Significance of Rupa
In Dutch: Rupa; In German: Rupa; In Finnish: Rupa; In Spanish: Rupa; In Swedish: Rupa; In Malay: Rupa; In French: Rupa; In Portugese: Rupa; In Italian: Rupa; In Polish: Rupa
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Rupa'
In Buddhism, Rupa signifies material form or matter, encompassing physical aspects like the body, sense organs, and objects. It's a component of the five aggregates, often linked to suffering, impermanence, and the misconception of self, influencing our experiences and mental states.
From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life
(1) Rupas are physical phenomena or characteristics that arise and fall away, with what is called 'log of wood' actually consisting of many different rupas.[1] (2) Rupa, or physical phenomena, is defined as the type of reality that does not experience anything, and it includes things such as a visible object itself.[2] (3) According to the text, rupa is a physical phenomenon that impinges on the senses and is experienced by a series of cittas, and it does not last.[3] (4) A type of reality that is a conditioned reality, impermanent, and classified by way of the five aggregates, encompassing all physical phenomena, including hardness and sound.[4] (5) Material form or appearance that can be experienced by consciousness, arising and falling away.[5]
From: Cetasikas
(1) Kamma also produces rupas from the first moment of life and throughout life there are rupas produced by kamma such as eyesense, earsense and the other senses.[6] (2) Physical phenomena or material forms that do not experience anything, distinct from nama, and are objects of mindfulness.[7] (3) Material form or physical matter that is produced by certain kamma-formations, specifically the meritorious and demeritorious forms, but not by imperturbable kamma-formations.[8] (4) Materiality or form, one of the aspects maintained by jivitindriya, distinct from the mental phenomena (nama).[9]
From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)
(1) Rupa, or matter, does not exist in isolation and requires appropriate units to combine, signifying that it exists as a group or an aggregate.[10] (2) "Rupa", which means matter, cannot exist in single units, and instead generally exists as aggregates of eight or nine units, further described as a kalapa, which conducts when two units are conducting.[11] (3) The material form that Arupa Brahmas learn to see as a source of suffering and thus develop a disgust for it.[12]
From: The Doctrine of Paticcasamuppada
(1) Rupa (corporeality) is a killer, as stated by the Buddha, highlighting the impermanent and potentially harmful nature of physical form.[13] (2) Matter or corporeality, which is often misidentified with the self.[14] (3) Matter or physical form, one of the five aggregates that constitute human experience.[15]
From: A Manual of Abhidhamma
(1) Rupa is a sphere where Kamma influences the creation of material phenomena, impacting the development of matter.[16] (2) Defined as matter or form, representing one of the two composite factors of being; it is understood to change and perish.[17] (3) Matter, representing the physical aspects of existence as defined in Buddhist philosophy, part of the five aggregates.[18]
From: A Discourse on Paticcasamuppada
(1) One part of the distinction between nama and rupa, representing the physical aspect, and distinguishing between nama and rupa does not admit any intellectual approach.[19] (2) These are conditioned by citta, kamma, utu (heat), and ahara (nutriment), and their origin can be inferred from the rebirth citta at the moment of conception.[20]
From: Patthana Dhamma
(1) Physical forms or aspects that can be desirable or undesirable, influencing mental states and actions.[21]
From: Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga
(1) The physical body, discussed in terms of not being the self.[22]
From: Patipada (path of practice)
(1) Rupa is the form that is questioned when investigating the painful feeling.[23]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) This is also known as physical phenomena or matter, and it is the reality of the basis where the mental factors arise.[24]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) It is another word for color. It is described as being like the eye: empty, without 'me' or 'mine'.[25] (2) A Sanskrit term for beauty, one of the qualities attributed to the Buddha, unequaled among all beings.[26] (3) This refers to physical beauty and appearance, which are negatively affected and altered by drinking.[27] (4) Refers to form or matter; the physical aspect in the five skandhas that Buddhists analyze to understand non-self.[28]
From: Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
(1) Another name for physical form.[29] (2) The text explains the concept of 'rupa' (matter) and how it can be harmed, emphasizing that common mortals carelessly entertain the notion of father in the rupa-skandha.[30]
From: Abhidharmakośa
(1) Rupa, or matter, includes the five sense organs, five objects, and avijnapti, which is supported by the consciousness of these things, the five organs, and the organ of sight.[31]
From: Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies
(1) This term is the subject of scholarly research, indicating its importance in the context of existence.[32]
Hindu concept of 'Rupa'
In Hinduism, "Rupa" encompasses multiple meanings. Primarily, it signifies the physical form or appearance of the divine and the signs and symptoms of a disease. It is essential for diagnosis and treatment, representing the complete manifestation of an illness, including its specific characteristics and the imbalances within the body.
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) Rupa are the actual signs and symptoms of the disease seen in the Vyakta Avastha, which help in diagnosing and confirming a disease.[33] (2) These are mentioned in prominent Brihat Samhitas, and Asthi Kshaya and Vikruta Asthivriddhi Lakshanas are considered under Asthyashraya Vyadhis by most of the Samhitas, indicating manifestations of the condition.[34] (3) It refers to symptoms such as burning sensation throughout the body, nasal bleeding, fever, throat swelling, vomiting, sour belching, fatigue, and aversion to food.[35] (4) Symptoms of Amlapitta have been described by Kashyapa, Madhava Kara, and Harita, with later workers following Madhavkar, and Basavaraja included Amlapitta in Nanatmaja diseases of Pitta and Vakshiva Paridosha.[36] (5) This is a term which means symptoms in Ayurveda, which is used to identify the Sthaulya Roga.[37]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) These are monitory signs and symptoms of Pandu, including Durbalata and Annadwesha.[38] (2) It refers to the cardinal symptoms of Pakshaghata, which include hemiplegia, loss of motor function, and pain.[39] (3) This stage is where actual symptoms commence from Vyakta avastha. The clear manifestation of the prodromal itself is called this.[40] (4) These are clinical features, and diagnosis of a disease can be made through inference based on these features.[41] (5) It is a component of Nidana Pancaka, representing clinical features of disease.[42]
From: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine
(1) Rupa, in the context of Pancha nidan, refers to the signs and symptoms of a disease, which are detailed for Parikartika.[43] (2) This refers to the classical form or the signs and symptoms of Yakrddalyudara, which are mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic classics.[44] (3) This term refers to the signs and symptoms of a disease, which is an important aspect of the diagnostic process, and aids in identifying the specific characteristics of a condition.[45]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) A quality that, along with supreme aishvarya, lila and dhama, is eternal and ever-present in Goloka, but could not manifest on this earthly planet unless they were made to descend.[46] (2) form[47] (3) Form; signifies the physical presence or appearance of the divine.[48]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) This is a being to whom all glories are given along with Sanatana and the dear Lord.[49] (2) This is the name of one of the two brothers who are offering prayers in the verse.[50] (3) The other brother who, along with Sakara Mallika, was blessed by the Lord's gaze.[51]
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) This term specifically denotes the quality of physical attractiveness or beauty.[52] (2) This refers to form, which describes appearance, the way something looks, or its manifestation.[53]
From: Srila Gurudeva (The Supreme Treasure)
(1) Refers to the form of the Supreme Lord; in this context, it is connected to discussions of divine presence.[54]
From: Vastu-shastra (Introduction to Indian architecture)
(1) Refers to 'form' which is essential for the tangible manifestation in the production processes of Yantras.[55]
From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology
(1) This refers to a unit or point, e.g. of astrological strength.[56]
From: Shat-cakra-nirupana (the six bodily centres)
(1) Let him next meditate on the lustrous sense of vision, and absorb all these and Rasa (taste) into this (Sight), and thereafter lead Jivatma, Kundalini, and this, into Anahata, as mentioned.[57]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) It is one of the five qualities that are based on the more fundamental sattva, rajas and tamas.[58]
Jain concept of 'Rupa'
In Jainism, "Rupa" (रूप) translates to "cattle" or "beast." This term emphasizes the animalistic aspect of life, suggesting a focus on the physical existence and the characteristics of animals within the Jain philosophical framework.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) (रूप, rupa), signifies cattle or beast.[59]
The concept of Rupa in local and regional sources
Rupa appears in multiple contexts. It signifies the symptomatology of a disease, a form or aspect within a song technique, and a character's name. This character, in "The Last Wedding Anniversary," is Lalit's ambitious wife, contributing to marital conflict.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) The text mentions rupa, the form, and Bhava, the idea, which are aspects of the technique of song.[60] (2) Lalit’s wife in 'The Last Wedding Anniversary', portrayed as shrewish and ambitious, contributing to the couple's marital tension.[61]
From: History of Science in South Asia
(1) This refers to symptomatology, one of the five forms of knowledge about a disease, and is presented in the first chapter of the Persian text.[62]
From: Gommatsara by Acharya Nemichandra
(1) Figurative truth, where descriptions or statements are not meant to be taken literally but convey a deeper meaning.[63]
The concept of Rupa in scientific sources
Rupa refers to the observable signs and symptoms of a disease, playing a crucial role in diagnosis and understanding its progression. It encompasses the fully manifested state of a disease, reflecting its specific characteristics and aiding in identifying the predominant dosha involved.
From: Religious Inquiries (Journal)
(1) Rupa refers to form, one of the results of maya or cosmological illusion, which causes distinctions and differences according to Shankara.[64]
From: Religions Journal (MDPI)
(1) Rupa, referred to as matter, is one of the four ultimate truths in Ashin Garudhamma's teachings, relating to consciousness, mental factors, and nibbana.[65]