Significance of Penalty
The concept of Penalty is interpreted differently in Dharmashastra and Theravada texts. In Dharmashastra, it refers to a fine for witnesses who do not testify truthfully and consequences for perjury. In Theravada, Penalty signifies the punishment imposed on monks or nuns for rule violations, including specific consequences related to individual offenses like those faced by Udayi. It also includes a consistent punitive framework for various offences, ensuring uniformity in the application of penalties across similar cases.
Synonyms: Punishment, Fine, Sanction, Consequence, Retribution, Infraction, Discipline, Forfeit
In Spanish: Pena; In Finnish: Rangaistus
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Penalty'
In Buddhism, "Penalty" signifies the consequences faced by monks or nuns for rule violations, including specific punishments like the case of Udayi, maintaining consistent repercussions for similar offenses like Samghadisesa.
From: Vinaya (3): The Cullavagga
(1) The consequence imposed for committing an offence, which remains consistent for similar offences such as Samghadisesa and mixed offences.[1] (2) The consequence or punishment that was to be imposed on Udayi as part of the proceedings regarding his offence.[2]
From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka
(1) The consequence imposed on a monk or nun for offenses committed against the established rules.[3]
Hindu concept of 'Penalty'
In Hinduism, "Penalty" signifies a fine imposed on witnesses who do not testify truthfully and the consequences faced by a perjuror, particularly if they experience misfortunes soon after their false testimony.
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) A consequence that a witness may incur for being judged as a perjuror due to suffering any of the stated calamities shortly after testifying.[4] (2) A fine prescribed for witnesses who fail to testify truthfully.[5]