Sutta 4: The Skulls

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c12] Thus have I heard:

At one time, the Buddha (佛 [fu]) was in Rājagṛha (羅閱城 [luo yue cheng]), on Gṛdhrakūṭa Mountain (耆闍崛山 [qi du jue shan]), with a large assembly of five hundred bhikkhus (大比丘眾 [da bi qiu zhong]).

[0650c12] wén rú shì:

yī shí, fú zài luó yuè chéng qí dū jué shān zhōng, yǔ dà bǐ qiū zhòng wǔ bǎi rén jù.

[0650c12] wen ru shi:

yi shi, fu zai luo yue cheng qi du jue shan zhong, yu da bi qiu zhong wu bai ren ju.

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c13] At that time, the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) arose from his quiet dwelling and descended Gṛdhrakūṭa Mountain (靈鷲山 [ling jiu shan]), accompanied by the brahmin Deer-head (鹿頭梵志 [lu tou fan zhi]). They gradually traveled to the area of the great terrifying charnel ground (大畏塜 [da wei zhong]). At that time, the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) picked up a skull of a deceased person and gave it to the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), saying, "You, brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! Are skilled in astronomy (星宿 [xing su]), and also in medicine (醫藥 [yi yao]), able to treat various illnesses. You understand all realms of existence, and you can also know the causes of death for people. I now ask you, whose skull is this? Is it a man's or a woman's? And from what illness did this person die?"

[0650c13] ěr shí, shì zūn cóng jìng shì qǐ xià líng jiù shān, jí jiāng lù tóu fàn zhì, ér jiàn yóu xíng dào dà wèi zhǒng jiān. ěr shí, shì zūn qǔ sǐ rén dú lóu shòu yǔ fàn zhì, zuò shì shuō: “rǔ jīn, fàn zhì! míng yú xīng sù, yòu jiān yī yào néng liáo zhì zhòng bìng, jiē jiě zhū qù, yì fù néng zhī rén sǐ yīn yuán. wǒ jīn wèn rǔ, cǐ shì hé rén dú lóu, wèi shì nán yé? wèi shì nǚ hū? fù yóu hé bìng ér qǔ mìng zhōng?”

[0650c13] er shi, shi zun cong jing shi qi xia ling jiu shan, ji jiang lu tou fan zhi, er jian you xing dao da wei zhong jian. er shi, shi zun qu si ren du lou shou yu fan zhi, zuo shi shuo: "ru jin, fan zhi! ming yu xing su, you jian yi yao neng liao zhi zhong bing, jie jie zhu qu, yi fu neng zhi ren si yin yuan. wo jin wen ru, ci shi he ren du lou, wei shi nan ye? wei shi nu hu? fu you he bing er qu ming zhong?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c19] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) immediately took the skull, examined it repeatedly, and then tapped it with his hand. He said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This is a man's skull, not a woman's."

[0650c19] shì shí, fàn zhì jí qǔ dú lóu fǎn fù guān chá, yòu fù yǐ shǒu ér qǔ jī zhī, bái shì zūn yuē: “cǐ shì nán zi dú lóu, fēi nǚ rén yě.”

[0650c19] shi shi, fan zhi ji qu du lou fan fu guan cha, you fu yi shou er qu ji zhi, bai shi zun yue: "ci shi nan zi du lou, fei nu ren ye."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c21] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "So it is, brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! As you say, this is a man's, not a woman's."

[0650c21] shì zūn gào yuē: “rú shì, fàn zhì! rú rǔ suǒ yán, cǐ shì nán zi, fēi nǚ rén yě.”

[0650c21] shi zun gao yue: "ru shi, fan zhi! ru ru suo yan, ci shi nan zi, fei nu ren ye."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c23] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) asked, "From what cause did he die?"

The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person died due to a multitude of diseases accumulating, causing pain in all his joints."

[0650c23] shì zūn wèn yuē: “yóu hé mìng zhōng?”

fàn zhì fù shǒu zhuō jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ zhòng bìng jí còu, bǎi jié suān téng gù zhì mìng zhōng.”

[0650c23] shi zun wen yue: "you he ming zhong?"

fan zhi fu shou zhuo ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci zhong bing ji cou, bai jie suan teng gu zhi ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c25] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "By what method should it be treated?"

The brahmin Deer-head (鹿頭梵志 [lu tou fan zhi]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "One should take haritaki fruit (呵梨勒果 [he li lei guo]), mix it with honey, and then consume it. This illness will be cured."

[0650c25] shì zūn gào yuē: “dāng yǐ hé fāng zhì zhī?”

lù tóu fàn zhì bái fú yán: “dāng qǔ hē lí lēi guǒ, bìng qǔ mì hé zhī, rán hòu fú zhī, cǐ bìng dé yù.”

[0650c25] shi zun gao yue: "dang yi he fang zhi zhi?"

lu tou fan zhi bai fu yan: "dang qu he li lei guo, bing qu mi he zhi, ran hou fu zhi, ci bing de yu."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c27] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! As you say. If this person had obtained this medicine, he would not have died. Where was this person reborn after dying today?"

[0650c27] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán, shè cǐ rén dé cǐ yào zhě, yì bù mìng zhōng. cǐ rén jīn rì mìng zhōng, wèi shēng hé chù?”

[0650c27] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! ru ru suo yan, she ci ren de ci yao zhe, yi bu ming zhong. ci ren jin ri ming zhong, wei sheng he chu?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0650c29] Then, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), hearing this, again tapped the skull and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person, after dying, was reborn in the three evil destinies (三惡趣 [san e qu]), not in a good place."

[0650c29] shí, fàn zhì wén yǐ, fù zhuō dú lóu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ rén mìng zhōng shēng sān è qù, bù shēng shàn chù.”

[0650c29] shi, fan zhi wen yi, fu zhuo du lou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci ren ming zhong sheng san e qu, bu sheng shan chu."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a02] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "So it is, brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! As you say, reborn in the three evil destinies (三惡趣 [san e qu]), not in a good place."

[0651a02] shì zūn gào yuē: “rú shì. fàn zhì! rú rǔ suǒ yán, shēng sān è qù, bù shēng shàn chù.”

[0651a02] shi zun gao yue: "ru shi. fan zhi! ru ru suo yan, sheng san e qu, bu sheng shan chu."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a03] At that time, the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) again picked up another skull and gave it to the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), asking the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), "Whose is this, a man's or a woman's?"

[0651a03] shì shí, shì zūn fù gèng zhuō yī dú lóu shòu yǔ fàn zhì, wèn fàn zhì yuē: “cǐ shì hé rén, nán yé? nǚ yé?”

[0651a03] shi shi, shi zun fu geng zhuo yi du lou shou yu fan zhi, wen fan zhi yue: "ci shi he ren, nan ye? nu ye?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a04] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This skull is from a woman's body."

[0651a04] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ dú lóu, nǚ rén shēn yě.”

[0651a04] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci du lou, nu ren shen ye."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a06] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "From what illness did this person die?"

At that time, the brahmin Deer-head (鹿頭梵志 [lu tou fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This woman died because she was pregnant."

[0651a06] shì zūn gào yuē: “yóu hé zhěn bìng zhì cǐ mìng zhōng?”

shì shí, lù tóu fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ nǚ rén huái rèn gù zhì mìng zhōng.”

[0651a06] shi zun gao yue: "you he zhen bing zhi ci ming zhong?"

shi shi, lu tou fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci nu ren huai ren gu zhi ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a08] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "This woman, from what cause did she die?"

[0651a08] shì zūn gào yuē: “cǐ nǚ rén zhě, yóu hé mìng zhōng?”

[0651a08] shi zun gao yue: "ci nu ren zhe, you he ming zhong?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a09] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "This woman died because her month of delivery was not yet complete, and she died in childbirth."

[0651a09] fàn zhì bái fú: “cǐ nǚ rén zhě, chǎn yuè wèi mǎn, fù yǐ chǎn ér gù zhì mìng zhōng.”

[0651a09] fan zhi bai fu: "ci nu ren zhe, chan yue wei man, fu yi chan er gu zhi ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a10] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! Brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! As you say. And for that pregnant woman, what was the method of treatment?"

[0651a10] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! fàn zhì! rú rǔ suǒ yán. yòu bǐ huái rèn, yǐ hé fāng zhì?”

[0651a10] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! fan zhi! ru ru suo yan. you bi huai ren, yi he fang zhi?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a11] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "For such an illness, one needs good clarified butter (sarpis) (酥醍醐 [su ti hu]). If consumed, it would be cured."

[0651a11] fàn zhì bái fú: “rú cǐ bìng zhě, dāng xū hǎo sū tí hú, fú zhī zé chà.”

[0651a11] fan zhi bai fu: "ru ci bing zhe, dang xu hao su ti hu, fu zhi ze cha."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a12] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "So it is, so it is, as you say. Now this woman has died, where was she reborn?"

[0651a12] shì zūn gào yuē: “rú shì, rú shì, rú rǔ suǒ yán. jīn cǐ nǚ rén yǐ qǔ mìng zhōng, wèi shēng hé chù?”

[0651a12] shi zun gao yue: "ru shi, ru shi, ru ru suo yan. jin ci nu ren yi qu ming zhong, wei sheng he chu?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a14] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "This woman, after dying, was reborn among animals (畜生中 [chu sheng zhong])."

[0651a14] fàn zhì bái fú: “cǐ nǚ rén yǐ qǔ mìng zhōng, shēng chù shēng zhōng.”

[0651a14] fan zhi bai fu: "ci nu ren yi qu ming zhong, sheng chu sheng zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a15] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! Brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! As you say."

[0651a15] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! fàn zhì! rú rǔ suǒ yán.”

[0651a15] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! fan zhi! ru ru suo yan."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a16] At that time, the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) again picked up another skull and gave it to the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), asking the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), "Man or woman?"

[0651a16] shì shí, shì zūn fù gèng zhuō yī dú lóu shòu yǔ fàn zhì, wèn fàn zhì yuē: “nán yé? nǚ yé?”

[0651a16] shi shi, shi zun fu geng zhuo yi du lou shou yu fan zhi, wen fan zhi yue: "nan ye? nu ye?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a17] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This skull is from a man's body."

[0651a17] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ dú lóu zhě, nán zi zhī shēn.”

[0651a17] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci du lou zhe, nan zi zhi shen."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a19] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say. From what illness did this person die?"

[0651a19] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán. yóu hé zhěn bìng zhì cǐ mìng zhōng?”

[0651a19] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan. you he zhen bing zhi ci ming zhong?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a20] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person died due to excessive eating and a sudden severe diarrhea."

[0651a20] fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ rén mìng zhōng yǐn shí guò chà, yòu yù bào xià, gù zhì mìng zhōng.”

[0651a20] fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci ren ming zhong yin shi guo cha, you yu bao xia, gu zhi ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a21] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "By what method should this illness be treated?"

[0651a21] shì zūn gào yuē: “cǐ bìng yǐ hé fāng zhì?”

[0651a21] shi zun gao yue: "ci bing yi he fang zhi?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a22] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "Refraining from food for three days would bring recovery."

[0651a22] fàn zhì bái fú: “sān rì zhī zhōng jué liáng bù shí, biàn dé chú yù.”

[0651a22] fan zhi bai fu: "san ri zhi zhong jue liang bu shi, bian de chu yu."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a23] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say. Where was this person reborn after dying?"

[0651a23] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán. cǐ rén mìng zhōng, wèi shēng hé chù?”

[0651a23] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan. ci ren ming zhong, wei sheng he chu?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a24] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person died and was reborn in the realm of hungry ghosts (餓鬼中 [e gui zhong]). The reason is that his mind was attached to water."

[0651a24] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ rén mìng zhōng shēng è guǐ zhōng. suǒ yǐ rán zhě, yì xiǎng zhe shuǐ gù.”

[0651a24] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci ren ming zhong sheng e gui zhong. suo yi ran zhe, yi xiang zhe shui gu."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a26] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say."

[0651a26] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán.”

[0651a26] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a27] At that time, the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) again picked up another skull and gave it to the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), asking the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), "Man or woman?"

[0651a27] ěr shí, shì zūn fù gèng zhuō yī dú lóu shòu yǔ fàn zhì, wèn fàn zhì yuē: “nán yé? nǚ yé?”

[0651a27] er shi, shi zun fu geng zhuo yi du lou shou yu fan zhi, wen fan zhi yue: "nan ye? nu ye?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651a28] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This skull is from a woman's body."

[0651a28] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ dú lóu zhě, nǚ rén zhī shēn.”

[0651a28] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci du lou zhe, nu ren zhi shen."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b01] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say. From what illness did this person die?"

[0651b01] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán. cǐ rén mìng zhōng yóu hé zhěn bìng?”

[0651b01] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan. ci ren ming zhong you he zhen bing?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b02] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "She died during childbirth."

[0651b02] fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “dāng chǎn zhī shí yǐ qǔ mìng zhōng.”

[0651b02] fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "dang chan zhi shi yi qu ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b03] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "How did she die during childbirth?"

[0651b03] shì zūn gào yuē: “yún hé dāng chǎn zhī shí yǐ qǔ mìng zhōng?”

[0651b03] shi zun gao yue: "yun he dang chan zhi shi yi qu ming zhong?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b04] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This woman's body was exhausted, and she died of hunger."

[0651b04] fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ nǚ rén shēn, qì lì xū jié, yòu fù jī è yǐ zhì mìng zhōng.”

[0651b04] fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci nu ren shen, qi li xu jie, you fu ji e yi zhi ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b06] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Where was this person reborn after dying?"

[0651b06] shì zūn gào yuē: “cǐ rén mìng zhōng, wèi shēng hé chù?”

[0651b06] shi zun gao yue: "ci ren ming zhong, wei sheng he chu?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b07] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person died and was reborn in the human realm (人道 [ren dao])."

[0651b07] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ rén mìng zhōng shēng yú rén dào.”

[0651b07] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci ren ming zhong sheng yu ren dao."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b08] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "It is not so that one who dies of hunger desires to be reborn in a good place. It is possible for them to be reborn in the three evil destinies (三惡趣 [san e qu])."

[0651b08] shì zūn gào yuē: “fū è sǐ zhī rén yù shēng shàn chù zhě, cǐ shì bù rán, shēng sān è qù zhě kě yǒu cǐ lǐ.”

[0651b08] shi zun gao yue: "fu e si zhi ren yu sheng shan chu zhe, ci shi bu ran, sheng san e qu zhe ke you ci li."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b10] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This woman died with her precepts fully observed."

[0651b10] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ nǚ rén zhě, chí jiè wán jù ér qǔ mìng zhōng.”

[0651b10] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci nu ren zhe, chi jie wan ju er qu ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b11] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say, that woman's body, with precepts fully observed, thus died. The reason is that if there is a man or woman whose precepts are fully observed, at the time of their death, they will fall into two destinies: either in heaven (天上 [tian shang]) or among humans (人中 [ren zhong])."

[0651b11] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán, bǐ nǚ rén shēn, chí jiè wán jù zhì cǐ mìng zhōng. suǒ yǐ rán zhě, fū yǒu nán zi,, nǚ rén, jìn jiè wán jù zhě, shè mìng zhōng shí, dāng duò èr qù: ruò tiān shàng,, rén zhōng.”

[0651b11] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan, bi nu ren shen, chi jie wan ju zhi ci ming zhong. suo yi ran zhe, fu you nan zi,, nu ren, jin jie wan ju zhe, she ming zhong shi, dang duo er qu: ruo tian shang,, ren zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b14] At that time, the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) again picked up another skull and gave it to the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), asking, "Man or woman?"

[0651b14] ěr shí, shì zūn fù zhuō yī dú lóu shòu yǔ fàn zhì, wèn yuē: “nán yé? nǚ yé?”

[0651b14] er shi, shi zun fu zhuo yi du lou shou yu fan zhi, wen yue: "nan ye? nu ye?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b16] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This skull is from a man's body."

[0651b16] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ dú lóu zhě, nán zi zhī shēn.”

[0651b16] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci du lou zhe, nan zi zhi shen."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b17] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say, from what illness did this person die?"

[0651b17] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán zhě, cǐ rén yóu hé zhěn bìng zhì cǐ mìng zhōng?”

[0651b17] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan zhe, ci ren you he zhen bing zhi ci ming zhong?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b18] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person had no illness; he was killed by someone and thus died."

[0651b18] fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ rén wú bìng, wèi rén suǒ hài gù zhì mìng zhōng.”

[0651b18] fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci ren wu bing, wei ren suo hai gu zhi ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b20] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say, he was killed by someone and thus died." The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Where was this person reborn after dying?"

[0651b20] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán, wèi rén suǒ hài gù zhì mìng zhōng.” shì zūn gào yuē: “cǐ rén mìng zhōng, wèi shēng hé chù?”

[0651b20] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan, wei ren suo hai gu zhi ming zhong." shi zun gao yue: "ci ren ming zhong, wei sheng he chu?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b22] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person died and was reborn in a good place in heaven (天上 [tian shang])."

[0651b22] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ rén mìng zhōng shēng shàn chù tiān shàng.”

[0651b22] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci ren ming zhong sheng shan chu tian shang."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b23] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "As you say, your previous statement and your later statement do not correspond."

[0651b23] shì zūn gào yuē: “rú rǔ suǒ yán, qián lùn,, hòu lùn ér bù xiāng yīng.”

[0651b23] shi zun gao yue: "ru ru suo yan, qian lun,, hou lun er bu xiang ying."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b24] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "For what reason do they not correspond?"

[0651b24] fàn zhì bái fú: “yǐ hé yuán běn ér bù xiāng yīng?”

[0651b24] fan zhi bai fu: "yi he yuan ben er bu xiang ying?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b25] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "All men and women who are killed by others and thus die are all reborn in the three evil destinies (三惡趣 [san e qu]). How can you say they are reborn in a good place in heaven (天上 [tian shang])?"

[0651b25] shì zūn gào yuē: “zhū yǒu nán nǚ zhī lèi, wèi rén suǒ hài ér qǔ mìng zhōng, jǐn shēng sān è qù, rǔ yún hé yán shēng shàn chù tiān shàng hū?”

[0651b25] shi zun gao yue: "zhu you nan nu zhi lei, wei ren suo hai er qu ming zhong, jin sheng san e qu, ru yun he yan sheng shan chu tian shang hu?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b27] The brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "This person observed the five precepts (五戒 [wu jie]) and practiced the ten wholesome actions (十善 [shi shan]), and thus died and was reborn in a good place in heaven (天上 [tian shang])."

[0651b27] fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “cǐ rén fèng chí wǔ jiè, jiān xíng shí shàn, gù zhì mìng zhōng shēng shàn chù tiān shàng.”

[0651b27] fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "ci ren feng chi wu jie, jian xing shi shan, gu zhi ming zhong sheng shan chu tian shang."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651b29] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say, one who observes precepts and commits no offenses is reborn in a good place in heaven (天上 [tian shang])."

[0651b29] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán, chí jiè zhī rén wú suǒ chù fàn, shēng shàn chù tiān shàng.”

[0651b29] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan, chi jie zhi ren wu suo chu fan, sheng shan chu tian shang."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c01] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) again asked, "How many precepts did this person observe when he died?"

[0651c01] shì zūn fù zhòng gào yuē: “cǐ rén wèi chí jǐ jiè ér qǔ mìng zhōng?”

[0651c01] shi zun fu zhong gao yue: "ci ren wei chi ji jie er qu ming zhong?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c02] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), with single-minded concentration and no other thoughts, tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "Did he observe one precept or not? Two, three, four, or five or not? This person observed the eight precepts (八關齋法 [ba guan zhai fa]) and thus died."

[0651c02] shì shí, fàn zhì fù zhuān jīng yī yì wú tā yì xiǎng, yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “chí yī jiè yé? fēi yé? èr,, sān,, sì,, wǔ yé? fēi yé? rán cǐ rén chí bā guān zhāi fǎ ér qǔ mìng zhōng.”

[0651c02] shi shi, fan zhi fu zhuan jing yi yi wu ta yi xiang, yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "chi yi jie ye? fei ye? er,, san,, si,, wu ye? fei ye? ran ci ren chi ba guan zhai fa er qu ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c05] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Excellent! As you say, he observed the eight precepts (八關齋 [ba guan zhai]) and thus died."

[0651c05] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! shàn zāi! rú rǔ suǒ yán, chí bā guān zhāi ér qǔ mìng zhōng.”

[0651c05] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! shan zai! ru ru suo yan, chi ba guan zhai er qu ming zhong."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c07] At that time, to the south of Puxiang Mountain (普香山 [pu xiang shan]) in the eastern region, the bhikkhu Udāyin (優陀延比丘 [you tuo yan bi qiu]) entered parinirvāṇa (般涅槃 [ban nie pan]) in the realm of nirvāṇa without remainder (無餘涅槃界 [wu yu nie pan jie]). At that time, the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), in the time it takes to flex and extend an arm, went and brought that skull and gave it to the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), asking the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), "Man or woman?"

[0651c07] ěr shí, dōng fāng jìng jiè pǔ xiāng shān nán yǒu yōu tuó yán bǐ qiū, yú wú yú niè pán jiè ér qǔ bān niè pán. ěr shí, shì zūn qū shēn bì qǐng, wǎng qǔ bǐ dú lóu lái shòu yǔ fàn zhì, wèn fàn zhì yuē: “nán yé? nǚ yé?”

[0651c07] er shi, dong fang jing jie pu xiang shan nan you you tuo yan bi qiu, yu wu yu nie pan jie er qu ban nie pan. er shi, shi zun qu shen bi qing, wang qu bi du lou lai shou yu fan zhi, wen fan zhi yue: "nan ye? nu ye?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c10] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) again tapped it with his hand and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "I observe this skull, and originally it is neither male nor female. The reason is that I observe this skull, and I do not see its birth, nor its cessation, nor its coming and going in cycles. The reason is that I observe the eight directions, up and down, and there is no sound or echo. Now, World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun])! I do not know whose skull this person is."

[0651c10] shì shí, fàn zhì fù yǐ shǒu jī zhī, bái shì zūn yán: “wǒ guān cǐ dú lóu, yuán běn yì fù fēi nán, yòu fù fēi nǚ. suǒ yǐ rán zhě, wǒ guān cǐ dú lóu, yì bù jiàn shēng, yì bù jiàn duàn, yì bù jiàn zhōu xuán wǎng lái. suǒ yǐ rán zhě, guān bā fāng shàng xià, dōu wú yīn xiàng. wǒ jīn, shì zūn! wèi shěn cǐ rén shì shuí dú lóu?”

[0651c10] shi shi, fan zhi fu yi shou ji zhi, bai shi zun yan: "wo guan ci du lou, yuan ben yi fu fei nan, you fu fei nu. suo yi ran zhe, wo guan ci du lou, yi bu jian sheng, yi bu jian duan, yi bu jian zhou xuan wang lai. suo yi ran zhe, guan ba fang shang xia, dou wu yin xiang. wo jin, shi zun! wei shen ci ren shi shui du lou?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c15] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Stop! Stop! Brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! You still do not know whose skull this is? You should know that this skull has no end, no beginning, no birth and death (生死 [sheng si]), and no place to go in the eight directions, up or down. This is the skull of the bhikkhu Udāyin (優陀延比丘 [you tuo yan bi qiu]) from the south of Puxiang Mountain (普香山 [pu xiang shan]) in the eastern region, who entered parinirvāṇa (般涅槃 [ban nie pan]) in the realm of nirvāṇa without remainder (無餘涅槃界 [wu yu nie pan jie]). This is the skull of an arhat (阿羅漢 [a luo han])."

[0651c15] shì zūn gào yuē: “zhǐ! zhǐ! fàn zhì! rǔ jìng bù shí shì shuí dú lóu? rǔ dāng zhī zhī, cǐ dú lóu zhě, wú zhōng,, wú shǐ,, yì wú shēng sǐ, yì wú bā fāng,, shàng xià suǒ kě shì chù, cǐ shì dōng fāng jìng jiè pǔ xiāng shān nán yōu tuó yán bǐ qiū, yú wú yú niè pán jiè qǔ bān niè pán, shì ā luó hàn zhī dú lóu yě.”

[0651c15] shi zun gao yue: "zhi! zhi! fan zhi! ru jing bu shi shi shui du lou? ru dang zhi zhi, ci du lou zhe, wu zhong,, wu shi,, yi wu sheng si, yi wu ba fang,, shang xia suo ke shi chu, ci shi dong fang jing jie pu xiang shan nan you tuo yan bi qiu, yu wu yu nie pan jie qu ban nie pan, shi a luo han zhi du lou ye."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c20] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]), hearing these words, exclaimed, "This is unprecedented!" He then said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "I can now fully understand the origin of these ant-like insects. I can distinguish the sounds of birds and beasts, knowing which is male and which is female. However, when I observe this arhat (阿羅漢 [a luo han]), I see absolutely nothing. I do not see where he came from, nor where he went. The Tathāgata's (如來 [ru lai]) True Dharma (正法 [zheng fa]) is truly extraordinary! The reason is that the root of all dharmas (諸法 [zhu fa]) originates from the Tathāgata's (如來 [ru lai]) divine mouth, yet the arhat (阿羅漢 [a luo han]) emerges from the root of the sūtra Dharma (經法 [jing fa])."

[0651c20] ěr shí, fàn zhì wén cǐ yǔ yǐ, tàn wèi céng yǒu, jí bái fú yán: “wǒ jīn guān cǐ yǐ zi zhī chóng, suǒ cóng lái chù, jiē xī zhī zhī, niǎo shòu yīn xiàng jí néng bié zhī, cǐ shì xióng, cǐ shì cí. rán wǒ guān cǐ ā luó hàn, yǒng wú suǒ jiàn, yì bù jiàn lái chù, yì bù jiàn qù chù, rú lái zhèng fǎ shén wèi qí tè! suǒ yǐ rán zhě, zhū fǎ zhī běn chū yú rú lái shén kǒu, rán ā luó hàn chū yú jīng fǎ zhī běn.”

[0651c20] er shi, fan zhi wen ci yu yi, tan wei ceng you, ji bai fu yan: "wo jin guan ci yi zi zhi chong, suo cong lai chu, jie xi zhi zhi, niao shou yin xiang ji neng bie zhi, ci shi xiong, ci shi ci. ran wo guan ci a luo han, yong wu suo jian, yi bu jian lai chu, yi bu jian qu chu, ru lai zheng fa shen wei qi te! suo yi ran zhe, zhu fa zhi ben chu yu ru lai shen kou, ran a luo han chu yu jing fa zhi ben."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c26] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "So it is, brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! As you say, the root of all dharmas (諸法 [zhu fa]) originates from the Tathāgata's (如來 [ru lai]) mouth. Even if all devas (諸天 [zhu tian]), worldly beings, Māra (魔 [mo]), or Māra-devas (魔天 [mo tian]), they can never know the destination of an arhat (羅漢 [luo han])."

[0651c26] shì zūn gào yuē: “rú shì, fàn zhì! rú rǔ suǒ yán, zhū fǎ zhī běn chū rú lái kǒu, zhèng shǐ zhū tiān,, shì rén,, mó,, ruò mó tiān, zhōng bù néng zhī luó hàn suǒ qù.”

[0651c26] shi zun gao yue: "ru shi, fan zhi! ru ru suo yan, zhu fa zhi ben chu ru lai kou, zheng shi zhu tian,, shi ren,, mo,, ruo mo tian, zhong bu neng zhi luo han suo qu."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0651c28] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) bowed his head to his feet and said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "I can fully understand the destinations of ninety-six kinds of paths. However, I cannot distinguish the destination of the Tathāgata's (如來 [ru lai]) Dharma (法 [fa]). I only wish that the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) would allow me to enter the path (道次 [dao ci])."

[0651c28] ěr shí, fàn zhì tóu miàn lǐ zú, bái shì zūn yán: “wǒ néng jǐn zhī jiǔ shí liù zhǒng dào suǒ qù xiàng zhě, jiē xī zhī zhī； rú lái zhī fǎ suǒ qù xiàng zhě, bù néng fēn bié, wéi yuàn shì zūn dé zài dào cì.”

[0651c28] er shi, fan zhi tou mian li zu, bai shi zun yan: "wo neng jin zhi jiu shi liu zhong dao suo qu xiang zhe, jie xi zhi zhi; ru lai zhi fa suo qu xiang zhe, bu neng fen bie, wei yuan shi zun de zai dao ci."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a02] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Excellent! Brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi])! Cultivate brahmacarya (梵行 [fan xing]) well. There is no one who can know your destination."

[0652a02] shì zūn gào yuē: “shàn zāi! fàn zhì! kuài xiū fàn xíng, yì wú yǒu rén zhī rǔ suǒ qù xiàng chù.”

[0652a02] shi zun gao yue: "shan zai! fan zhi! kuai xiu fan xing, yi wu you ren zhi ru suo qu xiang chu."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a03] At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) immediately left home to cultivate the path (學道 [xue dao]), dwelling in a quiet place, contemplating the principles of the path (道術 [dao shu]). This means that a son of a good family, having shaved his beard and hair and donned the three robes (三法衣 [san fa yi]), has extinguished birth and death (生死 [sheng si]), established brahmacarya (梵行 [fan xing]), completed what needed to be done, and will no longer undergo rebirth, knowing it as it truly is. At that time, the brahmin (梵志 [fan zhi]) became an arhat (阿羅漢 [a luo han]).

[0652a03] ěr shí, fàn zhì jí dé chū jiā xué dào, zài xián jìng zhī chù, sī wéi dào shù. suǒ wèi zú xìng zi, tì chú xū fà, zhe sān fǎ yī, shēng sǐ yǐ jǐn, fàn xíng yǐ lì, suǒ zuò yǐ bàn, gèng bù fù shòu tāi, rú shí zhī zhī. shì shí, fàn zhì jí chéng ā luó hàn.

[0652a03] er shi, fan zhi ji de chu jia xue dao, zai xian jing zhi chu, si wei dao shu. suo wei zu xing zi, ti chu xu fa, zhe san fa yi, sheng si yi jin, fan xing yi li, suo zuo yi ban, geng bu fu shou tai, ru shi zhi zhi. shi shi, fan zhi ji cheng a luo han.

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a07] At that time, Venerable Deer-head (尊者鹿頭 [zun zhe lu tou]) said to the World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]), "I now know the Dharma (法 [fa]) that arhats (阿羅漢行 [a luo han xing]) cultivate."

[0652a07] ěr shí, zūn zhě lù tóu bái shì zūn yán: “wǒ jīn yǐ zhī ā luó hàn xíng suǒ xiū zhī fǎ.”

[0652a07] er shi, zun zhe lu tou bai shi zun yan: "wo jin yi zhi a luo han xing suo xiu zhi fa."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a09] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "How do you know the practices of an arhat (阿羅漢 [a luo han])?"

Deer-head (鹿頭 [lu tou]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "There are now four kinds of elements (界 [jie]). What are these four? The earth element (地界 [de jie]), water element (水界 [shui jie]), fire element (火界 [huo jie]), and wind element (風界 [feng jie]). These are the four elements, Tathāgata (如來 [ru lai])! When a person dies, the earth immediately returns to earth, water immediately returns to water, fire immediately returns to fire, and wind immediately returns to wind."

[0652a09] shì zūn gào yuē: “rǔ yún hé zhī ā luó hàn zhī xíng?”

lù tóu bái fú: “jīn yǒu sì zhǒng zhī jiè. yún hé wèi sì? de jiè,, shuǐ jiè,, huǒ jiè,, fēng jiè. shì wèi, rú lái! yǒu cǐ sì jiè. bǐ shí rén mìng zhōng, de jí zì shǔ de, shuǐ jí zì shǔ shuǐ, huǒ jí zì shǔ huǒ, fēng jí zì shǔ fēng.”

[0652a09] shi zun gao yue: "ru yun he zhi a luo han zhi xing?"

lu tou bai fu: "jin you si zhong zhi jie. yun he wei si? de jie,, shui jie,, huo jie,, feng jie. shi wei, ru lai! you ci si jie. bi shi ren ming zhong, de ji zi shu de, shui ji zi shu shui, huo ji zi shu huo, feng ji zi shu feng."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a13] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "What do you think, bhikkhu (比丘 [bi qiu])! How many elements are there now?"

[0652a13] shì zūn gào yuē: “yún hé, bǐ qiū! jīn yǒu jǐ jiè?”

[0652a13] shi zun gao yue: "yun he, bi qiu! jin you ji jie?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a14] Deer-head (鹿頭 [lu tou]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "In reality, there are four elements (界 [jie]), but in meaning, there are eight elements (界 [jie])."

The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "How are there four elements (界 [jie]) and in meaning eight elements (界 [jie])?"

[0652a14] lù tóu bái fú: “qí shí sì jiè, yì yǒu bā jiè.”

shì zūn gào yuē: “yún hé sì jiè, yì yǒu bā jiè?”

[0652a14] lu tou bai fu: "qi shi si jie, yi you ba jie."

shi zun gao yue: "yun he si jie, yi you ba jie?"

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a15] Deer-head (鹿頭 [lu tou]) said to the Buddha (佛 [fu]), "There are now four elements (界 [jie]). What are these four elements (界 [jie])? Earth (地 [de]), water (水 [shui]), fire (火 [huo]), and wind (風 [feng]) – these are the four elements (界 [jie]). How are there eight elements (界 [jie]) in meaning? The earth element (地界 [de jie]) has two kinds: internal earth (內地 [nei de]) or external earth (外地 [wai de]). What is meant by internal earth element (內地種 [nei de zhong])? Hair, bodily hair, nails, teeth, body, skin, sinews, bones, marrow, brain, intestines, stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys – these are called internal earth elements (內地種 [nei de zhong]). What is meant by external earth element (外地種 [wai de zhong])? All solid and firm objects – these are called external earth elements (外地種 [wai de zhong]). These are the two kinds of earth elements (二地種 [er de zhong]).

[0652a15] lù tóu bái fú: “jīn yǒu sì jiè. yún hé sì jiè? de,, shuǐ,, huǒ,, fēng, shì wèi sì jiè. bǐ yún hé yì yǒu bā jiè? de jiè yǒu èr zhǒng, huò nèi de,, huò wài de. bǐ yún hé míng wèi nèi de zhǒng? fà,, máo,, zhǎo,, chǐ,, shēn tǐ,, pí fū,, jīn,, gǔ,, suǐ,, nǎo,, cháng,, wèi,, gān,, dǎn,, pí,, shèn, shì wèi míng wèi nèi de zhǒng. yún hé wèi wài de zhǒng? zhū yǒu jiān láo zhě, cǐ míng wèi wài de zhǒng. cǐ míng wèi èr de zhǒng.

[0652a15] lu tou bai fu: "jin you si jie. yun he si jie? de,, shui,, huo,, feng, shi wei si jie. bi yun he yi you ba jie? de jie you er zhong, huo nei de,, huo wai de. bi yun he ming wei nei de zhong? fa,, mao,, zhao,, chi,, shen ti,, pi fu,, jin,, gu,, sui,, nao,, chang,, wei,, gan,, dan,, pi,, shen, shi wei ming wei nei de zhong. yun he wei wai de zhong? zhu you jian lao zhe, ci ming wei wai de zhong. ci ming wei er de zhong.

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a21] "What is meant by the water element (水種 [shui zhong])? There are two kinds of water element (水種 [shui zhong]): internal water element (內水種 [nei shui zhong]) or external water element (外水種 [wai shui zhong]). Internal water element (內水種 [nei shui zhong]) refers to: saliva, spittle, tears, urine, blood, marrow – these are called internal water elements (內水種 [nei shui zhong]). All external soft and moist objects – these are called external water elements (外水種 [wai shui zhong]). These are the two kinds of water elements (二水種 [er shui zhong]).

[0652a21] “bǐ yún hé wèi shuǐ zhǒng? shuǐ zhǒng yǒu èr, huò nèi shuǐ zhǒng,, huò wài shuǐ zhǒng. nèi shuǐ zhǒng zhě: xián,, tuò,, lèi,, niào,, xuè,, suǐ, shì wèi míng wèi nèi shuǐ zhǒng. zhū wài ruǎn nì wù zhě, cǐ míng wèi wài shuǐ zhǒng. shì míng èr shuǐ zhǒng.

[0652a21] "bi yun he wei shui zhong? shui zhong you er, huo nei shui zhong,, huo wai shui zhong. nei shui zhong zhe: xian,, tuo,, lei,, niao,, xue,, sui, shi wei ming wei nei shui zhong. zhu wai ruan ni wu zhe, ci ming wei wai shui zhong. shi ming er shui zhong.

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a24] "What is meant by the fire element (火種 [huo zhong])? There are two kinds of fire element (火種 [huo zhong]): internal fire (內火 [nei huo]) or external fire (外火 [wai huo]). What is meant by internal fire (內火 [nei huo])? That which completely digests all consumed food, leaving no residue – this is called internal fire (內火 [nei huo]). What is meant by external fire (外火 [wai huo])? All external objects that are hot and fiery – these are called external fire elements (外火種 [wai huo zhong]).

[0652a24] “bǐ yún hé míng wèi huǒ zhǒng? rán huǒ zhǒng yǒu èr, huò nèi huǒ,, huò wài huǒ. bǐ yún hé míng wèi nèi huǒ? suǒ shí zhī wù, jiē xī xiāo huà wú yǒu yí yú, cǐ míng wèi nèi huǒ. yún hé míng wèi wài huǒ? zhū wài wù rè shèng wù, cǐ míng wèi wài huǒ zhǒng.

[0652a24] "bi yun he ming wei huo zhong? ran huo zhong you er, huo nei huo,, huo wai huo. bi yun he ming wei nei huo? suo shi zhi wu, jie xi xiao hua wu you yi yu, ci ming wei nei huo. yun he ming wei wai huo? zhu wai wu re sheng wu, ci ming wei wai huo zhong.

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652a28] "What is meant by the wind element (風種 [feng zhong])? There are two kinds of wind element (風種 [feng zhong]): internal wind (內風 [nei feng]) or external wind (外風 [wai feng]). Internal wind (內風 [nei feng]) refers to: the wind within the lips, wind in the eyes, wind in the head, exhaled breath, inhaled breath, and wind between all limbs and joints – this is called internal wind (內風 [nei feng]). What is meant by external wind (外風 [wai feng])? All light, drifting, moving, and swift objects – these are called external wind (外風 [wai feng]). Thus, World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun])! There are two kinds, in reality four, and in number eight. Thus, World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun])! I observe this meaning: when a person dies, the four elements each return to their respective origins."

[0652a28] “yún hé míng wèi fēng zhǒng? yòu fēng zhǒng yǒu èr, huò yǒu nèi fēng,, huò yǒu wài fēng. suǒ wèi chún nèi zhī fēng,, yǎn fēng,, tóu fēng,, chū xī fēng,, rù xī fēng, yī qiè zhī jié zhī jiān fēng, cǐ míng wèi nèi fēng. bǐ yún hé míng wèi wài fēng? suǒ wèi qīng piāo dòng yáo,, sù jí zhī wù, cǐ míng wèi wài fēng. shì wèi, shì zūn! yǒu èr zhǒng, qí shí yǒu sì, shù yǒu bā. rú shì, shì zūn! wǒ guān cǐ yì, rén ruò mìng zhōng shí, sì zhǒng gè guī qí běn.”

[0652a28] "yun he ming wei feng zhong? you feng zhong you er, huo you nei feng,, huo you wai feng. suo wei chun nei zhi feng,, yan feng,, tou feng,, chu xi feng,, ru xi feng, yi qie zhi jie zhi jian feng, ci ming wei nei feng. bi yun he ming wei wai feng? suo wei qing piao dong yao,, su ji zhi wu, ci ming wei wai feng. shi wei, shi zun! you er zhong, qi shi you si, shu you ba. ru shi, shi zun! wo guan ci yi, ren ruo ming zhong shi, si zhong ge gui qi ben."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652b05] The World-Honored One (世尊 [shi zun]) said, "Impermanent dharmas (法 [fa]) do not coexist with permanence. The reason is that the earth element (地種 [de zhong]) has two kinds: internal or external. At that time, the internal earth element (內地種 [nei de zhong]) is impermanent and subject to change; the external earth element (外地種 [wai de zhong]) is constant and unchanging. Thus, there are two kinds of earth (地 [de]), and they are not in accord with permanence or impermanence. The other three great elements (大者 [da zhe]) are also like this; they are not in accord with permanence or impermanence. Therefore, Deer-head (鹿頭 [lu tou])! Although there are eight kinds, in reality there are four. Thus, Deer-head (鹿頭 [lu tou]), you should train yourself in this way."

[0652b05] shì zūn gào yuē: “wú cháng zhī fǎ yì bù yǔ yǒu cháng bìng. suǒ yǐ rán zhě, de zhǒng yǒu èr, huò nèi,, huò wài. ěr shí, nèi de zhǒng shì wú cháng fǎ,, biàn yì zhī fǎ； wài de zhǒng zhě, héng zhù,, bù biàn yì. shì wèi de yǒu èr zhǒng, bù yǔ yǒu cháng,, wú cháng xiāng yīng. yú sān dà zhě yì fù rú shì, bù yǔ yǒu cháng,, wú cháng gòng xiāng yīng. shì gù, lù tóu! suī yǒu bā zhǒng, qí shí yǒu sì. rú shì, lù tóu, dāng zuò shì xué.”

[0652b05] shi zun gao yue: "wu chang zhi fa yi bu yu you chang bing. suo yi ran zhe, de zhong you er, huo nei,, huo wai. er shi, nei de zhong shi wu chang fa,, bian yi zhi fa; wai de zhong zhe, heng zhu,, bu bian yi. shi wei de you er zhong, bu yu you chang,, wu chang xiang ying. yu san da zhe yi fu ru shi, bu yu you chang,, wu chang gong xiang ying. shi gu, lu tou! sui you ba zhong, qi shi you si. ru shi, lu tou, dang zuo shi xue."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

[0652b11] At that time, Deer-head (鹿頭 [lu tou]), hearing what the Buddha (佛 [fu]) said, rejoiced and practiced it.

[0652b11] ěr shí, lù tóu wén fú suǒ shuō, huān xǐ fèng xíng.

[0652b11] er shi, lu tou wen fu suo shuo, huan xi feng xing.