Significance of Disease
Synonyms: Illness, Sickness, Ailment, Disorder, Condition, Malady, Affliction, Plague, Infection, Disease process, Infirmity
In Dutch: Ziekte; In Finnish: Sairaus; In Spanish: Enfermedad; In German: Krankheit; In Malay: Penyakit; In Swedish: Sjukdom; In French: Maladie; In Finnish: Tauti; In Italian: Malattia; In Portugese: Doença; In Polish: Choroba
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Disease'
In Buddhism, "disease" encompasses both physical ailments and metaphorical afflictions like greed. It highlights suffering, the need for managing the aggregates, consequences of bad actions, and the body's inherent vulnerability.
From: Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks’ rules)
(1) Common afflictions, with diabetes being noted as the exceptional high disease.[1]
From: The Doctrine of Paticcasamuppada
(1) The ailments that afflict living beings, contributing to suffering throughout life.[2]
From: Visuddhimagga (the pah of purification)
(1) A metaphorical comparison indicating how the aggregates require continuous management and bring about suffering.[3]
From: Guide to Tipitaka
(1) This is one of the pains that the material body is subjected to, according to the Buddha's explanation to Nakulapita, and is associated with the suffering of the five aggregates.[4]
From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)
(1) Disease is an evil consequence, or adinava, that is associated with the negative outcomes of bad actions, as described in the text.[5]
From: Patipada (path of practice)
(1) This term is used metaphorically to describe greed, highlighting its feared nature, difficulty in treatment, and the hopelessness it can instill in those afflicted.[6]
From: Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga
(1) The body is subject to this because it is not the self.[7]
From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka
(1) It is an ailment, such as thick scabs, that affects monks and requires the use of an itch-cloth to manage the discharge and prevent robes from sticking to the body.[8]
From: Maha Buddhavamsa—The Great Chronicle of Buddhas
(1) Apart from the said three kinds of lotuses, there is the fourth kind of lotuses which will neither appear at all above the water nor bloom forth; the lotuses of this kind are diseased.[9]
From: Mahavastu (great story)
(1) A condition that afflicts the body and symbolizes the suffering inherent in the cycle of life.[10]
Hindu concept of 'Disease'
In Hinduism, disease encompasses physical and mental ailments, imbalances in the body's elements, consequences of actions, and deviations from a normal state. Ayurveda emphasizes prevention and holistic approaches to understand and treat diseases.
From: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
(1) Disease knowledge can be obtained clinically by applying the Pramanas, which are five in number, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the ailment.[11] (2) Diseases are influenced by Kaala, with time playing a role in their manifestation, classification (acute or chronic), and management, as well as in the body's response to treatments.[12] (3) Disease can be caused by disturbance in Agni due to improper diet, lifestyle, and stress, which contributes to the development of dysbiosis, leading to various organ system diseases, according to the information presented.[13] (4) The word disease literally means lack of ease, or a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it, setting it apart from other normal or pathological body states.[14] (5) These are prevented by following a proper diet and lifestyle regimen according to Ayurveda.[15]
From: International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
(1) Illnesses caused by our Agni or digestive system and poor eating habits are mostly to blame for the bulk of lifestyle issues that exist today.[16] (2) Ayurveda Shashtra protects the health of a healthy person but also cures it, and gives information about the reason due to which they arise.[17] (3) Diseases such as obesity, depression, cough and fever induce sleep and is described as Vyaadhi Anuvartinin.[18] (4) It can be avoided by drinking water from eight prasriti before sunrise, potentially allowing one to live for a hundred years.[19] (5) Human beings are becoming more unhealthy and more prone to this than ever before.[20]
From: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine
(1) This refers to the condition of hair loss, which is the subject of the treatment and study, as described in the text.[21] (2) This refers to the fact that the treatment in modern science does not cure the disease, but can only control the episode of the attack, as explained.[22] (3) Preserving fenugreek diversity enables the utilization of genetic resources to develop resilient varieties that are more tolerant to drought, pests, and these, and is sustainable.[23]
From: Charaka Samhita (English translation)
(1) Articles of antagonistic potency to this are used to impart pleasant color, taste, touch, and odor to the medication, suitable to the conditions.[24] (2) These are various ailments that can arise from excessive impletion and depletion, and are described along with their remedies within the chapter entitled "Impletion Therapy".[25]
From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 2: Nidanasthana
(1) Maladies resulting from the derangement of Vayu and interactions with other principles.[26]
From: Bhesajjakkhandhaka (Chapter on Medicine)
(1) A harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, influenced by natural or biological factors.[27]
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) A physical ailment afflicting a king, which prompted him to seek divine intervention and ultimately led to his complete cure and restoration to a beautiful state.[28] (2) Death and old age are the daughters of the Kala, and the dear wives of this.[29] (3) The ailment afflicting King Harishcandra, which prompted him to seek a remedy, ultimately leading to the decision to perform a sacrifice with a purchased son.[30]
From: Mahabharata (English)
(1) This describes one that transcends all kinds of disease, signifying health and freedom from ailments.[31] (2) Illnesses resulting from the actions invoked by Death, linked to the tears shed by her.[32]
From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4
(1) Diseases are represented as serpents infesting the ocean, symbolizing the dangers and suffering present in the world.[33] (2) It is a condition where the problems are less significant than those experienced during infancy, old age, danger, or the approach of death.[34]
From: Brihaddharma Purana (abridged)
(1) The manifestations of the negative traits begotten by Adharma, causing suffering and mortality among humans.[35]
From: Garuda Purana
(1) Disease is one of the negative outcomes that overtake the man who wears a gem of the condemnable sort.[36]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry
(1) It is due to mere kapha (phlegm) or mere pitta in which ghrita is to be prohibited.[37] (2) Ailments that can be cured by a parpati created from a combination of mercury, copper, gold, and sulphur that has been transformed from kajjali or black powder.[38] (3) This refers to the ailments that the parpatis are considered efficacious for, especially when combined with other substances.[39] (4) These ailments can arise from eating meals at times that are not suitable, suggesting a link between meal timing and health.[40] (5) Diseases are the various health problems that the medicine is designed to treat, emphasizing the therapeutic purpose of the formulation, as described in the instructions.[41]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 2: Minerals (uparasa)
(1) Various ailments for which the gold-coloured liquid may be used as a treatment.[42]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances
(1) Diseases can be prevented and cured by the Brahmana variety of poisons, and the vaisya variety can be used in diseases of minor importance, according to the provided text.[43]
From: Chaitanya Bhagavata
(1) The text mentions that remembering certain devotees can alleviate this, along with birth, death and old age, suggesting a path to liberation from existential anxieties.[44] (2) This refers to any kind of illness, sickness, or medical condition that affects a person's health.[45] (3) Ailment that someone believes can be cured by smearing medicated ghee.[46]
From: Garga Samhita (English)
(1) Health afflictions that are stated to be nonexistent in the location where the Syamantaka jewel is honored.[47] (2) Health issues or ailments from which the speaker is asking for protection.[48]
From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)
(1) This does not exist in heaven, a place where the narrator resided, experiencing delight and full satisfaction, along with the absence of other negative experiences.[49]
From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
(1) The verse includes individuals suffering from ailments, emphasizing the importance of providing sustenance for persons afflicted with filthy diseases.[50] (2) Disease refers to an illness or condition that may arise as a consequence of an injury, necessitating medical treatment and care, the expenses of which are the responsibility of the assailant.[51] (3) This refers to illnesses that, if mentioned with the intent to revile, may result in a fine, whether falsely, truly, or ironically.[52] (4) Refers to physical ailments; in the context of marriage eligibility, a girl who is free from disease is preferred.[53]
From: Bharadvaja-srauta-sutra
(1) A condition signifying illness, mentioned in the context of those who should consume the remnants for healing.[54]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Bhoja’s Rajamartanda)
(1) Sickness or fever resulting from disordered humours, causing distractions from meditation.[55]
From: Shat-cakra-nirupana (the six bodily centres)
(1) Refers to physical or mental ailments that the individual becomes free from through meditation.[56]
From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)
(1) The disturbance of the equilibrium of the humours, chyle, and the organs of the body.[57]
From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology
(1) Disease, as described in the text, is associated with conflict, and is considered in relation to planetary configurations that influence outcomes and events related to the sixth house.[58] (2) This word is associated with the sixth house, which is primarily concerned with health, and is used to describe any condition that impairs the normal functioning of a living organism.[59]
From: Brihat Samhita
(1) Disease is indicated if a rope or net is seen; if bark-dress is seen, the matter relates to one’s kinsmen, according to the text.[60]
From: Kautilya Arthashastra
(1) A condition that affects the health of horses, which requires veterinary care and changes to their diet, and is a concern.[61] (2) Health afflictions mentioned in the context of harm inflicted through intentional acts, often as a result of using specified mixtures.[62]
From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)
(1) This is an illness, and a practice involving writing passages from the Qur’an on a bowl is used to remove it.[63] (2) Used metaphorically to describe the threat posed by Cirajivin against the King of Crows.[64]
From: Vivekachudamani
(1) It is a form of misery that results from the bondage of the non-Self, contributing to a long train of suffering.[65]
From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)
(1) It is something that troubled Mahidasa, but he declared he would not die from it, showing his strong will.[66]
From: Satapatha-brahmana
(1) A condition affecting the sacrificial horse that requires additional offerings for healing; it reflects concerns regarding the animal's health in sacrificial rites.[67]
From: Natyashastra (English)
(1) Disease owes its origin to an attack of three humours such as wind, biles and phlegm, and fever and similar other illnesses are special varieties of disease, according to the text.[68]
From: Parama Samhita (English translation)
(1) Disease or fear are reasons to make a daily incantation of the mantra of the eight or twelve syllables, (the names, Narayana or Vasudeva).[69]
Jain concept of 'Disease'
In Jainism, disease encompasses bodily ill-health, a spiritual affliction for saints, and physical ailments like boils or leprosy. These conditions should be approached with calm reflection rather than spoken of in a derogatory manner.
From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
(1) It is the affliction of the body with hundreds of ailments, which ascetics are not subjugated by, not utilizing powers of cure and having no attachment towards the body.[70] (2) One of the fourteen afflictions that may affect saints, indicating physical illness in their spiritual journey.[71] (3) A condition of ill health within the body, categorized as an affliction.[72]
From: Acaranga-sutra
(1) Health issues that impact the body, examples being boils or leprosy, which should not be spoken of in a derogatory manner.[73]
From: Naladiyar
(1) These are many, and should be combatted by calmly reflecting.[74]
From: Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti)
(1) It is one of the eleven difficulties that enter into actions giving experience, along with other difficulties such as wandering, couch, and punishment.[75]
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) Candashasana's suffering from love is compared to a disease, highlighting the debilitating and consuming nature of his infatuation with Nanda.[76]
The concept of Disease in local and regional sources
Disease, as defined in ancient texts, stems from imbalances in bodily constituents like bile, phlegm, and humours. These imbalances, influenced by seasons and diet, cause suffering and unhealthy conditions.
From: History of Science in South Asia
(1) Diseases related to bile, phlegm, and wind are discussed in the context of seasonal pacification, indicating a connection between seasons and health.[77] (2) Diseases can be caused by the unbalance of humours, as mentioned in BhM 18.2, and can be caused by an increase in humours, their union, or colligation.[78] (3) Diseases arise through bile, blood, and phlegm, according to Philolaus, and are caused by the residues of foods in the body and the essential elements.[79] (4) Disease is a concept that can be defined as an imbalance in the bodily constituents, and this definition is mentioned in the Patanjalayogashastra.[80]
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) The text mentions this along with dire famine, flood, and pestilence and asks where your Congressmen are in these days.[81] (2) An unhealthy condition of the body, particularly one that causes fear and leads people to flee from a city.[82] (3) This describes a condition, indicating the divine's role in causing suffering and affliction.[83]
From: Triveni Journal
(1) Disease is one of the hardships, along with famine, that the speaker questions whether it is the sole destiny for the people, who deserve better fortunes.[84] (2) Disease is one of the troubling sights witnessed by Prince Siddhartha, playing a role in his understanding of suffering and his decision to leave his life of privilege.[85] (3) The promise to “end poverty, disease and inequality of opportunity” should be fulfilled.[86]
From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints
(1) The discomforts of the diseases of this earthly existence will at once flee away when people listen to the story.[87]
The concept of Disease in scientific sources
The text defines "disease" broadly as impaired organism functioning, citing examples like Ebola, COVID-19, cancer, and fascioliasis. It encompasses viral, parasitic, and other conditions, highlighting their impact and the need for treatment and prevention.
From: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
(1) Control programmes based on integrated preventive approaches involving improved surveillance of this.[88] (2) The disease is the ASF, and although the Zambian government has endeavoured to control the disease, outbreaks continue to be reported across the country.[89] (3) This is an illness caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony variant, and it impacts cattle production in Africa.[90] (4) This covers about 11 million square kilometers of sub-Saharan Africa occurring in 37 countries, as the text mentions.[91] (5) This is the illness, brucellosis, that is being studied and the focus of eradication efforts.[92]
From: South African Family Practice
(1) Disease is not merely a biological phenomenon, but also a social and cultural construct, with its meaning and interpretation shaped by societal norms, beliefs, and historical contexts.[93] (2) Disease is an end-point diagnosis that is always preceded by dysfunction on a biochemical level and is often the focus of conventional medicine, which aims to treat symptoms or the disease itself.[94] (3) This is the focus of the patient's understanding and the clinician's health education, and the patient needs to link the risks correctly.[95] (4) The subject of the essay competition, which students were asked to write about, expressing their knowledge of the disease, its transmission, prevention, and possible solutions to the problem, providing insights into their understanding of AIDS.[96] (5) This is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition of the skin, and it can have a significant impact on the quality of life.[97]
From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
(1) This refers to any condition that impairs the normal functioning of a living organism, and Newcastle disease is caused by NDV.[98] (2) These are conditions that impair the normal functioning of a living organism, and mutations in mtDNA contribute to some well characterized of these.[99] (3) Cervical cancer, which has a substantial prevalence, and causes a significant economic burden on society and the individual.[100] (4) These are conditions that impair normal function in a living organism, such as infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.[101] (5) This is what we think we may be exposed to and being asked to observe MCO due to others’ negligence.[102]
From: International Journal of Pharmacology
(1) It includes a wide range, from the common cold or headache to complex diseases such as psychoneurological or cardiovascular ones and even cancers.[103] (2) These are part of a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability, along with injuries and risk factors.[104] (3) Traditional Chinese medicine has valuable effects on these, but has limited application.[105] (4) Fig. 4 represents the number of medicinal plants used for various disease.[106] (5) Ailments and disorders are mentioned in the context of magnesium deficiency's role in the pathogenesis of disease.[107]
From: Journal of Public Health in Africa
(1) It may cause severe infestations and deformation in endemic communities and needs to be considered as a Public health concern in endemic communities.[108] (2) An illness where legislations and policies govern control, including cholera, with varying levels of implementation across different periods and cholera listed as a priority within this strategy.[109] (3) A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury, which is a disease.[110] (4) The disease refers to leprosy, which is the central focus of the study, and the text examines the social stigma associated with the disease and its impact on the lives of those affected and the efforts to eliminate it.[111] (5) Diseases are illnesses that affect the body, and the study identified the most common diseases that lead to death.[112]
From: South African Journal of HIV Medicine
(1) This refers to any condition that impairs the normal functioning of a living organism, and it is crucial to incorporate the prevalence of a specific illness into the sample size calculations.[113] (2) Disease is a condition that impairs normal functioning of the body, and the guidelines focus on a specific fungal disease.[114] (3) Disease is any condition that impairs the normal functioning of a living organism, often characterized by specific signs and symptoms.[115] (4) A condition that impairs the normal functioning of a living organism, such as HIV.[116] (5) This is a reference to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, and the text discusses the need for comprehensive care and treatment to deal a mortal blow to it.[117]
From: African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine
(1) Physical fitness is defined as the ability of the body to function successfully and proficiently, being healthy and being able to resist disease.[118] (2) This refers to the medical condition that was the subject of the study, and for which a specific treatment was used.[119] (3) A condition that impairs normal functioning.[120] (4) The illness, which has had an unprecedented impact on global public health, leading to economic burdens and stress on families, and requires medical attention.[121] (5) This refers to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a novel virus that has rapidly spread across countries globally and has been declared a pandemic. Healthcare practitioners are at the forefront of the outbreak in terms of the clinical management of confirmed positive cases of this illness.[122]
From: South African Journal of Physiotherapy
(1) This refers to an illness, and patients undergoing amputation due to this condition may be less inclined to accept a prosthesis due to their general health.[123] (2) The disease is the condition being discussed, and the text explains its effects, causes, and potential treatments.[124] (3) A condition that is definitely not inherited through a mutant gene, but there seems to be a slightly increased predisposition to develop in close relatives.[125] (4) This phrase refers to the condition of poliomyelitis, which is the primary focus of the research foundation and the subject of scientific investigation.[126] (5) The disease, cystic fibrosis, has a very variable course, so the prognosis must be given cautiously, as the diagnosis is not synonymous with death in childhood.[127]
From: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics
(1) Associated with respiratory tract and mortality, and very important in global health.[128] (2) The prevention and control of these that can cause complications in accidents and crises is important.[129] (3) An imbalance caused by a buildup of toxins in the blood tissue.[130] (4) Conditions affecting the brain, targeted by drugs delivered through novel approaches.[131] (5) These have predictable cyclic rhythms and that the timing of medication regimens can improve outcome in selected chronic conditions, according to recent studies.[132]
From: Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development
(1) A debilitating illness that poses a significant global health burden, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and requires continuous efforts for its control and eradication.[133]
From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
(1) Disease is a condition that health authorities address by efficiently distributing finite healthcare resources to populations, often requiring prioritization of geographic target regions for intervention.[134] (2) The text references epidemiology of tropical cyclones and their dynamics related to disaster, disease, and development.[135] (3) refers to the negative health outcomes that occur late in life as a transgenerational effect of famine and that parameters aim to prevent.[136] (4) Disease is mentioned in relation to infectious conditions such as mumps, with discussion of disease control, prevention, and the characteristics of specific diseases.[137] (5) The text refers to leptospirosis as a disease, highlighting the development of departmental emergency councils and health promotion activities as preventive measures against this specific disease.[138]
From: Sustainability Journal (MDPI)
(1) Various diseases, including headaches, high blood pressure, and cancer, can arise from uncontrolled disposal of carwash wastewater (CWW), which highlights the potential harm.[139] (2) This refers to illnesses affecting marine organisms, potentially causing widespread mortality and ecosystem disruption.[140] (3) These have become a major cause of coral cover loss in the Caribbean, with stony coral tissue loss being particularly lethal to numerous species.[141] (4) Diseases are a type of agricultural production risk that farmers face, and cost-of-production insurance helps fruit growers avoid these risks.[142] (5) These, along with pest attacks and floods, significantly and negatively influence the food security of the household, and proper prevention measures should be taken.[143]
From: International Journal of Pharmacology
(1) Endoplasmic reticulum stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, as indicated by scientific literature.[144] (2) Diseases implicated by iron include cancer, ischemia, Parkinson's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.[145] (3) The JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors are studied for their roles in various conditions.[146] (4) Conditions that affect the normal functioning of the body, some of which were identified as potentially linked to Metformin-Magnevist interaction.[147] (5) Disease is associated with IL-6 and can be chronic, involving the immune system and ascorbic acid.[148]
From: South African Journal of Psychiatry
(1) These are the type of occurrences that are covered by the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act.[149] (2) A particular destructive process, such as alcohol dependence, and preventing complications thereof should be of utmost importance.[150] (3) This is one of the three scourges traditionally plaguing the continent, with AIDS, malaria, and other illnesses posing significant challenges.[151]
From: Religions Journal (MDPI)
(1) Diseases are cured by the goddess, representing healing, well-being, and the restoration of health through divine intervention, according to the text.[152]
Classical concept of 'Disease'
From: Aesop's Fables (English translation)
(1) Diseases are the ailments that the frog, in its self-proclaimed role as a learned physician, claimed to be able to heal using its knowledge of drugs.[153] (2) The disease represents the initial threat posed by the Kite to the Pigeons, which they sought to alleviate, only to encounter a far greater danger in the form of the Hawk.[154]
From: The Iliad of Homer (English translation)
(1) Disease is a condition that Polyidus foretold Euchenor would die of if he stayed at home, presenting him with a choice between a slow illness or a warrior's death.[155]
From: The History of Herodotus
(1) An ailment about which people offered advice based on their own experiences or observations, reflecting a reliance on communal knowledge.[156]
From: Egypt Through The Stereoscope
(1) Besides the expense, the pilgrimage is a fruitful source of disease, with many dying from the hardships incident to the desert journey and the importation of epidemics.[157]
From: Egyptian Magic
(1) Certain diseases were believed to be attributed to the action of evil spirits or demons, which had the power of entering into human bodies.[158]