their perception.[83] (2) The self is described as already a part of Brahman and is limited by Avidya in its ability to experience moksha.[84]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)
(1) Refers to one's true essence or soul, distinguishing from the external or material aspects of existence.[85] (2) The unchanging core of an individual that remains unmoved when the mind reaches its objects.[86]
From: Shakti and Shakta
(1) A central theme in the text symbolizing ego or the individual identity that can lead to suffering and spiritual challenges.[87]
From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)
(1) The essential aspect of an individual, referred to as atman, which is distinct from the external world and temporary experiences.[88]
From: Nyayakusumanjali of Udayana (study)
(1) An entity that is considered distinct from the body, as posited by Nyaya, and characterized by qualities such as knowledge and desire.[89]
From: Narayaniya (Narayaneeyam)
(1) The innermost essence or identity of a person, often the subject of philosophical contemplation.[90]
From: Satapatha-brahmana
(1) The self is a central concept referring to the innate nature of individuals, especially in the context of containing the in-breathing.[91]
Jain concept of 'Self'
In Jainism, the Self represents the individual essence, characterized by ignorance and sin, yet inherently tied to personal thoughts, actions, and experiences, emphasizing a journey toward liberation and self-realization.
From: Sutrakritanga (English translation)
(1) The individual essence that is unable to renounce activity and is often engaged in ignorance and sin.[92] (2) Conceptualized as intrinsic to all things, suggesting that all entities are interconnected and rooted in the Self.[93]
The concept of Self in local and regional sources
Self pertains to an individual's identity, where an excessive focus on it can result in suffering, as highlighted in the text. This suggests a balance is necessary to mitigate potential emotional distress connected to identity.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) The true essence or Atman that is self-effulgent and the source of all knowledge and existence.[94] (2) An organism that embodies persistent characteristics and the unchanging aspect that makes knowledge and recognition possible.[95] (3) The individual’s sense of identity, which the character suggests leads to suffering when overly emphasized.[96] (4) The ultimate consciousness, represented as pure existence that observes but remains detached from life’s changes.[97]
From: Self-Knowledge in Krishnamurti’s Philosophy
(1) A concept described as the center of the 'me', from which all activity springs, yet it is not permanent and is sustained by memory.[98] (2) The concept explored in Chapter two, focusing on Krishnamurti's interpretation of self as distinct from conventional understandings.[99]