Sanskrit quote nr. 4427 (Maha-subhashita-samgraha)
Sanskrit text:
आचारः परमो धर्मः सर्वेषामिति निश्चयः ।
हीनाचारपरीतात्मा प्रेत्य चेह च नश्यति ॥ācāraḥ paramo dharmaḥ sarveṣāmiti niścayaḥ |
hīnācāraparītātmā pretya ceha ca naśyati ||
Index
Presented above is a Sanskrit aphorism, also known as a subhāṣita, which is at the very least, a literary piece of art. This page provides critical research material such as an anlaysis on the poetic meter used, an English translation, a glossary explaining technical terms, and a list of resources including print editions and digital links.
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: Consider this as an approximate extraction of glossary words based on an experimental segmentation of the Sanskrit verse. Some could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned.
Acara (ācāra, आचार): defined in 20 categories.
Parama (परम): defined in 16 categories.
Dharma (धर्म): defined in 25 categories.
Iti (इति): defined in 6 categories.
Nishcaya (niscaya, niścaya, निश्चय): defined in 11 categories.
Hina (hīna, हीन, hīnā, हीना): defined in 14 categories.
Parita (parīta, परीत): defined in 7 categories.
Ma (mā, मा): defined in 10 categories.
Asmad (अस्मद्): defined in 2 categories.
Pretya (प्रेत्य): defined in 3 categories.
Ca (च): defined in 9 categories.
Nashyat (nasyat, naśyat, नश्यत्): defined in 2 categories.
Defined according to the following glossaries/dictionaries: Buddhism, Jainism, Sanskrit, Pali, Purana (epic history), Yoga (school of philosophy), Ayurveda (science of life), Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar), Vedanta (school of philosophy), Shaktism (Shakta philosophy), Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy), Dharmashastra (religious law), Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism), India history, Marathi, Prakrit, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, Nepali, Shilpashastra (iconography), Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma), Theravada (major branch of Buddhism), Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism), Arthashastra (politics and welfare), Kavya (poetry), Mimamsa (school of philosophy), Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology), Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa), Vaisheshika (school of philosophy), Nyaya (school of philosophy), Biology (plants and animals), Arts (wordly enjoyments), Vastushastra (architecture), Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit verse. If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “ācāraḥ paramo dharmaḥ sarveṣāmiti niścayaḥ”
- ācāraḥ -
-
ācāra (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- paramo* -
-
parama (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- dharmaḥ -
-
dharma (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- sarveṣām -
-
sarva (noun, masculine)[genitive plural]sarva (noun, neuter)[genitive plural]
- iti -
-
iti (indeclinable particle)[indeclinable particle]iti (noun, feminine)[compound], [adverb]
- niścayaḥ -
-
niścaya (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- Line 2: “hīnācāraparītātmā pretya ceha ca naśyati”
- hīnā -
-
hīna (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]hīna (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]hīnā (noun, feminine)[nominative single]√hā -> hīna (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √hā class 1 verb], [vocative single from √hā class 3 verb]√hā -> hīna (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √hā class 1 verb], [vocative single from √hā class 3 verb]√hā -> hīnā (participle, feminine)[nominative single from √hā class 1 verb], [nominative single from √hā class 3 verb]
- ācāra -
-
ācāra (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]
- parītāt -
-
parīta (noun, masculine)[adverb], [ablative single]parīta (noun, neuter)[adverb], [ablative single]
- mā -
-
mā (indeclinable particle)[indeclinable particle]mā (noun, feminine)[nominative single]asmad (pronoun, none)[accusative single]
- pretya -
-
pretya (indeclinable)[indeclinable]
- ceha -
-
√cah (verb class 1)[perfect active second plural]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- naśyati -
-
naśyat (noun, masculine)[locative single]naśyat (noun, neuter)[locative single]√naś -> naśyat (participle, masculine)[locative single from √naś class 4 verb]√naś -> naśyat (participle, neuter)[locative single from √naś class 4 verb]√naś (verb class 4)[present active third single]
About the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha
buy this bookThis quote is included within the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha (महासुभाषितसंग्रह, maha-subhashita-samgraha / subhasita-sangraha), which is a compendium of Sanskrit aphorisms (subhāṣita), collected from various sources. Subhāṣita is a genre of Sanskrit literature, exposing the vast and rich cultural heritage of ancient India.
It has serial number 4427 and can be found on page . (read on archive.org)
Sanskrit is the oldest living language and bears testimony to the intellectual past of ancient India. Three major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) share this language, which is used for many of their holy books. Besides religious manuscripts, much of India’s ancient culture has been preserved in Sanskrit, covering topics such as Architecture, Music, Botany, Surgery, Ethics, Philosophy, Dance and much more.