Significance of Judge
Synonyms: Magistrate, Adjudicator, Arbiter, Umpire, Examiner, Evaluator, Critic, Jurist, Justice
In Malay: Hakim; In Dutch: Rechter; In Finnish: Tuomari; In Spanish: Juez; In German: Richter; In Swedish: Bedöma; In French: Juge; In Portugese: Juiz; In Polish: Sędzia; In Italian: Giudice
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Hindu concept of 'Judge'
In Hinduism, "Judge" encompasses roles from legal interpreters for Shudras to authorities in trials and property disputes. They preside over courts, evaluate evidence, ensure justice, and make decisions, emphasizing impartiality and wisdom.
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) The individual responsible for assessing the regularity and truthfulness of statements, especially when made by minors, the aged, or those with disordered minds.[1] (2) The official who presides over legal matters and makes decisions regarding property disputes.[2] (3) A person who asks the debtor to repay the debt in court, and if denied, the complainant should produce a witness or adduce other evidence.[3] (4) Individuals responsible for interpreting and upholding the law, particularly relevant in the context of the majority of Shudras.[4] (5) An authority figure, potentially appointed by the king, who is responsible for investigating the case concerning the deposit and the trustee.[5]
From: Natyashastra (English)
(1) The NSh describes the attributes of arbiters of the law, along with the attributes of other important members of the court.[6] (2) This is a person who is involved in the courtroom scenes of the Mricchakatika play, as described in the text.[7] (3) Impartial and wise individuals appointed to interpret the law in the king's court.[8]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) This term refers to someone who makes decisions.[9] (2) To form an opinion or conclusion about someone’s actions or character based on presented evidence or behavior.[10]
From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)
(1) This individual is quite at a loss as to what decision he ought to give, and the reader is asked to decide for himself.[11]
From: Harivamsha Purana
(1) These individuals are the ones who provide opinions on the trial at arms, and have a say on the rules of engagement and the conditions of the matches.[12]
From: Kautilya Arthashastra
(1) A judge who accepts a bribe at the spy's request is proclaimed as a receiver of bribes and banished, indicating the consequences of corruption within the judicial system.[13]
The concept of Judge in local and regional sources
Judge, in this text, refers to beings deciding fairness, a court official, a dismissed individual, central figures in judicial discussions, and a Supreme Court position held by a gentleman from Madras.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) Judges are the central focus of the text, with discussions on their appointment, the importance of their independence, and the impact of public opinion on their conduct and the judicial system.[14] (2) The official presiding over the court proceedings who expresses surprise and annoyance at the case between the petitioner and respondent.[15]
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) The person who the author believes will not help him, dismissing any reliance on this individual, in the pursuit of his goals.[16] (2) The gentleman from Madras holds this position in the Supreme Court, a high position in India.[17]
From: Folklore of the Santal Parganas
(1) Beings whom the prince sought to decide the fairness of the situation between him and the snake.[18]
From: Village Folk-tales of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), vol. 1-3
(1) The Jackal said that he is both the judge and the witness in this case.[19]
The concept of Judge in scientific sources
Judge, in this context, signifies an authority figure whose verdict is sought in resolving disputes, specifically deemed impermissible between two Shi'a regarding debt or inheritance matters.
From: Religions Journal (MDPI)
(1) They were appointed to make legal decisions based on the Qur’an.[20] (2) These scholars are included in a work, highlighting the science of the hadith in Ibn ʿ Arabi's education.[21] (3) The text mentions that it is not permissible for two Shi‘a to seek their verdict when they have a disagreement concerning a debt or a legacy.[22]
Classical concept of 'Judge'
From: Ancient Egypt the Light of the World
(1) The mysteries of Amenta show us Anup calling the world to judgment in the character of the judge.[23] (2) It is a role of Anup, the jackal-headed, who was the primordial, but was later superseded by Atum and Osiris, showing a shift in divine responsibilities.[24]
From: Egypt Through The Stereoscope
(1) These are individuals who lie in the masonry structures erected in the cemetery by the nobles and officials of Khufu's court.[25]
From: The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians
(1) A group addressed by Thaiemhetep, along with men of learning, high officials, nobles, and all people, indicating an audience for her story.[26]
From: Aesop's Fables (English translation)
(1) The crowd was being referred to as this, for incorrectly judging the performance.[27] (2) Momus was selected to be the judge to evaluate the creations of Jupiter, Neptune, and Minerva, but his faultfinding led to his expulsion instead.[28] (3) An individual who presides over legal proceedings and hears arguments from both sides in a dispute regarding payment for medical services.[29]
From: The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle
(1) This is a person who tries to equalize injustices by taking away from the gain of the assailant and restoring balance between the parties involved.[30]