Significance of Meditation
Meditation is a multifaceted practice recognized across various traditions, each emphasizing its importance for mental clarity, spiritual growth, and inner peace. In Buddhism, it centers on focused mindfulness and insightful understanding, while Jainism presents it as a means for spiritual liberation and self-connection. In Hinduism and its diverse branches, meditation fosters introspection and devotion towards the divine. Across scientific discourses, it is valued for its health benefits, aiding in stress reduction and emotional balance. Overall, meditation serves as a vital technique for achieving a deeper understanding of self and reality.
Synonyms: Mindfulness, Contemplation, Reflection, Introspection, Concentration, Tranquility, Thoughtfulness, Deliberation
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Meditation'
Meditation in Buddhism is a vital practice for developing mindfulness, insight, and clarity of mind, aimed at achieving spiritual growth, tranquility, and ultimately, liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth.
From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6
(1) A practice emphasized in spiritual life focusing on inward contemplation and mindfulness as part of Atthisena's religious commitment.[1] (2) The practice the Elder clings to in his last moments, symbolizing his adherence to his spiritual journey.[2] (3) A practice of focused contemplation and deep thought, which is an essential aspect of spiritual discipline mentioned in the text.[3] (4) A practice that the Bodhisatta entered into after renouncing his royal life, leading to spiritual ecstasy.[4] (5) A state the Bodhisatta entered into for achieving higher consciousness, leading to his rebirth in a divine realm.[5]
From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)
(1) The practice through which a monk, like Venerable Sappadasa, can attain spiritual breakthroughs, including arahatship.[6] (2) A practice undertaken by Bahuputtika, reflecting her commitment to observe and understand the Dhamma.[7] (3) A core practice for monks where time is dedicated either to social service or deep spiritual reflection, emphasizing balance between the two.[8] (4) A practice encouraged in Buddhism that promotes mindfulness and deeper understanding of one's actions and thoughts.[9] (5) A spiritual practice undertaken by Tissa, involving deep concentration and insight aimed at attaining higher states of consciousness.[10]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) The practice employed by the Bodhisatta to develop concentration, mindfulness, and insight throughout his journey.[11] (2) A spiritual practice that the Bodhisatta was inclined to engage in, associated with the pursuit of enlightenment in serene environments.[12] (3) A fundamental practice encouraged by the Buddha to attain insight, tranquility, and ultimately liberation from suffering.[13] (4) The practice pursued by Pukkusati to reach the stages of jhana during his journey to spiritual fulfillment.[14]
From: Milindapanha (questions of King Milinda)
(1) Memory can be cultivated through reflective practices, helping individuals recall their past states.[15] (2) A practice vital for the Bhikshu, used to develop mindfulness and overcome distractions.[16] (3) A core Buddhist practice aimed at achieving focused awareness and inner peace.[17]
From: Introducing Buddhist Abhidhamma
(1) A deeper practice focused on ultimates and the nature of existence, leading to the aim of achieving Freedom from Rebirth.[18]
From: Vinaya (3): The Cullavagga
(1) A practice emphasized by some Bhikkhus, for which Dabba the Mallian arranged a communal lodging.[19]
From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)
(1) A practice that rin po che grags ye engaged in after hearing teachings on the hidden Doctrine.[20] (2) The various practices he engaged in, indicating his dedication to spiritual development.[21] (3) A practice the successor was encouraged to engage in, instrumental for spiritual growth.[22] (4) A practice emphasized by ‘gro mgon for gling ras to achieve understanding and realization.[23] (5) A central practice emphasized by various figures in the text for achieving spiritual growth.[24]
From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]
(1) A practice of focusing the mind to achieve mental clarity and emotional stability, which is suggested as a means to attain understanding.[25] (2) Spiritual practices that the Lord has undertaken, leading to a state of enlightenment and a lack of cognitive limitations.[26]
From: Guhyagarbha Tantra (with Commentary)
(1) The practice through which the qualities of the buddha-bodies are realized and arise within oneself.[27]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) A state of focused contemplation in which the naga engaged for a prolonged time before falling asleep.[28] (2) A practice that cultivates concentration and wisdom essential for the bodhisattva's spiritual progress.[29] (3) A practice recommended for rejecting the five objects of desire, allowing individuals to cultivate mental clarity and detach from worldly attachments.[30]
From: Mahavastu (great story)
(1) The four meditations that Shrona achieved as part of his religious practice.[31] (2) State of mental focus and concentration, especially referenced as the means to enlightenment.[32]
From: Bodhisattvacharyavatara
(1) The central practice highlighted in the eighth chapter as a means to deepen and develop bodhicitta.[33]
From: Abhidharmakośa
(1) A practice that aids in the abandonment of various forms of attachment and erroneous views.[34]
From: The gods of northern Buddhism
(1) Practice that Sakya-muni engaged in to gain enlightenment and understanding.[35]
From: The 6th Patriarch Platform Sutra
(1) A practice aimed at attaining clarity of mind and realization of the Essence of Mind.[36]
From: Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
(1) A practice that involves focused mental concentration to develop mindfulness, insight, and tranquility.[37]
From: The Great Chariot
(1) A reflective practice meant to cultivate insight and understanding, which is deemed ineffective if based on flawed concepts such as nothingness or emptiness.[38] (2) A practice of focusing the mind and eliminating distractions to achieve a calm and centered state.[39]
Hindu concept of 'Meditation'
Meditation in Hinduism emphasizes focused contemplation as a superior practice for self-realization and spiritual insight, distinct from mere actions, aimed at achieving mental clarity and connection with the divine, crucial for liberation.
From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4
(1) A state of reflective contemplation that the prince engaged in to gain deeper understanding and connection with the divine.[40] (2) A state of focused contemplation practiced by the Brahman, representing a path to spiritual understanding.[41] (3) A mental practice that leads to focus, inner peace, and spiritual growth.[42]
From: Skanda Purana
(1) A mental practice of deep contemplation essential for worshipping the Linga and attaining spiritual goals.[43] (2) The practice Lohajangha engaged in, which led to profound internal change and eventual status as a sage.[44] (3) A practice of focusing the mind, particularly on Vishnu, to acquire desired things.[45]
From: Brahmanda Purana
(1) A practice engaged in by Siddhas and sages, symbolizing spiritual focus and discipline.[46] (2) A practice of focused thought aimed at spiritual growth and connection with the divine.[47]
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) A form of reflection and contemplation that may be implied in the gravitas of the battlefield actions and decisions.[48]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) A practice aimed at controlling the mind and senses, contributing to one’s spiritual growth and understanding.[49]
From: Padma Purana
(1) A practice of focused thought and contemplation, often aimed at achieving spiritual insight and connection with the divine.[50]
From: Brihaddharma Purana (abridged)
(1) Meditation is described as the supreme way to achieve salvation.[51]
From: Shiva Purana
(1) The practiced focus on inner consciousness and the divine, leading to liberation and knowledge.[52]
From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)
(1) A practice mentioned in Vedanta-texts that serves as a means for spiritual understanding and realization.[53] (2) The mental activity directed upon one object, requiring concentration and not disturbed by other ideas.[54] (3) A practice that is utilized in conjunction with sacrificial rites, highlighting its importance in the context of Vedic rituals.[55] (4) A practice referenced in the texts, which involves deep thought and focus towards understanding spiritual truths and Brahman.[56] (5) Practices associated with reflection and contemplation, which the stories in the Vedanta-texts are connected to, as opposed to ritual performance.[57]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika
(1) A practice intended to develop concentration, and the comprehension of the real nature of Brahman.[58] (2) A practice aimed at realizing the true nature of the self, though it is noted that the emphasis of the shruti is not on meditation itself.[59] (3) A practice aimed at achieving mental clarity and spiritual insight, often involving focused contemplation.[60]
From: Bhagavatpadabhyudaya by Lakshmana Suri (study)
(1) Nididhyasana; the intensive focus and internalization of Brahman teachings as part of the path of knowledge.[61] (2) A practice emphasized in Advaita Vedanta that aids in the pursuit of knowledge and realization of Moksha.[62]
From: Vivekachudamani
(1) Meditation is considered a hundred thousand times superior even to reflection.[63]
From: Prashna Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary
(1) The practice of focusing the mind on the supreme Purusha, which leads to spiritual realization.[64]
From: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
(1) A mental discipline and focus that aids in achieving self-realization and understanding of one's true nature, distinct from mere actions or rites.[65]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) A practice involving focused thought or contemplation, which is implied to be misapplied by the subjects in the text.[66] (2) The primary spiritual practice in Satya-yuga, emphasizing introspection and focus on the divine.[67] (3) A practice reflected in the text that involves focused thought and devotion towards the divine.[68] (4) A practice where an individual focuses the mind to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.[69] (5) A focused mental practice that enables devotees to connect with the divine, especially during offerings.[70]
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) A practice of focusing the mind, particularly on the divine, as illustrated in the context of praising Lord Balarama.[71] (2) The state of deep thought or contemplation where the sage was when Lord Krishna left.[72] (3) Refers to the practice of focused contemplation on the sun-god's daughter, emphasizing a spiritual connection.[73]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) A spiritual practice wherein an individual contemplates and seeks closeness to the divine, facilitating experiences of divine love.[74] (2) the mental practice often mistaken for closing the eyes after seeing Shri Krishna[75]
From: Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation
(1) Dhyana, representing a contemplative practice that is vital for connecting with the divine.[76]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) This is a practice used by renunciates to attain spiritual insight and clarity, which can help in the expiation of sins.[77] (2) Also translated as 'dhyana', representing a form of internal discipline linked to spiritual knowledge.[78] (3) A disciplined practice of focusing the mind, which is one of the essential duties for achieving success according to the text.[79]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)
(1) A subtle attempt of the mind that focuses on the causes of the gross phenomena.[80]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Bhoja’s Rajamartanda)
(1) The practice through which a Yogi can weaken the cause of bondage, enhancing the potential for spiritual liberation.[81]
From: History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda)
(1) A practice aimed at achieving a state of profound peace and connection with one's inner self.[82]
From: Lakulisha-Pashupata (Philosophy and Practice)
(1) A mental practice integral to yoga, aimed at achieving a calm and focused mind.[83]
From: Abhinaya-darpana (English)
(1) A practice associated with the Nimilita glance, involving deep thinking and focus.[84]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) A practice involving deeper contemplation that utilizes the sacred hymn, allowing for a different interpretation or significance.[85]
Jain concept of 'Meditation'
Meditation in Jainism signifies a disciplined spiritual practice characterized by deep focus and contemplation aimed at achieving spiritual insights and liberation from karmic bonds, as exemplified by figures like Muni Svayamprabha and Parshva.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) A central practice demonstrated by the Master, representing the discipline and focus required for spiritual advancement.[86] (2) The state of focus and contemplation to which the Cakrin Bharata dedicates himself, akin to a Yogi.[87] (3) A state of focused contemplation achieved by Mahabala, which reflects his disciplined lifestyle.[88] (4) A method of deep contemplation practiced by Arhannaya to maintain his composure and spiritual integrity amid danger.[89] (5) A spiritual practice engaged in by Muni Svayamprabha, representing focus and devotion which invokes a physical response from the king.[90]
From: Sutrakritanga (English translation)
(1) A spiritual practice that requires focus and dedication, often disrupted by temptations such as the company of women.[91] (2) A practice of focused contemplation aimed at achieving deeper understanding and connection with the self and the universe.[92]
From: Yogadrstisamuccaya of Haribhadra Suri (Study)
(1) A practice central to Jain yoga aimed at achieving spiritual insights and liberation from karmic bonds.[93]
The concept of Meditation in local and regional sources
Meditation emerges as a multifaceted practice fostering spiritual development, mental clarity, and creativity. It serves as a tool for mindfulness, inner peace, and enhanced concentration, ultimately contributing to personal well-being and philosophical insights across various traditions.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) A practice aimed at enhancing concentration and controlling the mind, leading to improved happiness and mental well-being.[94] (2) A practice that, combined with Nature, can lead to enlightenment.[95] (3) A practice that Sujata engages in, representing her attempts to find inner peace amid her turbulent emotions.[96] (4) A mental exercise that promotes relaxation and mental clarity by reducing distraction and enhancing focus on a state of calm.[97] (5) A technique of turning the mind inwards, aimed at enhancing creativity and accessing deeper thinking.[98]
From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints
(1) A practice in which Santoba engaged while alone in the temple of Shiva.[99]
From: Impact of Vedic Culture on Society
(1) Bhavana, a practice of mental cultivation and mindfulness, which is also considered an essential part of accruing merit in Buddhism.[100]
From: Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang)
(1) A practice emphasized by Mudgalaputra, distinguished as a discipline for spiritual development.[101]
The concept of Meditation in scientific sources
Meditation is a practice that enhances awareness and relaxation, promoting better sleep. It also helps focus the mind and manage stress, playing a vital role in yoga and spiritual development.
From: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
(1) A relaxation technique in Ayurveda that involves focused attention and mindfulness, beneficial for reducing stress and aiding in hypertension management.[102] (2) A practice that promotes relaxation, improves focus, and aids in stress management through mindfulness and awareness.[103] (3) A practice that helps shift mindsets, improve focus, and enhance overall mental health.[104] (4) A practice that can complement Moolbandh Asana, possibly aiding in managing stress, which is important in treatment of anal fissure.[105] (5) A mental practice that aids in stress reduction and enhances well-being, which is beneficial in managing symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea.[106]
From: International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
(1) A practice within the Ayurvedic lifestyle that contributes to mental tranquility and overall health enhancement.[107] (2) A mental exercise that promotes relaxation and reduces stress, included in the treatment plan for managing PCOS.[108] (3) A mental practice involved in mindfulness that can help reduce stress and lower blood pressure as part of a holistic approach to managing hypertension.[109] (4) A practice promoting mental and emotional balance, which may help in reducing the perception of pain.[110] (5) A mental practice aimed at achieving a state of relaxation and clarity, beneficial for managing stress and hypertension.[111]
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine
(1) A practice aimed at focusing the mind and managing mental stress, constituting a critical aspect of yoga and spiritual development.[112]
From: AYU (Journal of Research in Ayurveda)
(1) A practice for training awareness and evoking relaxation, potentially aiding in better sleep.[113]
From: Ancient Science of Life
(1) A practice that promotes relaxation and lowers stress, which can positively affect both mental and physical health.[114]