Significance of Karana
In Dutch: Karana; In German: Karana; In Finnish: Karana; In Swedish: Karana; In Malay: Karana; In French: Karana; In Portugese: Karana; In Italian: Karana; In Polish: Karana; In Spanish: Karaná
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Hindu concept of 'Karana'
In Hinduism, Karana denotes various concepts, including half lunar days guiding deeds, causes for effects, qualities influencing actions and characteristics, and processes altering substances. It serves as a crucial factor in astrological and spiritual contexts.
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) It is an external factor which includes Raja (dust) , Dhooma (smoke), pollen etc that enter the respiratory tract and release mast cells.[1] (2) Karana is defined as processing, which is the refinement of natural products, with transformation affected through Agni Sannikarsha and Toya Sannikarsha.[2] (3) Karana involves doing Samskara on Dravya, which changes the property of the Dravya through processes like Jala, Agni, and Sannikarsha.[3] (4) The cause or causative factor responsible for the manifestation of a Karya or effect, like a disease.[4] (5) This is a factor of Ahara, and is part of the Ashta Ahara Vidhivishesa Ayatananie, and it refers to the method of processing, and is important for understanding diet.[5]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) It refers to the method of processing food substances, replacing non-inherent properties to make them ideal for consumption, involving transformation and modification.[6] (2) It means the processing/ refining of food accoutrements leading to changes in their essential parcels like washing, cleaning, operation of heat, cuisine, etc.[7] (3) It is processing of substances or sanskara.[8] (4) This factor represents the processing of substances, or Samskara, which results in the transformation of the inherent characters or properties of the substances, as stated by the text.[9]
From: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine
(1) This is the cause.[10]
From: Charaka Samhita (English translation)
(1) A favorable aspect to consider when determining an auspicious day during the ninth month.[11]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) Karana can also be called karta, and it refers to instruments or means by which an action is accomplished, but their independence is only relative because it is mixed up with dependence.[12] (2) The instrument used to perform an action, distinct in that it does not inhere in itself but is dependent on the agent or the object involved in the action.[13] (3) In the process of conveying meaning, this is the word, essential for the action or process.[14] (4) A term that indicates the means or instrument through which an action is performed, especially in relation to the verb that completes the sentence meaning.[15] (5) The term for instrument, which in certain contexts can be recognized as an agent.[16]
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) Karanas are the organs of senses and actions endowed with the Kriya Shakti, and the materials fashioned out of them are called the chidanuvritti or Maya.[17] (2) These are specific divisions of the lunar day, where specific offerings are presented to the Devi. The text lists offerings like Kamsara, Mandaka, Pheni, and others, which are offered on the respective Karanas.[18]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) The term used to describe the senses, mind, and intellect that help the soul in perceiving objects.[19]
From: Garuda Purana
(1) A son born of a Shudra mother by a member of the trading community (Vaishya).[20]
From: Brihat Samhita
(1) Factors or qualities related to the lunar day that influence the suitability of marriage.[21] (2) A subdivision of the lunar day in Vedic astrology influencing the marital and individual characteristics.[22] (3) Half lunar days which dictate specific types of deeds to be performed based on their characteristics.[23] (4) Half of a lunar day in Vedic astrology, influencing the interpretation of omens.[24] (5) The half of a tithi, used in Hindu calendars, important for auspicious timings.[25]
From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology
(1) The karana is one of the components considered when noting the commencement of the year, forming part of the procedure of creating an annual horoscope, along with other factors.[26]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika
(1) Refers to the concept of cause in the context of creation, whether material or efficient.[27]
From: Prashna Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary
(1) An instrument or means by which meditation is performed, specifically referring to how ‘Om’ is utilized within this practice.[28]
From: Vivekachudamani
(1) Karana, which translates to organs, are also considered unreal, as are the body and egoism, and they are part of the illusory nature of experience.[29]
From: Natyashastra (English)
(1) The two feet moving together, forming a fundamental aspect of movement in dance and physical expression.[30] (2) The specific strokes or techniques used in playing drums, fundamental to producing distinct musical sounds.[31] (3) Specific movements of the hands during dance, categorized into four classes according to the manner of moving fingers.[32] (4) Fundamental movements of hands and feet in dance, with one hundred and eight types outlined in the text.[33]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) The cause is superior to effect, or action (karya, gross material elements), which means the happiness generated by the cause will be superior to the happiness coming from the effect.[34] (2) and subtle elements; represents the underlying causes that manifest through prakriti.[35]
From: Shat-cakra-nirupana (the six bodily centres)
(1) Refers to the causal aspect of existence discussed in the context of the spiritual journey and absorption in meditation.[36]
From: Vastu-shastra (Introduction to Indian architecture)
(1) Structures in a fort's walls that serve as listening posts to detect intruders or attacks.[37]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) A caste derived from the Apostate Kshatriya as referenced in the verses.[38]
From: Parama Samhita (English translation)
(1) The cause or origin of all created things, emphasizing the cyclical nature of existence and universes.[39]
Jain concept of 'Karana'
In Jainism, the keyphrase "Karana" signifies instruments for inducing action, processes for spiritual ascension, and denotes both energetic transformation and dramatic postures, emphasizing its importance in understanding movement and progress within the religious framework.
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) Distinct movements that were part of the queen’s dance, along with angaharas.[40] (2) Karanas are actions or processes that a jiva must undertake to ascend through the gunasthanas.[41] (3) A noun meaning 'movement in danse,' contextualized with reference information.[42] (4) (करण), refers to dramatic posture.[43]
From: Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti)
(1) A term indicating an instrument or means by which energy induces action; a crucial concept in understanding the transformation of dormant energy into active energy.[44]
The concept of Karana in local and regional sources
Karana is a versatile term that denotes a handbook on astronomy, a unit of time, and essential components of classical dance. It encompasses calendrical elements, rhythmic movements, and instructions for astronomical phenomena and performance gestures.
From: History of Science in South Asia
(1) The Jagadbhushana has many of the features typical of a karana /handbook astronomical work, although Haridatta does not identify it as such.[45] (2) The term 'karana' is a unit of time, which is used in time reckoning, and represents a portion of a tithi, according to the provided text.[46] (3) This term refers to an astronomical manual written in Sanskrit, such as Ganitagannadi, which provides instructions and calculations for astronomical phenomena.[47] (4) Karana is a concept used in the text as one of the five limbs of calendric elements in the horoscope.[48] (5) This term means secondary, namely to siddhanta, and is used to classify certain types of astronomical texts.[49]
From: Triveni Journal
(1) The text states that the various karanas are important in natya and are as essential in chitra, wherein beauty of pose is as important as beauty of form.[50] (2) A basic unit of classical dance movement reflecting patterned gestures of the body, hands, and feet in performance.[51] (3) Prescribed poses of limbs and body that are essential components of the Natya performance.[52] (4) Cadences or sequences of movements in classical dance that represent the basic units of rhythmic and stylized actions.[53] (5) A specific movement or gesture in dance, crucial for achieving harmony in bodily posture and articulation.[54]
The concept of Karana in scientific sources
Karana encompasses various methods of food preparation and processing to enhance digestibility, suitability, and health benefits, along with its relevance in Ayurveda for therapeutic interventions and disease causation, integrating culinary and medicinal practices.