Significance of Dosha
Synonyms: Imbalance, Defect, Flaw, Disorder, Irregularity, Fault
In Dutch: Dosha; In German: Dosha; In Finnish: Dosha; In Spanish: Dosha; In Swedish: Dosha; In Malay: Dosha; In French: Dosha; In Portugese: Dosha; In Italian: Dosha; In Polish: Dosza
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Dosha'
In Buddhism, Dosha is interpreted as ill-will, aversion, or hatred. It's a root of evil, leading to negative mental states, unwholesome actions, and hindering spiritual progress.
From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life
(1) Dosa is defined as aversion, and it is one of the akusala cetasikas that arise only with akusala cittas, causing feelings of dislike or repulsion.[1] (2) Dosa is a root of akusala, and the text mentions that javana-cittas can be rooted in lobha, dosa, or moha.[2] (3) Dosa is aversion, and it is mentioned as a condition for akusala kamma-pathas alongside lobha and moha, and the akusala cittas are the opposite of kusala cittas.[3] (4) Also known as aversion, this is accumulated and can cause unpleasant mental feeling to arise; when there are no more conditions for this, there can still be bodily painful feeling.[4] (5) The root of aversion that leads to akusala cittas and contributes to dislike or negative feelings.[5]
From: A Manual of Abhidhamma
(1) Hatred or aversion towards others, which is also categorized as an immoral state.[6] (2) Dosa, or aversion, is one of the three immoral roots that contribute to negative emotional states.[7] (3) Hatred or aversion, another defilement listed in Buddhist teachings.[8] (4) Ill-will or aversion, one of the three roots of evil that lead to akusala consciousness.[9]
From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)
(1) It is also known as hatred, it is an akusala (defilement) that arises less and less in those who observe Ariya Uposatha Síla and meditate on virtues.[10] (2) Dosa, also known as hatred, is defined as anger or violence of mind that soils the mind and can result in an inferiority complex, fear, sorrow, grief, depression, anger, grudge, and even planning to harm others.[11] (3) A negative mental state associated with ill will or hatred.[12] (4) Hatred or aversion that influences the King’s anger and reactions throughout the story.[13]
From: The Doctrine of Paticcasamuppada
(1) Dosa refers to hatred, and it is questioned whether one can be overwhelmed by it and bribe the King of Death for adjournment.[14] (2) The negative emotions or ill will that can arise following a Vedana, preventing the realization of spiritual goals.[15] (3) Hatred or aversion that drives negative actions when Paticcasamuppada revolves in this emotional state.[16]
From: Cetasikas
(1) Knowing the characteristics of this and other akusala cetasikas can lead to a reduction in regret and a greater understanding of mental processes.[17] (2) Aversion or anger, another root that leads to unwholesome thoughts and actions.[18] (3) Aversion or anger, it does not like the object which is experienced and is often accompanied by unhappy feelings.[19]
From: Patthana Dhamma
(1) This has a destructive nature, hurting anyone or anything, and is the head of all dosa-related cetasikas and cittas, leading to wicked and inhumane actions when present.[20] (2) Hatred or aversion, another key negative mental state.[21]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) Anger or aversion, considered one of the three poisons that hinder spiritual progress.[22]
From: Introducing Buddhist Abhidhamma
(1) Hate, associated with aversion and negative mental states.[23]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) This is what the monk said to the elephant, leading to the elephant's remorse and subsequent events.[24]
Hindu concept of 'Dosha'
In Hinduism, Dosha, primarily in Ayurveda, refers to fundamental energies or humors (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Their balance is crucial for health; imbalances lead to disease. Treatments aim to restore equilibrium.
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) Doshas are energies in the body that become disturbed and contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, requiring pacification through Ayurvedic treatments, diet, and lifestyle adjustments to manage the condition.[25] (2) Dosha predominance is considered when adapting Shodhana lines of treatment for body dysmorphic disorder, with Vata, Pitta, and Kapha influences guiding therapeutic approaches.[26] (3) In Ayurvedic perspective, illnesses are a result of imbalances, with cancer being caused by interactions between aberrant forms of it and weak Dhatus.[27] (4) Doshas are subdued at their own places by Shamana, and Aushadha Sevana Kalas are explained for the Shamana type of treatment.[28] (5) Doshas can be vitiated by Pragyaparada, and imbalance of the Doshas is a major cause of illness and life style disorders according to the text.[29]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) Disturbed factors examined in Ayurveda to understand a disease, which are related to imbalances in mental energy.[30] (2) Constituents of the body that are described in Ayurveda and responsible for how the body functions.[31] (3) These are vitiated due to impaired digestion, leading to a buildup that blocks channels of circulation and results in abdominal expansion.[32] (4) Also known as bio energies, the normalcy or equilibrium state of these, along with other factors, signifies a healthy person according to Acharya Susrutha.[33] (5) Agni along with optimal state of this, Dhatu and Mala plays a vital role to govern bodily functions smoothly.[34]
From: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine
(1) Dosha, specifically Vata and Kapha, are the body humors involved in psoriasis, according to Ayurveda, influencing the manifestation of symptoms like reduced sweating, skin lesions, and scaling.[35] (2) The dosha, specifically Kapha and Pitta, are mentioned in the context of symptoms presenting in Dyslipidemia, indicating their involvement in the manifestation and progression of the condition.[36] (3) Dosha vitiation affecting the Twak, rakta, mangsa and ambu due to mithyaahara, vihara and karma, thus it produces kustha, which is classified as one of the “Astha Mahagada”.[37] (4) Doshas are pacified by Gudhuchi, which is responsible for balancing all the Dhatus, leading to it being called as the Rasayani.[38] (5) It refers to bio humors that should be assessed correctly by a physician.[39]
From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 4: Cikitsasthana
(1) The quantity of diet should be proportionate to the Dosha eliminated from the organism, with the eliminated Dosha measured in Prastha, half an adhaka or an adhaka.[40] (2) Doshas are imbalances that need to be considered when administering Vastis, and treatments must be tailored to address the specific Doshas involved.[41] (3) The three fundamental biological energies in Ayurvedic medicine (Vayu, Pitta, and Kapha) that govern physical and mental processes.[42] (4) Morbific principles in the body which when aggravated cause diseases and imbalances needing treatment.[43] (5) Morbific principles in the body that can become aggravated and lead to the formation of swellings (Shopha).[44]
From: Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra
(1) The term refers to deranged bodily elements, such as Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, which are described as the cause of several eye diseases, as they get into and are incarcerated within the Patala, affecting the vision and causing various symptoms.[45] (2) These are the three fundamental elements of the body, and their aggravation and imbalance are said to give rise to the disease, and the treatment does not vary according to symptoms.[46] (3) An Ayurvedic term denoting the three fundamental bodily substances that affect health, influencing treatment strategies.[47] (4) Imbalances within the body that can lead to disease and must be addressed through specific remedies.[48] (5) The fundamental energies in Ayurvedic medicine (Kapha, Pitta, Vata) that can become imbalanced and affect health.[49]
From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 2: Nidanasthana
(1) The Doshas, including Vayu, Pitta, and Kapha, are fundamental energies or humors within the body, and their imbalance is a primary factor in the development and characteristics of abscesses.[50] (2) The fundamental principles (Vayu, Pitta, Kapha) in a person that can become deranged and lead to Kushtha.[51] (3) Deranged principles or energies in the body that lead to diseases.[52] (4) The three energies (Vayu, Pitta, Kapha) that can become deranged and contribute to the development of different types of hemorrhoids.[53]
From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 3: Sharirasthana
(1) The Doshas include Vayu, Pitta, and Kapha, and each of the vessels should be regarded as affording an opportunity for conveying all kinds of Doshas.[54] (2) Bodily principles that are potentially imbalanced, which the treatment aims to rectify.[55] (3) Morbific principles like Vayu, Pitta, or Kapha that can influence health and bodily functions when imbalanced.[56] (4) Morbific principles of the body such as Vayu, Pitta, and Kapha which are essential in Ayurvedic medicine.[57]
From: Sushruta Samhita, Volume 5: Kalpasthana
(1) The three key energies (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) in the body according to Ayurvedic medicine that influence health and disease.[58] (2) Fundamental bodily elements or energies in Ayurvedic medicine that need to be balanced for optimal health, particularly in the context of poisoning.[59]
From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 1: Sutrasthana
(1) The bodily humors or energies in Ayurveda, which can become imbalanced, causing illness.[60] (2) The term for physiological and psychological states in Ayurveda, specifically referring to imbalances that lead to health issues.[61]
From: Bhesajjakkhandhaka (Chapter on Medicine)
(1) The three physiological factors in Ayurveda—vata (wind), pitta (bile), and kapha (phlegm)—that must maintain balance for good health; their imbalance can lead to disease.[62]
From: History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda)
(1) The three physiological energies in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, crucial to the balance of health.[63]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry
(1) According to the provided text, the condition can be classified as due to an excess of wind, animal heat, or phlegm, or a combination of these faults.[64] (2) The bodily elements that need to be considered when deciding the right accompaniment for the medicine.[65] (3) Refers to the fundamental bodily energies in Ayurveda that must be considered when administering the pills.[66] (4) The three vital forces in the body (vayu, kapha, pitta) that must be balanced for health.[67] (5) Body energies that physical exercise helps to balance and control, thus promoting overall health.[68]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances
(1) The three temperaments that are vayu, pitta, and kapha; a balance of these should be treated with a medium preparation.[69] (2) This refers to the three fundamental energies or principles that govern the body, which can be pacified by poison, highlighting its potential therapeutic effects in addressing imbalances.[70]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 5: Treatment of various afflictions
(1) These are the three elements that, when imbalanced, can cause the disease Rajayakshma, and are dominated by phlegm, with the result that the dhatus or the constituent parts of the body undergo waste.[71]
From: Garuda Purana
(1) The three bodily principles in Ayurveda that can contribute to the formation of ulcers.[72] (2) The three bodily humours: Vayu, Pittam, Kaphah that must be in equilibrium for health.[73] (3) The three governing principles in Ayurveda: Vayu (wind), Pittam (bile), and Kaphah (phlegm), impacting health and disease.[74]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) Another term for taint, indicating sinful acts that are prompted by emotions such as love and hatred.[75]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) Dosha, meaning wickedness, is a trait developed by Duryodhana and others, even after seeing Shri Bhagavan personally.[76]
The concept of Dosha in local and regional sources
Dosha relates to humors in Ayurvedic medicine, linked to terms like aḫlat. It signifies disorder and shared terminology and refers to wind, bile, and phlegm. It is a Sanskrit term, sometimes associated with sin or offense.
From: History of Science in South Asia
(1) Dosa is a Sanskrit term that explicitly refers to the humours, and it is mentioned in the BhM, but the humours are mentioned without being identified by a specific name in the Pali canon.[77] (2) The term dosha, glossed by the Arabic aḫlat, refers to the humors that are discussed in the text, and the signs of their decrease and increase are described.[78] (3) They are defined as wind ( vata/vayu ), bile ( pitta ), andphlegm ( kapha/shleshman ) and become pathogenic when one or more becomes riled and dislodges.[79] (4) This is an Ayurvedic word for disorder, and the Hathapradipika provides a good sample of shared terminology, including the use of the word dosha.[80]
From: Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages
(1) This word signifies a sin, crime, guilt, or offense against divine law, religion, custom, or other moral or ethical standards, according to the provided text.[81]
From: Triveni Journal
(1) This is a food item that was served to the author, and the author remembers the sweet words of Masti.[82]
The concept of Dosha in scientific sources
Dosha, in Ayurveda, refers to three fundamental energies—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—that govern bodily functions and influence physical and mental health. Balance among these energies is crucial for overall well-being.
From: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics
(1) Bodily humors that need assessment for treatment strategy, according to the provided text, to determine medication on the basis of personalized medicine.[83] (2) Apart from antidiabetic activities, Haritaki is also helpful in curing diseases associated with imbalance of all three of these.[84] (3) Every month the menstrual fluid is produced and released, purifying the body of imbalanced/toxic essences by facilitating excretion of these.[85] (4) These are fundamental energies in Ayurveda, with Kapha-Pradhana Doshas being relevant to Ashmari.[86]