Significance of Free Radical
Free radicals are unstable molecules with unpaired electrons, generated by metabolism, external agents, or pollutants. These molecules can damage cells, DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to oxidative stress, aging, and various diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular conditions. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, preventing cellular damage. The balance between free radicals and antioxidants is crucial for maintaining health and preventing disease. Some studies show agents that reduce free radicals may delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Synonyms: Reactive species, Unpaired electron, Unstable molecule, Oxidant, Free radical species, Reactive oxygen species, Reactive nitrogen species
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Hindu concept of 'Free Radical'
In Hinduism, Free Radicals are unstable molecules produced by metabolism, radiation, or food oxidation. Linked to aging, diseases, and oxidative stress, they damage cells and are countered by antioxidants in herbs and diet.
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) They also have antagonistic action on the oxidative stressors, which give rise to the formation of different free radicals.[1] (2) Near UV light is absorbed by tryptophan and lead to production of the free radical single oxygen.[2] (3) These are important factors in the development of the disease and its complications, which is mentioned in the text.[3] (4) This excessive production occurs due to low thyroid hormone, and it interacts with body material and destruction occurs, which can be counteracted by Rasayanas.[4] (5) Free radicals are very reactive molecules or fractions of molecules formed mainly from oxidation products of foods under the influence of radiation or food additives, or when the food is not sufficiently protected by certain vitamins.[5]
From: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine
(1) Free radical production is affected by the iodine value, and a lower value indicates the stability of the oil and resistance to oxidation.[6] (2) Unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and disease, which pumpkin seeds' antioxidants can help neutralize.[7] (3) Free radicals are highly reactive entities produced during normal metabolic processes, which can have both beneficial and adverse effects on cells.[8] (4) These are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells, and the study suggests that the extracts may have antioxidant properties that help scavenge these.[9] (5) Highly reactive chemical substances that can damage proteins, cell membranes, and DNA, contributing to complications in COVID-19 and other viral infections.[10]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) Specific etiology of Parkinson’s disease is associated with aging and aging associated neurodegeneration associated with oxidative and nitrosativestress mediated these.[11] (2) These are unstable molecules that can damage cells, and yoga and meditation regulate them.[12] (3) Ama can be correlated with these present in the body and blood.[13] (4) Free radicals are released in a body due to sleep deprivation, causing oxidation inside body which further affect multiple body organs.[14] (5) Free radicals are said to be produced in the body in abundance when body’s primary defenses system are disturbed.[15]
The concept of Free Radical in scientific sources
Free radicals are unstable, reactive molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons. Produced by metabolism or environmental factors, they cause oxidative damage to cells, contributing to aging, diseases, and lipid peroxidation. Antioxidants neutralize them.
From: International Journal of Pharmacology
(1) Gliclazide has been reported to scavenge free radicals, suggesting its potential in vitro antioxidant properties, an attribute that is relevant to the study's focus on cardiovascular health in diabetic rats.[16] (2) Tetracyclines are particularly versatile in their ability to combat oxidative stress and scavenge free radicals, confirming the novelty of the current results that showed novel antioxidant capacities of Mino.[17] (3) The present study evidently proves that the chosen plant enhances the activity of glutathione family members and also acts as a scavenger to prevent the damage caused by the free radicals released by induction of p-DAB and other prevents the lipid peroxidation activity.[18] (4) Carvedilol exhibits cytoprotective effects against the generation of this compound in the liver.[19] (5) These are unstable molecules that can damage cells, and vitamin E prevents injury by blocking chain reactions.[20]
From: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics
(1) Entities that D. sissoo leaves extract’s capacity to scavenge was determined using the DPPH technique.[21] (2) These are unstable molecules that can damage cells, and gliclazide reduces their levels, preventing vascular complications.[22] (3) Release of these from ethanol causes liver damage and induces p450 E1 cytochrome.[23] (4) A substance that Gallic acid neutralizes, as well as possessing anticancer qualities, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and lowers oxidative damage.[24] (5) The liver is susceptible to poisons from medications, chemicals, viruses, and damage caused by these entities.[25]
From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
(1) Oxidative stress, free radicals, and bone remodeling are interconnected processes, emphasizing the need to understand their relationship in bone health.[26] (2) These are substances that are present in cigarette smoke and, when inhaled, can contribute to the disruption of the body's natural defense mechanisms and induce oxidative stress.[27] (3) Radicals that NO allows to scavenge, but under pathological conditions, such as infection, varicocele or diabetes mellitus, excessive NO production can cause sperm toxicity.[28] (4) These are unstable molecules that can damage cells, and antioxidants work by neutralizing these molecules to prevent harm, and the study investigated this activity.[29] (5) These are unstable molecules that can cause damage, and can contribute to injury after ischemia-reperfusion events.[30]
From: Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development
(1) C. dichotoma and C. retusa exhibited an appreciable amount of phenolic acids and this scavenging activity.[31] (2) Unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to oxidative stress, and are counteracted by antioxidants.[32] (3) These are unstable molecules that can damage cells, and the antioxidant activity of the extracts is related to their ability to neutralize them.[33] (4) These are highly reactive molecules that can damage cells and contribute to degenerative diseases, which antioxidants are designed to neutralize.[34] (5) These are cellular modulators produced within the body system, and an increase in their production results in a state of oxidative stress, potentially leading to the development of many degenerative diseases and the loss of body function.[35]
From: Journal of Public Health in Africa
(1) These are molecules that react with surrounding cell molecules, potentially causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell damage.[36] (2) These are unstable molecules that can damage cells, and are associated with oxidative stress, and antioxidants can help neutralize them.[37] (3) Free radicals can cause damage from various cells, one of which is blood vessel endothelial cells, and the antioxidant activity in purple sweet potatoes can help prevent their increase.[38] (4) These are unstable molecules that can cause cellular damage, and their generation is linked to the aging process, specifically the chronologically aged skin, according to the provided text.[39]
From: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
(1) A molecule or atom with an unpaired electron, highly reactive and capable of causing cellular damage, particularly when produced in excess.[40] (2) The presence of GA, Q and other antioxidants in T. sericea may serve the purpose, because termination of a free radical may be done through neutralisation by another antioxidant or with other mechanisms.[41] (3) Free radicals are induced by stress and can cause damage to cell membranes, and vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that has been shown to scavenge free radicals in the body, and the increased MDA concentration in the donkeys after packing occurred as a result.[42] (4) AA has been reported to be a chain-breaking antioxidant, involved in the prevention and restriction of free-radical chain formation and propagation, and it protects blood cells from oxidative damage induced by free radicals and cortisol.[43]
From: South African Family Practice
(1) Fibromyalgia is a rheumatological disease and some of the main concerns are chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and subsequently, elevated levels of free radicals.[44] (2) These are molecules with an unpaired electron, making them unstable and capable of causing cellular damage through chain reactions, and are a focus in the context of antioxidants.[45]
From: International Journal of Pharmacology
(1) Unstable molecules that can cause cellular damage, which Phoenix dactylifera L. extract is potent in suppressing through various mechanisms.[46] (2) The production of free radicals is recognized as a contributing factor to acute cerebral ischemic injury.[47] (3) Unstable molecules generated from various biological pathways during exercise, contributing to oxidative stress.[48] (4) Dipyridamole has demonstrated antioxidant effects by reducing the formation of free radicals in neutrophils.[49] (5) Unstable molecules that silymarin can react with, transforming them into less harmful substances.[50]
From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
(1) These are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to oxidative stress, a major mechanism of dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson's disease.[51] (2) Free radical reaction is a key mechanism for tetracycline antibiotics degradation by GAC-Fe, with hydroxyl radicals (·OH) identified as the type of free radical involved in heterogeneous catalytic degradation.[52] (3) It enhances selective bacterial tolerance to pesticides and are associated with the mechanism of microbial adaptation to pesticide exposure.[53] (4) Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells, and studies suggest that RFR exposure can increase the production of free radicals in sperm, leading to oxidative stress and impaired sperm function.[54] (5) "Free radicals" play a major role in photocatalytic degradation, and scavenging experiments were performed to analyze the active species in the photocatalytic degradation of TC-HCl catalyzed by the 30% PCNS/BWO composite.[55]
From: Sustainability Journal (MDPI)
(1) Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause cell damage and oxidative stress, and the Vachellia karroo leaf extract can serve as free radical inhibitors.[56] (2) The production of free radicals remains effective at moderate Fe(II) concentrations, but DO begins to decrease due to increased catalytic activity, so the generation of free radicals is important.[57] (3) The text mentions that the degradation of pollutants using ultraviolet light was possible due to the generation of free radicals in response to the ultraviolet light.[58] (4) Free radicals react with membrane lipids, leading to the accumulation of more ROS, especially H2O2, in plants, which causes lipid peroxidation and damages the membrane system.[59] (5) Advanced oxidation processes are based on the production and use of free radicals, such as hydroxyl, as potent oxidizers to destroy substances that do not completely oxidize with commonly used oxidizers.[60]
From: South African Journal of Psychiatry
(1) The activities of erythrocyte free radical scavenging enzymes are investigated in different forms of schizophrenia.[61] (2) Free radicals attack vital structural components of neurons, and agents that reduce free radical generation could potentially delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.[62]