Significance of Indriya
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The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Indriya'
In Buddhism, Indriya encompasses various faculties and powers. These include the senses, mental states, and spiritual powers. Indriya enables cognitive functions, controls sensory experiences, and is vital for understanding the Dharma and achieving spiritual development through balanced mental qualities.
From: Patthanuddesa Dipani
(1) It is control; one of the 24 species of relations.[1] (2) This is a reference to the five mental states--mind, sensation, ekaggata, psychic life, and effort--that are related to the function of the senses and faculties.[2] (3) The faculties or qualities of the mind that enable various cognitive functions, closely tied to effort and jhana.[3]
From: Cetasikas
(1) Spiritual faculties or powers that must be developed to understand the truths of existence.[4] (2) Indriya, or spiritual faculties, exercise control over accompanying dhammas, ensuring the proper function and balance of mental qualities needed for spiritual development.[5]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) Faculties or powers associated with mental states and consciousness, crucial for understanding wisdom.[6]
From: A Manual of Abhidhamma
(1) Faculties or powers which possess controlling powers in their respective spheres.[7]
From: Guide to Tipitaka
(1) Faculties that are part of the analysis in the study of Abhidhamma, contributing to the understanding of sensory experiences.[8]
From: Patipada (path of practice)
(1) Indriya refers to the five senses, which would continue to function and do their duties without any dispute or contention, which had previously been their normal state.[9]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) Indriyas are the nine faculties that support the Bodhisattva in entering the assurance of ultimate enlightenment.[10] (2) This refers to the five faculties that a bodhisattva uses to progress in their practice.[11] (3) These are acquired when there is a mind of dull knowledge to be recognized.[12] (4) Refers to faculties or senses of beings that bodhisattvas consider when determining how to best preach the Dharma.[13]
Hindu concept of 'Indriya'
In Hinduism, Indriya signifies the sense organs, crucial for acquiring knowledge, experiencing the world, and interacting with it. They are tools for the Atma, influenced by the mind (Manas) and various factors like diet. They are also integral to health, the dissolution process, and Ayurvedic principles, impacting both physical and mental well-being.
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) Indriya means sense organs, and when combined with Asatmaya, Artha and Samyoga, it refers to improper contact of the senses with their objects.[14] (2) Netra is the most important one among all of these, making it necessary to maintain its health.[15] (3) Sense organs that are the apparatus to attain knowledge for Atma (soul), including Gyanendriya and Karmendriya.[16] (4) A component of the human body; its equilibrium and disequilibrium affect health.[17] (5) Indriyas are the sensomotor organs, which are active parts of the concept of Ayu in Ayurvedic science.[18]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) Senses, such as sight (chakshurindriya) and hearing (srotrendriya), etc. are conative and cognitive organs.[19] (2) In Ayurveda Jwara is a disease having Deha, this, Manah Santap as a cardinal characteristic.[20] (3) It refers to satisfied senses, elaborated in classical textbook of Ayurveda.[21] (4) Also known as Senses, it is part of Aayu (life) and considered a grosser entity.[22] (5) The head is considered the seat for all of these, according to Ayurveda.[23]
From: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine
(1) ‘Shiras’ or the ‘Uttamanga’ i.e. the ‘Mastishka’ is the chief seat of Prana Vayu and the Udana Vayu as well as the this, and the nose is said to be a doorway to it.[24]
From: Laghu-yoga-vasistha
(1) Indriyas, also known as the ten sense-organs, are vital for the body but are separate and inert and moved by the mind, as indicated by the text.[25] (2) The sensory organs that can lead individuals toward earthly pleasures, binding them further into Samsara.[26] (3) The sensory organs that influence perception and experience in the physical world.[27] (4) The senses or organs of perception that engage in worldly experiences.[28] (5) The organs through which the five senses perceive the objects of the universe.[29]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) The five senses that are creations of the Understanding, serving as foundations for perceiving and experiencing the world.[30]
From: Thirty minor Upanishads
(1) The organs of perception, representing the senses in the dissolution process.[31] (2) The sensual organs that require subjugation for purification.[32]
From: Taittiriya Upanishad
(1) The senses or sense organs that constitute the conditioning factors influencing the jiva's experience and existence.[33]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)
(1) This refers to the senses, whose control is attained through the mind having been controlled.[34] (2) The powers of action and sensation, with five modifications in common with the Vayu Tattva.[35]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) It refers to the senses, which, along with the mind and body, are described as incapable of achieving devotional service because it is beyond material nature.[36] (2) It refers to the senses, whose happiness is linked to the state of the mind and its pleasure.[37]
From: Parama Samhita (English translation)
(1) Indriyas are the sense-organs. The text mentions that one can learn the nature of the sense-organs (indriyas) through the practice of Yoga.[38]
Jain concept of 'Indriya'
In Jainism, Indriya signifies the five senses: touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing. These senses act as crucial instruments for acquiring knowledge. Thus, Indriya plays a vital role in perception and understanding the world.
From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
(1) It refers to the senses, which include touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing, and are subservient to the soul.[39] (2) The senses, which serve as the instruments for the acquisition of knowledge.[40] (3) The senses, which are five: touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.[41]
The concept of Indriya in local and regional sources
Indriya refers to the internal organs of perception, distinct from external instruments like the eye. It encompasses the optic nerve and other essential organs that enable sight, smell, hearing, and touch, crucial for the mind's ability to perceive the world. It is also linked to the mind or sense faculties.
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) The Indriyas are other organs behind the eyes, and if they are destroyed, a man may have many eyes but no sight.[42] (2) These are the different organs, or instruments, that are the real seats of perception, such as eyes, nose, and ears, and are necessary for the mind to perceive.[43] (3) This is the organ of vision, which includes the optic nerve and its centers, that is needed for perception, but is not the external instrument.[44]
From: Triveni Journal
(1) A term referenced in relation to 'Manas,' which signifies the mind or sense faculties.[45]
The concept of Indriya in scientific sources
Indriya, in Ayurveda, encompasses the sense organs and faculties crucial for perception, interaction with the environment, and overall health. These sensory organs are influenced by factors like blood, Vata, and aging, and are integral to Ayurvedic practices such as diagnosis, treatments, and maintaining vitality.