Significance of Patala
Synonyms: Naraka, Underworld, Netherworld
In Dutch: Patala; In Finnish: Patala; In Spanish: Patala
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Hindu concept of 'Patala'
In Hinduism, Patala is interpreted as the underworld, linked to various concepts like captivity, spiritual realms, and suffering. It serves as a domain for demons, secrets, and complex narratives involving deities and mythical beings.
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) A mythical underworld where it is suggested that the Danavas should seek refuge to escape defeat from the Devi.[1] (2) The netherworld that the Daityas fear they will descend into as a result of their actions and decisions.[2] (3) A mythical underworld realm, suggested as a place of retreat for Mahisha, where he is advised to return what was forcefully taken from the Devas.[3] (4) The nether regions, where the practice of Yoga is not believed to exist.[4] (5) The underworld realm, referred to as the place where the Danavas were advised to go if they wished to avoid death.[5]
From: Skanda Purana
(1) The realm beneath the earth into which Lord Rudra's penis falls after being cursed by the sages.[6] (2) The nether world where enemies may hide, referenced by Krishna in the context of where Andhaka might be.[7] (3) The realm in which the Narakas are situated, often associated with suffering and the consequences of sinful actions.[8] (4) Referred to in the text as the sole of the feet, one of the seven layers that signify various parts of the physical body.[9] (5) The netherworld or underworld where the Danava Pralamba fled.[10]
From: Markandeya Purana
(1) An underworld realm mentioned in the context of the maiden's capture by a Naga.[11] (2) The underworld where the chasm leads, and the place where the events involving Kuvalayashva and Patalaketu occur.[12] (3) A place associated with the Nagas, contrasting with the earth and representing a different realm in the story.[13] (4) A mythical realm or location beneath the earth, associated with demons.[14] (5) The netherworld or underworld where King Uttama's queen is taken by the Naga king.[15]
From: Shiva Purana
(1) A realm mentioned as a possible refuge for Shankhacuda should he choose not to fight against lord Shiva.[16] (2) The underworld or nether region in Hindu cosmology, often associated with demons and dark forces.[17] (3) The netherworld, which the goddess refers to as a fate for the Asuras if they continue their hostility.[18] (4) Seven worlds mentioned as part of the universe's construction.[19]
From: Brahmanda Purana
(1) The Netherworld, a significant spiritual realm where beings might undergo punishment or testing.[20] (2) The lowest of the Nether-worlds, completing the arrangement of subterranean realms.[21] (3) The underworld where great Asuras remained hidden, indicating Karttavirya’s might that made them fearful.[22]
From: Vishnu Purana
(1) The seven regions or hells located beneath the earth, described in Hindu cosmology.[23] (2) The region situated below the earth, where various hells are located.[24] (3) A place described as more delightful than Indra's heaven, where Nagas and Danavas reside amidst splendid decorations and enjoy various pleasures.[25]
From: Padma Purana
(1) The netherworld or underworld, associated with serpentine beings and often portrayed as a space of both danger and refuge.[26] (2) The realm of the underworld in Hindu cosmology, inhabited by various beings.[27]
From: Bhagavata Purana
(1) The nethermost region of the subterranean world, inhabited by the Naga race led by King Vasuki.[28] (2) The lowest extreme of existence, located thirty thousand Yojanas below, where a part-manifestation of the Lord, known as Ananta, abides.[29]
From: Ramayana of Valmiki
(1) A nether region or underworld where the Rakshasas went after their defeat.[30] (2) A mythical realm or underworld in Hindu cosmology, mentioned as a possible dwelling place for Rama and Sita.[31]
From: Garuda Purana
(1) The seven underworld regions where the Daityas and serpents reside, which include Atala, Vitala, Nitala, Gabhastiman, Mahaksbya, Sutala, and Agra.[32] (2) A medicinal plant named for its use in the therapeutic formulations.[33]
From: Brihaddharma Purana (abridged)
(1) The underworld realm where Bhagiratha desires Ganga to go to redeem his ancestors.[34] (2) The netherworld realm where Bali was instructed to reside with Vishnu serving him as a doorkeeper.[35]
From: Laghu-yoga-vasistha
(1) The realm of the asuras, symbolizing material existence and the pursuits therein.[36]
From: Lalitopakhyana (Lalita Mahatmya)
(1) A reference to the underworld or nether regions, indicating the vastness and might of the chariot being capable of shaking the terrestrial realm.[37]
From: Vishnu Purana (Taylor)
(1) The foremost of the lower realms, acclaimed for its magnificence and adorned with jewellery and beauty.[38]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) The lowest of the seven planets beneath the earth, according to Shrimad Bhagavatam.[39] (2) A reference to a lower realm or netherworld in Hindu mythology, contrasted with the heavenly realms.[40] (3) The name of the lower planetary system mentioned in the text, associated with Anantadeva.[41] (4) A region described in the texts, approximately 240,000 miles beneath the planet, where Lord Ananta resides.[42] (5) A type of plant or vegetable mentioned in the text that is associated with the dietary practices of the Vaishnavas.[43]
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) One of the scriptures offered by Garga Muni to the gopis.[44] (2) Another type of plant found in the lush forest.[45] (3) Refers to a specific aspect or inquiry related to Lord Balarama within the context of the text.[46] (4) The term 'patala' refers to a specific state or condition that is being explained in the context.[47] (5) A term referring to a specific section or verse that offers teachings or knowledge, particularly in a spiritual context.[48]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) a specific subdivision of the subterranean heavens, also referenced as a beautified realm due to its divine presence.[49] (2) A location referenced in the text relating to Bhagavan's actions and events involving other significant figures like Ravana.[50]
From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)
(1) The underworld realm associated with Prabhasa, filled with riches and past connections that benefit Suryaprabha.[51] (2) The underworld realm where beings such as Nagas and Asuras are said to dwell, characterized by beauty and wealth.[52] (3) The realm of Trailokyamalin, significant in the narrative as the place of origin for the sought-after daughters.[53] (4) A significant location referenced in the context of the lords who act as sureties.[54] (5) The realm under the earth, described in the context of Bhunandana's love quest.[55]
From: Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra
(1) The layers or coats of the eye, essential for its structure and function.[56]
From: Brihat Samhita
(1) A trumpet flower whose growth indicates that cows will thrive.[57]
From: Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana
(1) The underworld or realm where the snakes reside, which the arrow seemed to address.[58]
From: Prasthanatrayi Swaminarayan Bhashyam (Study)
(1) The lower realms which are inhabited by daityas, nocturnal creatures, and other lower beings.[59]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)
(1) The netherworlds mentioned in the text, described as habitats for certain beings and spirits.[60]
From: Hanuman Nataka (critical study)
(1) A mythical realm or underworld from which supernatural items, like amrita, may be obtained according to the narrative.[61]
From: Samarangana-sutradhara (Summary)
(1) The underworld or nether regions in Hindu mythology, to which certain materials used in temple construction as indicated relate.[62]
Jain concept of 'Patala'
In Jainism, Patala represents a multifaceted concept, encompassing a sectarian identity mark, a realm of divine Nagakumaras, a unique deity, an underworld abyss important in illustrations, and a transformative tree associated with the Lord's karmas.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) The realm where the Nagakumaras reside and are depicted to hold divine worship.[63] (2) An underworld or deep abyss referenced to illustrate the depth of the moat, highlighting its significance.[64] (3) A type of tree beneath which the transformative event of the Lord's karmas breaking took place.[65] (4) A neuter noun referring to a sectarian mark on the forehead; signifies cultural identity.[66] (5) A deity or spiritual being originating from a specific congregation, characterized by unique physical attributes.[67]
The concept of Patala in scientific sources
Patala, or Stereospermum suaveolens, is an ayurvedic herb recognized for its traditional medicinal properties, notably in combating infectious diseases, reflecting its importance in regional herbal medicine practices.
From: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
(1) Layers of the eye that are affected by the pathological doshas and contribute to diseases like cataract.[68] (2) The stages of Timira, with each stage demonstrating a progression of the disease affecting visual perception.[69] (3) An anatomical term referring to layers or coatings over the eyes in Ayurvedic literature, linked to visual health.[70]
From: International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
(1) The six specific layers or membranes of the eye described in the Sushruta Samhita that provide depth to its anatomical understanding.[71] (2) Layers or structures mentioned in Ayurvedic texts, specifically in relation to the anatomy of the eye.[72]
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine
(1) An ayurvedic herb (Stereospermum suaveolens) evaluated for its traditional medicinal use, particularly in treating infectious diseases.[73]
From: Ayushdhara journal
(1) Refers to the layers or membranes in the eye as described in Ayurvedic texts, essential for understanding eye diseases.[74]