Significance of Internal and external
The concept of Internal and external varies across different philosophical and cultural frameworks. In Buddhism, it highlights the illusionary divisions between self and the world. Similarly, in Vaishnavism, it pertains to the Lord's presence within and outside oneself. Vastushastra and Shilpashastra classify deities based on internal and external roles. Vedanta distinguishes between internal mind perceptions and external sensory experiences. Additionally, in Ayurvedic treatments, internal and external refers to different medicinal applications. Overall, these interpretations emphasize interconnectedness and duality.
Synonyms: Inner and outer, Inside and outside, Interior and exterior
In Dutch: Intern en extern; In German: Intern und extern; In Finnish: Sisäinen ja ulkoinen; In Spanish: Interno y externo
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Internal and external'
In Buddhism, "internal and external" signifies the illusory separation between self and the world, highlighting concepts of emptiness, differentiation of consciousness support, and the distinction between personal and shared experiences of materiality and feelings.
From: Visuddhimagga (the pah of purification)
(1) The differentiation between elements that serve as internal support for consciousness and external elements.[1] (2) Refers to materiality and feelings considered in terms of one’s own experiences versus those of others.[2]
From: The Great Chariot
(1) Concepts used to describe the illusory divisions between the self and the outside world, emphasizing emptiness.[3]
Hindu concept of 'Internal and external'
In Hinduism, "Internal and external" signifies the duality of divine presence, encompassing the relationship between worshippers' intentions and actions, the distinction of deities, and the connection between inner consciousness and outer perception of reality.
From: Thirty minor Upanishads
(1) Refers to the two realms of experience: one's inner consciousness and the outside world.[4] (2) The two forms of Brahma-pranava.[5]
From: Mundaka Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary
(1) This term differentiates between the inner experiences of air (kham) and the external environment, highlighting the dual nature of existence.[6]
From: Vivekachudamani
(1) Referring to both the inner state of the mind and the outer actions taken in the world, emphasizing the importance of maintaining dispassion in both realms.[7]
From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)
(1) The distinction between objects perceived within the mind versus those perceived through the senses in the outside world.[8]
From: Padma Purana
(1) The concept that deities are attuned to both the intentions and actions of worshippers, highlighting the connection between sincere devotion and external expressions of faith.[9]
From: Bhagavata Purana
(1) Referring to the understanding that God is present both within oneself and in all beings around.[10]
From: Garuda Purana
(1) Referring to methods of application, where treatments can be administered either within the body or applied on the surface.[11]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) referring to the visible presence of the Lord, both within oneself and in the outer world[12]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) Relating to both the inner state of consciousness and awareness as well as outward behavior and actions.[13]
From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
(1) The distinction made between the inner essence and the outer world, which is suggested to not truly exist.[14] (2) Concepts that signify the distinction between what is perceived internally by the consciousness and what is recognized externally by observation.[15]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 5: Treatment of various afflictions
(1) Categories of worms where internal refers to those found within the body and external refers to those found on the body.[16]
From: Samarangana-sutradhara (Summary)
(1) Refers to the classifications of deities positioned within the palace and town, indicating different roles and areas of influence.[17]
From: Kashyapa Shilpa-shastra (study)
(1) The two classes under which the presiding deities (Padadevatas) are categorized.[18]
The concept of Internal and external in scientific sources
The keyphrase "Internal and external" highlights the dual usage of Kwatha decoction in Ayurvedic treatments, where it serves for internal consumption as a drink and external application as an eyewash.
From: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
(1) Kwatha decoction is used for both internal (medicated drinking) and external (eyewash) purposes in Ayurvedic treatments.[19]
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
(1) The two types of processes considered in Sallekhana: one for the mind and one for the body.[20]