Significance of External use

External use, across Vaishnavism, Ayurveda, Theravada, and Health Sciences, consistently signifies the application of substances to the body's exterior. This includes topical applications of medications, herbal preparations, and various treatments directly on the skin or mucous membranes. These applications, such as ointments, oils, and formulations, aim to address a range of conditions, including skin ailments, wounds, and other therapeutic needs, differing from internal consumption.

Synonyms: Topical application, Surface application, External application, Outdoor use

In Dutch: Uitwendig gebruik; In Finnish: Ulkoiseen käyttöön; In Spanish: Uso externo; In German: Externe Verwendung

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'External use'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, "External use" concerns ointments applied topically, not ingested. This action avoids offense when the ointment's purpose is external, such as for skin ailments, differing from uses that involve internal consumption.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Vinaya Pitaka (2): Bhikkhuni-vibhanga (the analysis of Nun’ rules)

(1) Refers to ointment given for purposes other than consumption, indicating circumstances under which no offence is registered.[1]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'External use'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, "External use" denotes applying substances topically for therapeutic purposes. This encompasses applying formulations, herbal preparations, and medications to the skin or mucosal membranes, addressing various skin conditions, injuries, and providing relief from ailments.

Significance in Ayurveda (science of life):
Ayurveda Books

From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga

(1) Sattu is also used both internally and externally in the management of various disorders.[2] (2) Pratisaraniya kshara is one of the two major types of kshara and is for this.[3] (3) Ruksh Swedan with Potali swedana of joint.[4] (4) A study was conducted on patients of Dadru for evaluation of Lepa of a paste of leaves as this.[5] (5) These involve applying Aswagandha in forms like warm paste for conditions like Granthivisarpa.[6]

From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

(1) It refers to the Bahya Prayoga of Panchtikta Mishraka Gana for conditions.[7] (2) This refers to the application of herbal preparations to the outside of the body, specifically the skin or mucosal membranes, for therapeutic purposes according to the provided material.[8] (3) This indicates one of the applications of Kshara, which is used for various skin conditions, as mentioned in the provided information.[9] (4) About 66 among these are used internally followed by 21 externally and 14 are being used both internal and external uses.[10] (5) This is the use of copper vessels for the preparation of different formulations, as mentioned in the text.[11]

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 4: Cikitsasthana

(1) The application of oleaginous substances or medications on the body surface rather than ingested, including treatments like massages and enemas.[12]

From: Charaka Samhita (English translation)

(1) These are the medications which are applied to the outside of the body and are beneficial to edema patients, as mentioned in the text.[13]

From: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine

(1) The application of Gandhaka Malahara, a medicine, topically for local use, with a specified dosage of 10 gm, as part of the treatment protocol.[14]

From: Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra

(1) It refers to the application of Pitta-subduing measures on the body's surface to treat Nasa-paka.[15]

Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) Refers to the intended purpose of the iron waterpot, highlighting the material focus that contrasts with spiritual needs.[16]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).

The concept of External use in scientific sources

Science Books

External use encompasses the topical application of substances for therapeutic purposes. This includes treatments for skin conditions like eczema and burns, utilizing ingredients like Lac, Kshara, Aloe vera, Liquorice, Udavartan Churna, mango, and Sharapunkha. It emphasizes direct application to the skin or affected areas, not internal consumption.

Significance in Health Sciences:
Health Sciences Books

From: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics

(1) The text refers to the study showing that the best results were obtained when using the gel with bischofite this way.[17] (2) Future prospects for the creation of microsponge for external use might provide a successful approach to the treatment of arthritis.[18]

Significance in Environmental Sciences:
Environmental Sciences Books

From: Sustainability Journal (MDPI)

(1) The project is intended for this, and application use near large obstacles can render e-GNSS positioning impossible.[19]

Plural form: External Uses.