Verse 441-443

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

द्विविधाः क्षणिकाः भावाः केचिद्ध्रासस्य हेतवः ।
शीतादेरेव वह्न्याद्या अपरे न तथाविधाः ॥ ४४१ ॥
अदृष्टतत्त्वो लोकस्तु विरोधमभिमन्यते ।
कार्यकारणभावेऽपि प्रथमोक्तेष्वनेकधा ॥ ४४२ ॥
बाध्यबाधकभावस्तु वस्तुनो नैव तात्त्विकः ।
विद्यते तत एवोक्तं विरोधगतिरित्यपि ॥ ४४३ ॥

dvividhāḥ kṣaṇikāḥ bhāvāḥ keciddhrāsasya hetavaḥ |
śītādereva vahnyādyā apare na tathāvidhāḥ || 441 ||
adṛṣṭatattvo lokastu virodhamabhimanyate |
kāryakāraṇabhāve'pi prathamokteṣvanekadhā || 442 ||
bādhyabādhakabhāvastu vastuno naiva tāttvikaḥ |
vidyate tata evoktaṃ virodhagatirityapi || 443 ||

There are two kinds of ‘momentary things’—some are causes of decadence,—e.g. fire is the cause of the decadence (diminution) of cold; and others are not so.—People, not perceiving the truth, think that there is antagonism of various kinds among things, even when the relation of cause and effect is there, as a matter of fact however there is no real ‘antagonism’ among things, in the shape of the relation of the destroyer and destroyed. It is in this sense that the expression ‘notion of antagonism’ has been used.—(441-443)

 

Kamalaśīla’s commentary (tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā):

The following Text proceeds to explain the idea of ‘antagonism’ (relation of Destroyer and Destroyed) among things:—[see verses 441-443 above]

There are certain things which become causes of the ‘decadence’ of certain other things,—the ‘decadence’ consisting in the production of ‘moments’ of gradually decreasing degrees of intensity; for instance fire is the cause of such a ‘decadence’ of Cold;—while there are other things which are not so,—i.e. not causes of the decadence of things; e.g. Fire is not the cause of the ‘decadence’ of smoke.—Among the former—i.e. among the causes of decadence,—even though there is the relation of cause and effect,—yet people, having their powers of vision bedimmed by ignorance, think that there is ‘antagonism’ (between the said cause and the thing whose decadence has been brought about),—of various hinds,—e.g. Fire is antagonistic to Gold, Air is antagonistic to the Lamp, Light is antagonistic to Darkness and so forth.—In reality, however, there is no such antagonism among things as that between the destroyer and the destroyed; because when an entity comes into existence, it does so in its complete form,—and it is impossible to bring about any change in the nature of a thing; there can be no cause for any such change,—whether it be different or non-different from the thing. As regards the non-entity, nothing can be done to it, simply because it is non-existent.—So that in both ways, the ‘antagonist’ can do nothing. It is for this reason that the Teacher has declared that ‘When your cause is there in its perfect form, and yet there is non-existence (of its effect) while something else is existent, it is spoken of as antagonism’;—it is only a notion of antagonism; i.e. there is no real antagonism.

The particle ‘api’ stands for ‘ca’, and should be construed after ‘eva’.—(441-443)