Significance of Good conduct

Good conduct is a multifaceted concept across various philosophies, particularly in Buddhism and Jainism, where it refers to ethical practices essential for moral integrity and spiritual progress. In Buddhism, it encompasses behaviors that develop virtue and align with the principles of bodhisattvas, while in Jainism, it signifies avoidance of sinful actions and adherence to virtuous living for personal welfare. In both traditions, good conduct leads to societal well-being and serves as a foundation for spiritual advancement, reflecting the importance of moral behavior across cultures.

Synonyms: Proper behavior, Exemplary behavior, Virtuous conduct, Ethical behavior, Moral conduct, Righteousness, Decorum, Integrity, Uprightness, Good behavior, Propriety, Courtesy, Politeness, Respectability

In Dutch: Goed gedrag; In Finnish: Hyvä käytös; In Spanish: Buena conducta; In German: Gutes Benehmen; In Malay: Kelakuan yang baik; In Swedish: Bra uppförande; In French: Bonne conduite; In Swedish: Gott uppförande; In Italian: Buona condotta; In Portugese: Boa conduta; In Polish: Dobre zachowanie

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Good conduct'

Buddhism Books

Good conduct in Buddhism encompasses moral behavior aligned with ethical principles, emphasizing self-discipline, integrity, and spiritual purity, promoting virtue, positive karma, and harmonious relationships essential for spiritual advancement along the Buddhist path.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)

(1) A consistent pattern of virtuous behavior, as practiced by Dhammika and emphasized in his life.[1] (2) The behavior expected from a brahmin or monk that involves moral integrity and ethical living.[2] (3) Refers to moral behavior that aligns with ethical principles, emphasizing self-discipline.[3]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks’ rules)

(1) Behavior aligned with virtue as described in the teachings of Buddhism.[4] (2) The ethical behavior expected of monks, which the Master highlighted was lacking in the monks who encouraged the lay-follower's death.[5]

From: Visuddhimagga (the pah of purification)

(1) Moral behavior that influences the development of divine qualities, such as the divine ear element, in line with Buddhist teachings.[6] (2) Ethical behavior that aligns with moral standards, leading to positive karmic results and favorable rebirth in higher realms.[7]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka

(1) An attribute of the recluses who are characterized by ethical behavior and moral integrity.[8] (2) Moral behavior that is characteristic of the recluses the serpent wishes to join.[9]

From: Introducing Buddhist Abhidhamma

(1) Behavior that aligns with moral and ethical standards, contributing to positive karma.[10] (2) Basic good conduct is a matter of common sense for the good of the community at large.[11]

From: Guide to Tipitaka

(1) The practice of ethical behavior in deed, word, and thought that is essential for progressing on the path.[12] (2) Behavior regarded as appropriate and virtuous according to the first group of Sekhiya rules.[13]

From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)

(1) A new treatise is written to assist people in acquiring this, aiming to help them develop a rightful attitude and live a harmonious life.[14] (2) Behaviors and actions consistent with moral and ethical standards, particularly in relation to bhikkhus (monks).[15]

From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6

(1) Refers to the behavior that leads to virtuous relationships and positive outcomes, as discussed by both goddesses.[16]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Mahavastu (great story)

(1) The Bodhisattva explained how the poison was dispelled by the power of his own good conduct, emphasizing its significance.[17] (2) Behaviors that reflect moral integrity and spiritual purity, characteristic of individuals on the path.[18]

From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

(1) Behavior characterized by morality and virtue, which may not always be recognized or rewarded.[19]

From: Bodhisattvacharyavatara

(1) The expected behavior of students during teachings, which should be well composed and disciplined.[20]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Significance in Buddhism (general):

From: Apadana commentary (Atthakatha)

(1) The ethical practices upheld by monks and practitioners to maintain moral integrity and spiritual progress.[21] (2) A set of practices and behaviors taught by the silent buddhas for moral living and spiritual advancement.[22] (3) A term representing the ethical behavior that the king was taught as a monk.[23]

From: The Great Chariot

(1) Ethical behavior that aligns with the aspirations and values of a bodhisattva.[24]

From: Bodhinyana

(1) Ethical behavior aligned with Buddhist teachings, contributing to the development of virtue and progress on the spiritual path.[25]

Hindu concept of 'Good conduct'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Good conduct encompasses ethical behavior and moral standards expected from individuals, emphasizing virtues over rituals. It influences spiritual growth, health, and prosperity, ultimately leading to liberation and favorable outcomes in life.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The term refers to the behavior that is considered the basis for a Sudra being regarded as a Brahmana.[26] (2) Behaving in a morally upright and ethical manner.[27] (3) Behavior that is morally right and virtuous, which attracts favorable outcomes and recognition from the divine or societal authorities.[28] (4) The moral virtues upheld by the Pandavas, reflecting their disciplined way of life.[29] (5) Behavior that is morally upright and in accordance with the expected standards of society and spiritual practices.[30]

From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4

(1) It was by virtue of this and company that one was changed to Brahma's vehicles of the hansa—or anser.[31] (2) Success in achieving one's goals is attained through proper behavior derived from the best principles and the company of good people.[32] (3) The practice of behavior that is morally and ethically correct, adhering to societal and personal standards of rightness.[33] (4) Our own conduct alone is our only true friend, whether it is ingenite in our nature, or derived by our extrinsic training and education from others.[34] (5) Behavior that aligns with moral and ethical standards, seen as one of the essential paths towards salvation.[35]

From: Gautami Mahatmya

(1) Behavior expected of an individual, as opposed to the treachery, hypocrisy, and distress the bird Cincika admits to previously displaying.[36] (2) One of the qualities that differentiates Lakshmi from Daridra, emphasizing the importance of moral character.[37] (3) Those who do not honour scripture, good conduct, and persons with vast learning and those who transgress injunctions dwell in hell.[38]

From: Anugita (English translation)

(1) Behaviors and actions that are morally upright and aligned with ethical standards.[39] (2) Behavior characterized by moral integrity and adherence to ethical principles, especially in relation to others.[40]

From: Harivamsha Purana

(1) This term is used to describe one of the qualities that lead to success in the arena, which involves behaving in a manner that is considered appropriate and moral.[41] (2) The behavior aligned with moral and ethical principles, which is expected to be present in the Satya-Yuga.[42]

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) Moral behavior that preserves a woman's chastity from deceitful individuals.[43]

From: Garuda Purana

(1) Acts of virtue performed by individuals who may be incapable of fulfilling Vedic duties, emphasizing ethical behavior as an alternative to ritual practice.[44]

From: Markandeya Purana

(1) A quality of Ritadhvaja highlighted by his peers and his virtuous lifestyle.[45]

From: Bhagavad-gita Mahatmya

(1) A characteristic attributed to Kushivala, indicating his moral and ethical behavior.[46]

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri)

(1) The actions of Shri Rama that pleased his father, leading to enlightenment, indicating a relationship of guidance and affection.[47]

From: Bhagavad-gita-rahasya (or Karma-yoga Shastra)

(1) It is included in the word 'niti', and the discussion of righteousness and unrighteousness is referred to by the name 'niti-shastra'.[48]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Ayurveda (science of life):
Ayurveda Books

From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

(1) The pregnant woman desirous of producing a healthy and good looking child should give up noncongenital diet and protect herself by doing this.[49] (2) This refers to the Sadvritta, which is the practice of ethical and moral behaviors, which contribute to a healthy and balanced life, as per Ayurvedic principles.[50] (3) This is the key to obtaining a long and healthy life as well as wealth by obeying the rules of Sadvritta, helping to prevent disease and aliments in society.[51] (4) A person who adheres to the code of good conduct for sustaining healthy life can live for a hundred years, as stated in the provided text.[52] (5) Good conduct is the pursuit of the rules of good conduct, absolute mental control, desires to get away from the worldly trap, concentration of the mind and intellect in the soul, review of spiritual facts etc. have to followed in daily practice to get liberation from all miseries and is one of the practices advocated.[53]

From: Charaka Samhita (English translation)

(1) Then, the following accessories should be kept ready viz., the attendants who have character, cleanliness, good conduct, affection, dexterity and sympathy, who are circumspect in all work, who are skilled in the cooking of soups and rice, in giving baths and shampoo, in lifting or laying -the patient in bed and in administering medicines, and who are not disinclined to any kind of work.[54] (2) A code of behavior that includes various moral and ethical principles aimed at fostering health and spiritual growth.[55] (3) Proper behavior and ethical living, which, if lacking, could signify deteriorating health and nearing death.[56] (4) A set of virtuous behaviors and practices that lead to the benefits of vitalization therapy.[57]

From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga

(1) Not following this code is one of the etiological factors of Manas Roga, also known as mental disorders.[58] (2) A schedule described in detail in Ayurvedic classics that can achieve a state of biological equilibrium and sensory, mental and spiritual well-being.[59] (3) According to ancient texts, on practicing this, the satvaguna prevails over rajas and tamas, thus preserves good mental health.[60] (4) Sadvritta (Code of good conduct) is a non medication measure for the prevention of the disease occurrence in Ayurveda.[61]

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 4: Cikitsasthana

(1) Behavioral norms that contribute to an individual's health, community standing, and longevity.[62]

From: History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda)

(1) Behavior that is morally right and complies with societal standards, important for a medical professional.[63]

Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)

(1) Good conduct is associated with those who shine with the brightness of Brahman, symbolizing the attainment of spiritual radiance and admirable behavior within the lineage.[64] (2) Behavior that is morally right, emphasizing the importance of virtue and ethical behavior in one's life.[65] (3) Behavior that is fair, honest, good, beautiful, decent, or elegant, as indicated by the term sadhuna.[66] (4) Behavior that is morally correct, which is associated with individuals who shine with the brightness of Brahman.[67] (5) Refers to the behavior that is considered virtuous and honorable, which leads to recognition as shining with the brightness of Brahman.[68]

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)

(1) The term carana, or conduct, is associated with good deeds, and scripture declares that those with good conduct will attain a good birth, while those with evil conduct will attain an evil birth.[69] (2) Actions or behaviors that are morally positive or virtuous, which are recognized within the scripture context.[70] (3) Behavior that merits entitlement to perform certain works and is emphasized in the context of purification by the Vedas.[71] (4) Actions and behaviors that are morally positive and desirable, as referenced in the context of the quality of new birth.[72]

From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)

(1) This refers to proper behavior and actions, and the text indicates that it is a quality associated with positive outcomes, such as favorable rebirths.[73] (2) Refers to behavior that is characterized as morally right or virtuous, as distinct from mere actions performed for tangible outcomes.[74] (3) The behavior that is morally right or acceptable, which is seen as essential for performing holy works enjoined by the Veda.[75]

From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika

(1) Actions that are virtuous and in alignment with ethical principles, which lead to beneficial outcomes in future lives.[76] (2) Behavior that is morally upright and virtuous, which leads to positive outcomes, including favorable rebirth.[77]

From: Taittiriya Upanishad

(1) Those of "good conduct" here soon attain to a good womb, according to the shruti and the smriti, highlighting the importance of virtuous behavior.[78] (2) Actions that result in the attainment of favorable rebirths, such as those of a brahmana or kshatriya.[79]

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya)

(1) Actions that are considered virtuous and praiseworthy, reflecting a person's ethical behavior in life.[80]

From: Chandogya Upanishad (Shankara Bhashya)

(1) Righteous behavior that leads to favorable karmic outcomes, paving the way for positive rebirths among higher castes.[81]

From: Prashna Upanishad (Madhva commentary)

(1) Refers to the moral values and true speech exemplified by the Prana, benefiting both Devas and living beings.[82]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Refers to ethical and moral behavior expected from the bridegroom during the marriage.[83] (2) The behavior that a woman should exhibit towards her husband, characterized by well-controlled thoughts, speech, and body.[84] (3) A characteristic that individuals invited to the rite should possess, ensuring their suitability for participation in sacred offerings.[85] (4) Behavior that reflects adherence to societal and moral standards, which is valued in determining punishment.[86] (5) Behavior that is considered morally upright or socially acceptable, seen as a reflection of one's lineage.[87]

From: Vasistha Dharmasutra

(1) Moral behavior that allows individuals to gain spiritual merit, wealth, and other benefits.[88]

From: Gautama Dharmasutra

(1) The moral or ethical behavior expected from a Brahmana even if lacking knowledge in the Vedas.[89]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa):
Pancaratra Books

From: Parama Samhita (English translation)

(1) Good conduct is a quality that the officiating priest should have, as well as being an expert in the Tantra (Shastra or hand book of ritual of temple-worship).[90] (2) The practice of ethical and morally sound actions that are conducive to spiritual growth and fulfilling one's duties.[91] (3) The moral and ethical behavior exhibited by individuals who come from a good family and are considered suitable for receiving teachings.[92]

Pancaratra represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

Significance in Arthashastra (politics and welfare):
Arthashastra Books

From: Kautilya Arthashastra

(1) Actions and behaviors by officials that are deemed virtuous and lead to rewards or acknowledgment.[93] (2) The behavior of an ally that should be monitored to ensure loyalty and reliability throughout an alliance.[94]

From: Shukra Niti by Shukracharya

(1) Behavior that aligns with moral and ethical standards.[95]

Arthashastra literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Significance in Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology):
Jyotisha Books

From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology

(1) This is a positive attribute, suggesting that if the first house is aspected or joined by its ruler and a benefic, the individual will have good behavior and moral standards.[96] (2) Good conduct is related to expenses that occur in the twelfth house, indicating a potential for financial outlays in connection with virtuous behavior, as described in the text.[97]

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotisha or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Sri Krishna-Chaitanya

(1) The practice of substantive sincerity is the practice of right conduct and is related to substantive good conduct itself, as shadow to substance, which is essential.[98]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).

Jain concept of 'Good conduct'

Jainism Books

Good conduct in Jainism encompasses ethical behavior essential for spiritual liberation, illustrating moral integrity, virtuous actions, and adherence to principles of life, fostering societal well-being and guiding individuals' decisions towards righteousness and personal welfare.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) Good conduct-obscuring karma is the cause for the confusion of Sadhu Kandarika's mind, as mentioned in the context of his actions.[99] (2) The unbroken good behavior of Sumitra's sister, highlighting her virtuous nature.[100] (3) A quality attributed to Pushpa, highlighting her virtuous and moral behavior.[101] (4) The state of being virtuous, which the Lord embodies as he wanders.[102] (5) Behavior characterized by ethical practice and adherence to the principles of life, essential for liberation.[103]

From: Acaranga-sutra

(1) The behavior that is morally right or virtuous; in the provided text, it contrasts with mere show of good conduct.[104]

From: Uttaradhyayana Sutra

(1) The behavior of adhering to virtuous actions and avoiding evil ways, which is essential for personal welfare.[105]

From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)

(1) Good conduct signifies behavior that adheres to moral and ethical standards, fostering positive relationships and societal well-being.[106]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Good conduct in local and regional sources

History Books

Good conduct encompasses moral and ethical behavior recognized as valuable across various philosophies and religions, including Buddhism and Hinduism, emphasizing kindness, compassion, and integrity, while also addressing societal responsibilities and the intrinsic worth of virtuous actions.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The last four chapters preach increase of this, holiness, recollection of three jewels and the practice of worship.[107] (2) This refers to the behavior of a person, and the text states that the good conduct of the Naib and peons meant they must not beat another man to death within the next six months.[108] (3) This is a person's behavior that is detached from all concern about the fruits of action.[109] (4) The behavior that reflects moral integrity, often emphasized in enlightened religions.[110] (5) The practice of ethical behavior and adherence to moral principles in societal settings.[111]

From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints

(1) Moral or ethical behavior that is typically appreciated but rejected by sinful individuals.[112]

The concept of Good conduct in scientific sources

Science Books

Good conduct, rooted in Sadvrutta, emphasizes moral behavior and ethical practices for well-being. It involves following rules, controlling urges, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, promoting mental and physical balance, especially among the elderly. These behaviors contribute to individual and community health.

Significance in Religious Studies:
Religion Books

From: Religions Journal (MDPI)

(1) Plays a commendable role in helping others to understand Islam and Muslims and gain their respect, as gaining respect is a reciprocal relationship.[113] (2) Authentic Christian living is brought about by believing and acting accordingly, emphasizing that faith requires its sister, which is good conduct in everyday life.[114] (3) In 2:12, an exhortation to good conduct in the public sphere begins, with the main instruction being “submission” to human institutions.[115] (4) Being devoid of good conduct, killed in the battle, having finished their lives, they were generally reborn in hell or as animals.[116]

From: Religious Inquiries (Journal)

(1) Good conduct towards parents, relatives, orphans, the poor, neighbors, and even includes guidance on the treatment of servants and slaves is advised by the Quran.[117]

Plural form: Good conducts.