Significance of Perception
In the context of the provided text, Perception is a multifaceted concept across various disciplines. It involves the interpretation of sensory information, awareness of objects, and the cognitive processes that shape understanding. This process is examined in areas like Buddhism, Hinduism, and Health Sciences. It is explored through different lenses, including sensory experience, cognitive functions, and individual interpretations, influencing actions and behaviors.
Synonyms: Awareness, Insight, Understanding, Observation, Interpretation, Viewpoint, Consciousness, Discernment, Impression, Recognition, Intuition, Sensitivity
In French: Perception; In Dutch: Perceptie; In Finnish: Havainto; In Spanish: Percepción; In German: Wahrnehmung; In Swedish: Uppfattning; In Malay: Persepsi; In Italian: Percezione; In Polish: Postrzeganie; In Portugese: Percepção
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Perception'
In Buddhism, Perception (Samjna/Sanna) is a fundamental cognitive process. It's the immediate awareness and interpretation of sensory information, forming our understanding of the world. It's one of the five aggregates, linked to suffering, and limited to specific objects, like color, and it is a crucial element in understanding the nature of reality and individual characteristics, and it is the base of cognition and a way to understand the relation of Cause and Effect.
From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]
(1) The text indicates that through perception and non-apprehension, it is ascertained that the lotus and its filaments have their 'cause' in the seed, clay, water, and other related factors.[1] (2) Perception is a central theme, especially in relation to color and form, where the text argues that nothing of a different nature is perceived apart from the color itself, leading to a discussion on how things are apprehended.[2] (3) "Perception" is a key element, as the passage explores whether the external object is cognized through perception and how the characteristics of atoms relate to this perception.[3] (4) The way certain things are understood or interpreted, particularly when influenced by specific factors or origins, aligns precisely with how it is observed in the current moment.[4] (5) It is the awareness of things through the senses. It is considered doubtful due to experiences like dreams where things are perceived without existing.[5]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) It is described as 'my atta' by Saccaka, which is then questioned by the Buddha.[6] (2) It is also known as sanna, and it perceives the object of contemplation.[7]
From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life
(1) Perception, also known as sanna, is a cetasika which arises with every citta and has the characteristic of perceiving, marking the object which is experienced so that it can be recognized later on.[8] (2) A mental phenomenon classified as one of the five aggregates, arising with each moment of citta, remembering and 'marking' an object so that it can be recognized, but is impermanent.[9]
From: A Discourse on Paticcasamuppada
(1) The mental process of recognizing and interpreting sensory information, one of the five khandhas.[10]
From: Introducing Buddhist Abhidhamma
(1) The act of perceiving, crucial for creatures to gain clarity in understanding according to their perspectives.[11]
From: Patthana Dhamma
(1) Sanna, which allows citta to cognize and recognize objects through markers or characteristics.[12]
From: Guide to Tipitaka
(1) This is one of the components of the five aggregates, and is shown to be a bundle of suffering, as stated in the text.[13]
From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)
(1) Perception is likened to a mirage, representing a basic element of experience in Buddhist thought.[14]
From: A Manual of Abhidhamma
(1) Perception is the apprehension of ordinary sense-objects, such as trees, houses, chairs, etc., on the occasion of sensory stimulation.[15]
From: Milindapanha (questions of King Milinda)
(1) Recognition is a key characteristic of it, distinct from reason and the absence of a soul in beings.[16]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) Perception (samjna), along with feeling, formations, and consciousnesses, is described in the text as being empty by self nature.[17] (2) Perception, known as samjna, is also identified as mara, representing the cognitive process of recognizing and labeling phenomena.[18] (3) The manner in which realities are experienced or understood, which can lead to misunderstanding the true nature of dharmas.[19]
From: The Perfection Of Wisdom In Eight Thousand Lines
(1) It is an element that, when there is no apprehension of it, allows one to realize all dharmas through emptiness and non-production.[20] (2) They, who make their course the perfectly pure, does not course in perception.[21]
From: Akshayamatinirdesha [english]
(1) This is one of the places that consciousness is involved with, playing a crucial role in how we experience things.[22]
From: Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
(1) It is described as something to be done away with to reach Emancipation.[23]
From: The Great Chariot
(1) This is one of the four skandhas of name and the four natures, along with feeling, formations, and consciousness, which are supported by the mind's continuous flow.[24]
Hindu concept of 'Perception'
In Hinduism, Perception is a crucial process of acquiring knowledge through the senses. It involves experiencing, interpreting, and understanding the world, serving as a valid means of proof and a foundation for accurate conceptions. It is a key element for gaining insight into Dharma and is distinct from other forms of knowledge.
From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika
(1) The text says that if difference is absence, it cannot be known through this because it requires sense-object contact, which absence lacks.[25] (2) It is a way of knowing that is dependent on man’s intellect, and there is scope for doubt in respect to what is known through it. This contrasts with shruti, which is considered free from defect.[26] (3) It is a means through which objects are known, revealing what has remained unknown, and it highlights the difference between the state of being unknown and known.[27] (4) A means of knowledge that is not required for attaining the knowledge of Brahman-Atman and is absent in the experience of Self during deep sleep.[28] (5) Perception is a method of knowing empirical objects, like stocks and stones, and is one of the means through which they are understood, unlike the Self.[29]
From: Mandukya Upanishad
(1) Changes in perception are due to changes in conscious states, which ultimately leads to the conclusion that anything changing is unreal.[30] (2) Perception, together with name and form, creates the illusion of birth, death, and individuality, obscuring the true nature of existence.[31] (3) Associated with both the dual with the object and the dual without the object; it is seen differently by the Realised Sage.[32] (4) It is the awareness of things, but perceiving them as real can mislead, especially for those fearful of the doctrine of non-origination.[33] (5) It is traditionally known to occur among the three concepts excluding the one that is particularly known, implying an understanding of how things are observed and experienced.[34]
From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)
(1) Perception is a means of right knowledge that involves direct intuition, and the knowledge of Brahman is said to terminate in this.[35] (2) This, along with other means of proof, is valid before true knowledge springs up, and it ceases to be valid once true knowledge emerges, according to the text.[36] (3) The process of becoming aware of something through the senses, providing a means of understanding the substrate of qualities in the world.[37] (4) This is the result of the conjunction of the soul, senses, and objects, which together constitute the instruments of perception, and sometimes it is constant.[38]
From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)
(1) The apprehension of things distinguished by generic character, not merely pure Being, giving rise to judgments about distinction and inherent qualities.[39] (2) It is a means of knowledge that shows the world with all its sentient and non-sentient beings to be of a non-intelligent and impure nature.[40]
From: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
(1) The process through which an individual experiences and interprets the world.[41]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Bhoja’s Rajamartanda)
(1) The initial process of understanding the world through the recognition of various objects that present themselves to one's view.[42] (2) The process of becoming aware of or understanding something through the senses, which is a critical component in the relationship between the perceiver and the object.[43] (3) Perception is that function of the thinking principle by which knowledge of external objects is acquired through the senses, focusing on common and peculiar characteristics.[44]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) The process by which qualities like taste are understood through their universals and associated powers.[45] (2) The ability to perceive things, which is different from adrishta, inference, tradition and practice.[46] (3) The awareness of a particular shape that occurs because of the consistent association of a word with a specific item, is not considered to be within the scope of a word's inherent properties.[47]
From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4
(1) It is required, along with conception and meditation, to fully grasp the world as a vision.[48] (2) The process facilitated by the Intellect that allows beings to encounter and interpret experiences.[49]
From: The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha
(1) The first kind of proof that involves direct sensory experience, regarded as foundational for establishing knowledge.[50]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) It is one of the three crucial elements that must be fully understood to gain proper insight into Dharma, serving as a fundamental means of acquiring knowledge and forming accurate conceptions about the world.[51]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) It, known as Pratyaksha, is essential as it precedes inference and acts as a source of knowledge.[52]
From: Kautilya Arthashastra
(1) Perception through the senses is a key aspect of understanding the world, and its proper management is central to the restraint of the organs of sense.[53]
The concept of Perception in local and regional sources
Perception, as described in the text, is a process where the soul experiences external objects' influence through brain centers and organs. It's a state of polarized consciousness achieved by understanding the individual and the understood, forming a triangular relationship.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) It can become obstructed within the flow of illusion, causing a loss of detachment, which ultimately results in stagnation and impedes progress.[54] (2) This is a state that consciousness becomes polarized into, which is achieved through the triangular arrangement of understanding, the individual, and what is understood.[55]
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) Perceptions are made when the mind reacts to an impression, such as seeing a wall, requiring an intellectual process, and the entire universe is seen through our eyes plus mind, colored by individual tendencies, according to the text.[56] (2) This is the result when the Purusha (the soul) receives the affections of external objects after they are carried through various brain centers and organs.[57]
The concept of Perception in scientific sources
Perception, as described in the text, encompasses a wide range of interpretations. It covers how individuals view medical procedures, diseases, crises, and educational settings. It also refers to the understanding of healthcare practices, technologies, and personal well-being, reflecting beliefs, attitudes, and the cognitive process of interpreting sensory information.
From: Sustainability Journal (MDPI)
(1) It is found that these aspects and marketing strategies related to low-carbon tourism have a more significant effect on travelers' decisions compared to just focusing on the destination's features.[58] (2) The way foreign products are understood, along with the subsequent evaluation of these items, is considered as the perception in this context.[59] (3) Perceptions are important because informal rules comprise value judgements such as attitudes, perceptions, preferences, conventions, customs, traditions, and morals that are largely self-enforcing.[60] (4) Perception refers to the CSA farmers' understanding and interpretation of the benefits and drawbacks associated with managing a CSA farm, which can vary across different countries.[61] (5) Perceptions refer to the views and opinions of teachers regarding the difficulties of implementing STEM, categorized into rational, neutral, and irrational groups based on reasoning.[62]
From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
(1) This refers to how individuals understand and interpret their own gum health, including their beliefs about the causes and consequences of gum bleeding, which is assessed in the study.[63] (2) "Perception" relates to consumers' views on the barriers and susceptibility related to food poisoning prevention, evaluated through a Likert scale assessing their agreement with statements about perceived barriers and susceptibility.[64] (3) Perceptions, in the context of this document, refer to the children's level of enjoyment and self-efficacy, which are evaluated through specific questions.[65] (4) Perceptions are the views and beliefs that individuals hold about tobacco products, influenced by factors like MRTP claims, nicotine content, and product characteristics.[66] (5) The understanding, attitude, or belief of health professionals toward the digitalization of the health sector, which is crucial for the successful implementation of digital health initiatives.[67]
From: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics
(1) This describes the views and attitudes of pharmacists toward biosimilars, including their safety, efficacy, and interchangeability.[68] (2) The views and beliefs of Saudi adults regarding leisure activities and prolonged sitting, as assessed in the study.[69] (3) It is one of the parameters that needs to be assessed regarding self-medication among the urban population.[70] (4) It represents the views and opinions of Vietnamese university students about contraceptives, including their safety and convenience, and willingness to pay.[71] (5) The study evaluated the perception of undergraduate pharmacy students about pharmacovigilance and adverse drug events reporting.[72]
From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
(1) This is a keyword that is related to myths and beliefs surrounding pregnancy.[73] (2) This is another key area of the study, investigating the medical students' views and interpretations regarding the SARS crisis, its future, and the actions taken.[74] (3) This refers to an individual's understanding, beliefs, and attitudes toward workplace violence and its prevention strategies.[75] (4) This describes the students' views on the future of a crisis and the handling of it by governments, compared between different phases of their education.[76] (5) Perception represents the way students view and understand their educational setting, which is measured and analyzed through questionnaires to identify strengths and weaknesses.[77]
From: South African Family Practice
(1) These are individual's views of the benefits of and barriers to HCT, impacting willingness to test for HIV and ability to develop self-efficacy.[78] (2) The complex final stage of the pain pathway, primarily occurring in specific areas of the brain, where nociceptive signals are interpreted to experience pain.[79] (3) The opinions or views of medical students regarding the need for the Millennium Development Goals in South Africa, as well as their views on the success of the implementation of the goals.[80] (4) This refers to how people think about something, their opinions, and their views on how they are viewed by others, especially regarding body image.[81] (5) These reflect people’s views and thoughts, and are ideas that exist in the minds of people about how they are viewed by others, influencing their actions, behavior and lifestyles.[82]
From: African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine
(1) The views and beliefs of speech-language therapists regarding the impact of the National Health Insurance on speech-language therapy service provision.[83] (2) A key aspect in understanding patients' views of service delivery to guide health services on achieving quality care.[84] (3) This involves the views and understandings of the adult population in the United States regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak, and this was examined to understand public attitudes.[85] (4) The way individuals view lower limb amputation, influencing their decision-making and acceptance of the procedure, as well as their overall well-being.[86] (5) These are the ways in which something is regarded, and the ability to change these of staff members and inspire them to use knowledge will be influenced by the skill of the trainer.[87]
From: Journal of Public Health in Africa
(1) Perception, in the context of this study, refers to the community members' views and understanding of the COVID-19 vaccine, which the study aimed to determine in South-West Nigeria.[88] (2) The views and beliefs of the participants regarding the disease, assessed in the study, including their opinions on its danger and the effectiveness of government measures, and considered good for a response score ≥ 75%.[89] (3) This refers to the way healthcare workers view and understand the use of digital technologies in the context of mental health services, including their attitudes, beliefs, and experiences related to these tools.[90] (4) Perception of vaccine safety and efficacy varied among regions, as well as the way information about COVID-19 and its vaccines is presented.[91] (5) This is a follow-up action from one’s knowledge, and it is one of the factors that influences adherence in PLWHA using ARVs.[92]
From: South African Journal of HIV Medicine
(1) Perceptions of male circumcision, HIV risk, and related health issues are examined to understand behaviors and acceptance of prevention methods.[93] (2) The provided text discusses knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of pharmacy and nursing students towards male circumcision and HIV, indicating an examination of beliefs.[94] (3) This refers to the beliefs and attitudes of the participants, and the study assessed their perceptions of all components of the PMTCT programme.[95] (4) This describes the way that people understand something, as it was an element used in the study to determine the students' viewpoint toward voluntary medical male circumcision.[96]
From: South African Journal of Physiotherapy
(1) These are the ways in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted, and they are evaluated regarding evidence-based practice within the context of the study.[97] (2) These were the authors' pre-existing ideas and understandings, which were discussed to prevent them from influencing the data analysis.[98] (3) Perception is the interpretation of sensory stimuli, and is a possible defect in intelligent hemiplegias, and physiotherapists must understand what their role should be in handling these difficulties, and the text indicates.[99]
From: Religions Journal (MDPI)
(1) Perception involves the spirit in the pupil of the eye encountering the colors of things, requiring the coming together of internal light and external brightness.[100] (2) Avicenna's account of perception can be found in al-Ta'liqat, and a detailed study of Avicenna’s theory of sensation can be found in Black 2014.[101]
From: Religious Inquiries (Journal)
(1) Perception plays a role in the development of emotions, and pleasure is the perception of the suitable, while pain is the perception of an unsuitable thing.[102]
From: South African Journal of Psychiatry
(1) This is a cognitive process or function that is considered in conjunction with attention and motor control, which is frequently assessed when reviewing deficits in children, and is studied within the scope of developmental conditions.[103] (2) This refers to the medical students' opinions and experiences of the psychiatry rotation, with the study evaluating their feelings on the usefulness, effectiveness, and adequacy of the activities and their training.[104]
Classical concept of 'Perception'
From: The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle
(1) The passage refers to perception, stating that life is defined by the power of perception or thought, suggesting that the act of perceiving or thinking is essential to existence and contributes to a sense of being.[105] (2) Is a crucial element in decision-making, particularly when combined with universal and particular premises; actions are often determined by what is perceived in a specific situation.[106] (3) Perception is essential for understanding particulars, and this perception is intuitive reason, highlighting the role of innate understanding in grasping specific details.[107] (4) It is akin to that by which we perceive that the particular figure before us is a triangle. Practical wisdom is concerned with the ultimate particular, which is the object not of scientific knowledge but of this.[108] (5) Determining how long one should be angry depends on particular facts, and the decision rests with perception, as it is not easy to determine by reasoning.[109]