Significance of Reasoning
Reasoning is a multifaceted concept that finds interpretations across various philosophical and religious traditions. In Jainism, it indicates cognitive abilities in certain beings, while Tibetan Buddhism emphasizes logic and evidence for conclusions. Vaishnavism sees it as thought leading to logical conclusions, and Purana views it as a means to discover truth. Vedanta regards reasoning as a crucial tool for understanding complex philosophical ideas and truth. Overall, reasoning is portrayed as an essential process for logical thinking and drawing inferences throughout these traditions.
Synonyms: Thinking, Logical thinking, Rationale, Deduction, Inference, Argumentation, Deliberation, Judgment, Analysis, Contemplation, Logic, Interpretation, Inference.
In German: Argumentation; In Dutch: Redenering; In Finnish: Päättely; In Spanish: Razonamiento; In Portugese: Raciocínio; In Italian: Ragionamento; In Polish: Rozumowanie; In French: Raisonnement; In Malay: Penaakulan; In Swedish: Resonemang
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Reasoning'
Reasoning in Buddhism encompasses faith in the Dhamma, logical assessment of one's identity, and the application of logic and evidence to draw conclusions, ultimately guiding individuals in their pursuit of understanding and enlightenment.
From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]
(1) The provided text says that if in some cases, a defect in the Conclusion is actually urged, there also it should be taken as having been urged only for the purpose of demolishing the Invariable Concomitance; or such instances may be regarded as possible only in cases where the Conclusion alone has been asserted (without any "reasoning" in support of it).[1] (2) It is the process of thinking about things in a logical way, and it is a means by which individuals realize the impermanence and lack of inherent substance in all things.[2] (3) A line of argumentation that, when examined closely, reveals a multitude of flaws, such as the absence of a particular characteristic in the subject and corroborative instance.[3] (4) It is the process of drawing conclusions or inferences from facts, evidence, or assumptions, and it is being discussed for its validity.[4] (5) These are propounded by the buddhist and the all-comprehensive invariable concomitance is asserted in them according to the provided text.[5]
From: Patipada (path of practice)
(1) This is what the Lord has given us, and if anyone has faith in this and is dedicated to the practice of it in such a way that he is ready to give his life for it without the slightest fear that Dhamma will lead him to loss and ruin.[6]
From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka
(1) A reasoning arose in the mind of the venerable Kappina the Great concerning whether to go to an Observance or a formal act of the Order.[7]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) The passage highlights the need for reasoning, as the animals blindly followed the hare's warning, showcasing the consequences of not thinking critically.[8]
From: Bodhisattvacharyavatara
(1) It refers to the irrefutable wisdom of the Buddha as preserved in the scriptures. The logical implications of a story are considered this.[9]
Hindu concept of 'Reasoning'
Reasoning in Hinduism involves logical thinking based on facts, serving as a supportive method for knowledge alongside Smriti and Scripture. It aids in discerning truth, analyzing doctrines, and understanding existence within philosophical discussions.
From: Vivekachudamani
(1) Reasoning constitutes a crucial component, working in conjunction with Scripture and personal realization, essential for achieving the understanding of the Self of all.[10] (2) This is based upon scriptural statements to be convinced of their truth, for instance, bondage being a creation of one's mind must be unreal.[11] (3) The process of logical thinking that is utilized to make sense of and analyze the nature of existence.[12] (4) The process of thinking about something in a logical way to form a conclusion or judgment.[13]
From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)
(1) This signifies the process of logical thinking and argumentation employed to either support or refute specific doctrines, and it plays a crucial role in the evaluation of different viewpoints, as implied by the text.[14] (2) The provided text mentions that reasoning is to be allowed its place as a subordinate auxiliary of intuitional knowledge, not as bare independent ratiocination.[15] (3) Reasoning is considered a valid method for understanding Brahman, as the text suggests it enables us to infer something not actually perceived, and it is seen as standing nearer to perception than scripture.[16] (4) The reasoning on which the doctrine of the impartiteness of the pradhana rests.[17]
From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)
(1) The process of thinking about something in a logical way, based on facts, which, along with Smriti and Scripture, supports the idea that knowledge is promoted.[18] (2) The logical process used to deduce the nature of the Self and the distinction between bliss in Brahman and individual souls.[19] (3) The logical approach that illustrates that Being and Non-being are attributes of things, providing clarification on existence.[20]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika
(1) Reasoning is the process by which Brahman, identified as real, knowledge, and infinite, and also one and self-luminous, is clearly established, especially within the context of the Brahmasutra.[21] (2) The logical analysis and thought processes employed to determine the truth or validity of philosophical viewpoints.[22]
From: Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya)
(1) The process used to demonstrate that certain scriptural terms refer to Brahman, even if used differently.[23] (2) The text describes it as having no sure basis and unable to upset the conclusions of Vedanta because what one person establishes can be refuted.[24]
From: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
(1) A method used by Yajnavalkya in the discussions relating to Brahman and opposing sides.[25]
From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)
(1) The rational method of discerning Truth in Vedanta philosophy, characterized by an analysis of different states of consciousness.[26]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) Reasoning is presented as a contrasting approach to direct vision, where conclusions are drawn through logical thought processes rather than solely on personal experience or the word of authority.[27] (2) According to the verse, the understanding of genuineness is based on experience and not on deduction, implying that reasoning is not the primary factor in acquiring expertise.[28] (3) The text describes reasoning as potentially unreliable if unsupported by tradition, and can be challenged by others.[29] (4) The act of relying on one's own intellect, which can lead to errors, especially without the guidance of tradition or experienced individuals.[30] (5) The thought process utilized to draw inferences and understand meanings beyond literal words.[31]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) It, called Yukti Pramana, is based on inference and is used to ascertain the pathogenesis of a disease.[32] (2) Reasoning is the process of combining multiple factors to arrive at a logical conclusion, which is used in Yukti Pramana for treatment planning.[33]
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) It is explored as the foundation of any knowledge base with respect to Yukti Pramana in Ayurveda.[34]
From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4
(1) Fair reasoning is a quality possessed by the clear and high-minded man, who has renounced the company of stupid folks, according to the provided text.[35] (2) This combined with the society of the respectable leads efficiently to the improvement of the understanding, and next to the making of a great person.[36] (3) The mental process through which humans discover truth and overcome difficulties.[37]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) The process of thought that leads to conclusions based on logic and rationale.[38]
From: Sri Krishna-Chaitanya
(1) Reasoning is the act of making pictures yield secondary conclusions, described as hues, through the methodical application of both the processes of analysis and synthesis to the mental data.[39]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) Reasoning is explicitly identified as a means for getting at the truth, and a king who comes to a proper conclusion through reasoning shall decide cases equitably toward all living beings.[40] (2) The process through which the relationship of the child to its progenitors can be understood and debated.[41]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 1: Initiation, Mercury and Laboratory
(1) Reasoning is an essential attribute for a disciple, enabling them to analyze information, solve problems, and think critically to understand complex concepts.[42]
From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali
(1) Logical conclusions derived from observations and articulations regarding the nature and status of Communities and individuals.[43]
Jain concept of 'Reasoning'
In Jainism, Reasoning is viewed as a cognitive trait that can be present or absent in infernal beings, highlighting the variability in their intellectual capabilities and understanding within the philosophical framework of the religion.
From: Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti)
(1) A trait that may or may not be present in certain infernal beings, indicating their cognitive abilities.[44]
The concept of Reasoning in local and regional sources
Reasoning involves logical thinking and is fundamentally connected to the belief in human freedom, serving as a foundation for rational thought and decision-making according to regional sources.
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) Reasoning is not the motive power; it is the historian of the actions of the human beings, meaning it comes after events to understand them rather than driving them.[45] (2) It is limiting something by our own minds; we throw a net and catch something, and then say that we have demonstrated it.[46] (3) Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical way, and the constitutional belief of man in freedom is the basis of all reasoning.[47]
The concept of Reasoning in scientific sources
Reasoning, in this context, is presented as the subject of fallacies, particularly in arguments. It contrasts with cognitive errors, which relate to perception and thinking methods, not necessarily argumentation.
From: Sustainability Journal (MDPI)
(1) Reasoning is a cognitive ability analyzed in the study, particularly associated with mathematics performance, and it was shown to be predicted by self-esteem, subsequently favoring better academic grades in that specific subject.[48] (2) The provided information includes reasoning, which is the process of drawing conclusions or inferences from evidence and logic.[49] (3) Reasoning is a cognitive process that involves complex situations that demand reflection to achieve a solution, and reasoning tasks entail complex situations that, based on applying, demand reasoning and reflection.[50] (4) The information provides insight into developing this and problem-solving tactics as they carried different strategies to accomplish the task.[51]
From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
(1) Reasoning and rule-setting were significant independent predictors of unhealthy snack consumption, and the consumption of unhealthy snacks among adolescents decreased with the use of the reasoning parenting practice and the authoritative parenting style, and higher reasoning and authoritative parenting practices decreased the consumption of unhealthy snacks.[52] (2) Reasoning is a cognitive ability assessed by Horn's test, involving tasks where participants identify irregularities in geometric figures, letters, and numbers to complete series.[53] (3) It is the thought processes and justifications used by individuals to make decisions or take actions related to the intervention.[54]
From: Religions Journal (MDPI)
(1) This document refers to it as something to consider when information and decision-making are provided through AI technologies, also as a hallmark of people’s lives.[55] (2) It is often marginalized in representations of Islamic tradition by Orientalists and anthropologists, with its presence viewed as a symptom of crisis.[56]
From: Religious Inquiries (Journal)
(1) Something that fallacies refer to, especially in arguments with opponents, whereas cognitive errors pertain to methods of perception and thinking.[57]
Classical concept of 'Reasoning'
From: The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle
(1) It is a shared characteristic of cleverness and practical wisdom, but they differ in purpose. This is why some people think that some people have practical wisdom but are incontinent.[58] (2) Reasoning is involved in excellence in deliberation, and it distinguishes deliberation from skill in conjecture, which involves no reasoning, thus making reasoning a critical component of the process of excellence in deliberation.[59] (3) It must be true and the desire right, if the choice is to be good. It is with a view to an end. Choice is either desiderative or ratiocinative desire.[60] (4) Reasoning is not sufficient for determining the extent of deviation from goodness, as such judgments rely on perception and particular facts rather than logical deduction.[61]