Sanskrit quote nr. 463 (Maha-subhashita-samgraha)

Sanskrit text:

अज्ञो वा यदि वा विपर्ययगते ज्ञानेऽथ संदेहभृद् दृष्टादृष्टविरोधि कर्म कुरुते यस्तस्य गोप्ता गुरुः ।
निः संदेहविपर्यये सति पुनर्ज्ञाने विरुद्धक्रियं राजा चेत् पुरुषं न शास्ति तदयं प्राप्तः प्रजाविप्लवः ॥

ajño vā yadi vā viparyayagate jñāne'tha saṃdehabhṛd dṛṣṭādṛṣṭavirodhi karma kurute yastasya goptā guruḥ |
niḥ saṃdehaviparyaye sati punarjñāne viruddhakriyaṃ rājā cet puruṣaṃ na śāsti tadayaṃ prāptaḥ prajāviplavaḥ ||

Presented above is a Sanskrit aphorism, also known as a subhāṣita, which is at the very least, a literary piece of art. This page provides critical research material such as an anlaysis on the poetic meter used, an English translation, a glossary explaining technical terms, and a list of resources including print editions and digital links.

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: Consider this as an approximate extraction of glossary words based on an experimental segmentation of the Sanskrit verse. Some could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned.

Ajna (ajña, अज्ञ): defined in 12 categories.
Va (व, vā, वा): defined in 11 categories.
Var (vār, वार्): defined in 6 categories.
Yadi (यदि): defined in 6 categories.
Yad (यद्): defined in 3 categories.
Viparyaya (विपर्यय, viparyayā, विपर्यया): defined in 16 categories.
Gat (गत्): defined in 3 categories.
Gata (गत, gatā, गता): defined in 10 categories.
Gati (गति): defined in 22 categories.
Jnana (jñāna, ज्ञान, jñānā, ज्ञाना): defined in 17 categories.
Atha (अथ): defined in 7 categories.
Drishtadrishta (drstadrsta, dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa, दृष्टादृष्ट): defined in 5 categories.
Virodhin (विरोधिन्): defined in 11 categories.
Kuruta (kurutā, कुरुता): defined in 4 categories.
Yasta (यस्त): defined in 1 categories.
Goptri (goptr, goptṛ, गोप्तृ): defined in 1 categories.
Guru (गुरु): defined in 25 categories.
Nih (niḥ, निः): defined in 3 categories.
Ni (नि): defined in 9 categories.
Viparyaye (विपर्यये): defined in 1 categories.
Sat (सत्): defined in 7 categories.
Punar (पुनर्): defined in 4 categories.
Viruddha (विरुद्ध): defined in 13 categories.
Kriya (क्रिय): defined in 17 categories.
Raja (rājā, राजा): defined in 16 categories.
Rajan (rājan, राजन्): defined in 12 categories.
Raj (rāj, राज्): defined in 4 categories.
Purusha (purusa, puruṣa, पुरुष): defined in 22 categories.
Na (न): defined in 12 categories.
Tad (तद्): defined in 5 categories.
Tat (तत्): defined in 7 categories.
Aya (अय): defined in 14 categories.
Idam (इदम्): defined in 3 categories.
Prapta (prāpta, प्राप्त): defined in 8 categories.
Praja (प्रज, prajā, प्रजा): defined in 7 categories.
Aviplava (अविप्लव): defined in 1 categories.

Defined according to the following glossaries/dictionaries: Hinduism, Jainism, Sanskrit, Purana (epic history), Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology), Shaktism (Shakta philosophy), Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy), Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism), India history, Marathi, Hindi, Kannada, Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar), Prakrit, Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra), Biology (plants and animals), Tamil, Pali, Arthashastra (politics and welfare), Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy), Kavya (poetry), Ayurveda (science of life), Samkhya (school of philosophy), Nyaya (school of philosophy), Nepali, Buddhism, Yoga (school of philosophy), Theravada (major branch of Buddhism), Jain philosophy, Arts (wordly enjoyments), Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism), Vastushastra (architecture), Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma), Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa), Buddhist philosophy, Vedanta (school of philosophy), Dharmashastra (religious law), Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres), Kosha (encyclopedic lexicons), Shilpashastra (iconography)

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit verse. If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

Line 1: “ajño vā yadi vā viparyayagate jñāne'tha saṃdehabhṛd dṛṣṭādṛṣṭavirodhi karma kurute yastasya goptā guruḥ”
ajño* -
ajña (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
vā* -
vār (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]

vār (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]

va (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

vā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
yadi -
yadi (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

yadi (indeclinable relative)

[indeclinable relative]

yadi (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

yad (noun, masculine)

[locative single]
vā* -
vār (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]

vār (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]

va (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

vā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
viparyaya -
viparyaya (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

viparyaya (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
gate -
gat (noun, masculine)

[dative single]

gat (noun, neuter)

[dative single]

gata (noun, masculine)

[locative single]

gata (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

gatā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]

gati (noun, feminine)

[vocative single]

gati (noun, masculine)

[vocative single]
jñāne' -
jñāna (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

jñānā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
atha -
atha (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]
sandehabhṛd -
sandehabhṛt (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]

sandehabhṛt (noun, neuter)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa -
dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
virodhi -
virodhī (noun, feminine)

[adverb], [vocative single]

virodhin (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb]

virodhin (noun, neuter)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
karma -
karman (noun, neuter)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
kurute -
kurutā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]

√kṛ (verb class 8)

[present middle third single]
yastasya -
yasta (noun, masculine)

[genitive single]

yasta (noun, neuter)

[genitive single]

√yas -> yasta (participle, masculine)

[genitive single from √yas class 4 verb]

√yas -> yasta (participle, neuter)

[genitive single from √yas class 4 verb]
goptā -
goptṛ (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

√gup (verb class 4)

[periphrastic-future active third single]
guruḥ -
guru (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
Line 2: “niḥ saṃdehaviparyaye sati punarjñāne viruddhakriyaṃ rājā cet puruṣaṃ na śāsti tadayaṃ prāptaḥ prajāviplavaḥ”
niḥ -
niḥ (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

niḥ (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

ni (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

ni (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
sandeha -
sandeha (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]
viparyaye -
viparyaye (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

viparyaya (noun, masculine)

[locative single]

viparyaya (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

viparyayā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
sati -
satī (noun, feminine)

[adverb], [vocative single]

sati (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb]

sat (noun, masculine)

[locative single]

sat (noun, neuter)

[locative single]
punar -
punar (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

punar (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]
jñāne -
jñāna (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

jñānā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
viruddha -
viruddha (indeclinable preposition)

[indeclinable preposition]

viruddha (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

viruddha (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
kriyam -
kriya (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

kriyā (noun, feminine)

[adverb]
rājā -
rājā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]

rājan (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

rāj (noun, masculine)

[instrumental single]

rāj (noun, neuter)

[instrumental single]
Cannot analyse cet*pu
puruṣam -
puruṣa (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

puruṣa (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
na -
na (indeclinable particle)

[indeclinable particle]

na (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

na (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
śāsti -
śāsti (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb]

śāsti (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb]

√śās (verb class 2)

[present active third single]
tad -
tad (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

tad (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

tat (indeclinable correlative)

[indeclinable correlative]

tad (noun, neuter)

[compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
ayam -
aya (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

idam (pronoun, masculine)

[nominative single]
prāptaḥ -
prāpta (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
prajā -
praja (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

praja (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]

prajā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
aviplavaḥ -
aviplava (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

About the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha

buy this book

This quote is included within the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha (महासुभाषितसंग्रह, maha-subhashita-samgraha / subhasita-sangraha), which is a compendium of Sanskrit aphorisms (subhāṣita), collected from various sources. Subhāṣita is a genre of Sanskrit literature, exposing the vast and rich cultural heritage of ancient India.

It has serial number 463 and can be found on page . (read on archive.org)

Sanskrit is the oldest living language and bears testimony to the intellectual past of ancient India. Three major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) share this language, which is used for many of their holy books. Besides religious manuscripts, much of India’s ancient culture has been preserved in Sanskrit, covering topics such as Architecture, Music, Botany, Surgery, Ethics, Philosophy, Dance and much more.

< Back to list with quotes

Last Updated: 23 April, 2019