Significance of Metaphor

Metaphor is defined in various contexts, each offering a unique perspective. According to Purana, it is known as Rupaka, identifying the subject with a standard of comparison based on perceived similarities. The Natyashastra describes it as an implied comparison, presenting one thing as if it were another to convey meaning. In Mahayana, metaphor is a figurative reference used in naming texts, highlighting deeper meanings or concepts. Each interpretation emphasizes the richness and versatility of metaphor in communication.

Synonyms: Analogy, Comparison, Figure of speech, Simile, Symbol, Representation, Illustration, Allegory

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Metaphor'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, metaphor serves as a figurative tool to label texts, conveying profound meanings and concepts beyond literal interpretation, thus enriching understanding and spiritual insight within the teachings.

Significance of Metaphors in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):

Mahayana Books

From: Bodhisattvacharyavatara

(1) A figurative reference used when naming texts, illustrating deeper meanings or concepts.^[1]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Metaphor'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, metaphor, or Rupaka, involves identifying a subject with a standard comparison based on similarities, creating an implied comparison that enhances understanding by presenting one concept as another, enriching spiritual and philosophical interpretations.

Significance of Metaphors in Kavyashastra (science of poetry):

Kavyashastra Books

From: Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

(1) A figure of speech that implies a comparison, enriching the text's meaning and understanding of emotions.^[2] (2) A figure of speech where a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.^[3] (3) A figure of speech characterized by a lack of difference between the upamana (standard) and upameya (subject), where comparison is implied rather than directly stated.^[4] (4) A figure of speech that involves an implicit comparison between two unlike things.^[5] (5) Figures of speech that convey meanings through symbolic representation, used to create vivid imagery.^[6]

Kavyashastra refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.

Significance of Metaphors in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):

Purana Books

From: Agni Purana

(1) Rupaka, where the subject is identified with the standard of comparison due to perceived similarities.^[7]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance of Metaphors in Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy):

Natyashastra Books

From: Natyashastra (English)

(1) An implied comparison that conveys meaning by stating one thing as if it were another.^[8]

Natyashastra refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Last Updated: 04 October, 2024