Significance of Proper means
Proper means is a concept recognized across various philosophies, including Jainism, Tibetan Buddhism, Purana, Vedanta, Mahayana, Theravada, and Indian history. It encompasses the requirement for effective actions and decision-making, correct methods for gaining knowledge and understanding, and ethical approaches to achieving success. This term signifies the strategies needed to navigate challenges while adhering to moral standards, ensuring that practices align with spiritual principles and righteous governance. Ultimately, Proper means guide individuals toward achieving their goals and salvation ethically and effectively.
Synonyms: Appropriate, Suitable, Correct, Right, Proper, Ideal
In Dutch: Juiste middelen; In Finnish: Oikeat keinot; In Spanish: Medios adecuados
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Proper means'
In Buddhism, "Proper means" encompasses ethical methods for acquiring necessities, cognitive tools for productive actions, approaches for understanding knowledge, strategies for resolving doubt, and Buddha-guided practices for cultivation and insight.
From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]
(1) The correct methods or instruments identified for obtaining cognition, which is significant for productive actions.[1] (2) Appropriate methods or approaches that facilitate the understanding or acquisition of knowledge.[2] (3) The appropriate method or approach to be followed when dealing with a situation that involves doubt, leading to successful ascertainment.[3]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) The right way to acquire necessities that align with the ethical conduct of a bhikkhu.[4]
From: Shurangama Sutra (with commentary) (English)
(1) The appropriate methods provided by the Buddha to achieve cultivation and insight.[5]
Hindu concept of 'Proper means'
In Hinduism, "Proper means" encompasses ethical methods for practices like yoga, resource acquisition, governance, and overcoming challenges, emphasizing righteousness and moral standards to achieve spiritual and worldly success while adhering to wisdom and principles.
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) Righteous and justifiable methods of acquiring wealth and power that align with moral standards.[6] (2) Ethical or rightful methods of acquiring wealth or resources.[7] (3) The correct methods or practices, such as yoga, employed to perceive the Soul.[8] (4) The correct or appropriate methods for achieving success and avoiding pitfalls.[9] (5) The right methods or strategies employed in achieving one's goals, which contribute to success.[10]
From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4
(1) Correct methods or practices that lead to the desired outcomes or abilities in both worldly and spiritual contexts.[11] (2) The correct methods or strategies employed in overcoming challenges, particularly in subjugating the mind.[12]
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) The actions advocated by wise individuals to counteract a curse or inevitable circumstances.[13] (2) The approach recommended to save a life, involving adherence to spiritual and moral principles.[14]
From: Markandeya Purana
(1) Refers to the ethical way of acquiring offerings that are not commended if obtained through bribes or improper means.[15]
From: Katha Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary
(1) The appropriate methods or approaches required to know the atman effectively, as highlighted in the commentary.[16]
From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)
(1) The correct methods and practices that can help in bringing the mind under discipline.[17]
Jain concept of 'Proper means'
In Jainism, "Proper means" signifies the necessity for purposeful actions that yield effective results, as illustrated by Rama's critique of Jatayus' unsuccessful attempts, highlighting the importance of choices leading to meaningful outcomes.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) The requirement for effective actions or decisions, emphasized by Rama in response to Jatayus’ futile efforts.[18]
The concept of Proper means in local and regional sources
The keyphrase "Proper means" emphasizes the correct approach for achieving salvation, particularly through dedication to Shri Rama, as outlined in the regional sources. This highlights the importance of devotion in spiritual practices.
From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints
(1) The correct approach or method to achieve salvation, as highlighted by the focus on devoting oneself to Shri Rama.[19]