Sanskrit quote nr. 18 (Maha-subhashita-samgraha)
Sanskrit text:
अकरुण कातरमनसा दर्शितनीरा निरन्तरालेयम् ।
त्वामनुधावति विमुखं गङ्गेव भगीरथं दृष्टिः ॥akaruṇa kātaramanasā darśitanīrā nirantarāleyam |
tvāmanudhāvati vimukhaṃ gaṅgeva bhagīrathaṃ dṛṣṭiḥ ||
Meter name: Āryā; Type: Mātrācchanda; 19 syllables per quarter (pāda).
Primary English translation:
“O pitiless man, with an agitated mind my eyes shed a continuous flow of tears and follow you with your face averted, like Gaṅgā following Bhagīratha.”
(translation by A. A. Ramanathan)
Index
- Introduction
- Glossary of terms
- Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
- Sources
- Authorship
- About the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha
Presented above is a Sanskrit aphorism, also known as a subhāṣita, which is at the very least, a literary piece of art. This page provides critical research material such as an anlaysis on the poetic meter used, an English translation, a glossary explaining technical terms, and a list of resources including print editions and digital links.
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: Consider this as an approximate extraction of glossary words based on an experimental segmentation of the Sanskrit verse. Some could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned.
Akaruna (akaruṇa, अकरुण): defined in 4 categories.
Katara (kātara, कातर): defined in 8 categories.
Anas (अनस्): defined in 2 categories.
Darshita (darsita, darśita, दर्शित): defined in 11 categories.
Nirantarala (nirantarāla, निरन्तराल, nirantarālā, निरन्तराला): defined in 1 categories.
Iyam (इयम्): defined in 3 categories.
Idam (इदम्): defined in 3 categories.
Tva (tvā, त्वा): defined in 3 categories.
Yushmad (yusmad, yuṣmad, युष्मद्): defined in 3 categories.
Anu (अनु): defined in 18 categories.
Dhavat (dhāvat, धावत्): defined in 3 categories.
Vimukha (विमुख): defined in 8 categories.
Ganga (gaṅga, गङ्ग, gaṅgā, गङ्गा): defined in 21 categories.
Iva (इव): defined in 4 categories.
Bhagiratha (bhagīratha, भगीरथ): defined in 9 categories.
Drishti (drsti, dṛṣṭi, दृष्टि): defined in 19 categories.
Defined according to the following glossaries/dictionaries: Sanskrit, Purana (epic history), Marathi, Kannada, Pali, Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa), Hindi, Tamil, Biology (plants and animals), Jainism, Kavya (poetry), Yoga (school of philosophy), Shaktism (Shakta philosophy), Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy), Nepali, Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar), Buddhism, Vastushastra (architecture), Ayurveda (science of life), Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology), Vedanta (school of philosophy), Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy), Prakrit, Dharmashastra (religious law), Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism), Shilpashastra (iconography), Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma), Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy), Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism), Theravada (major branch of Buddhism), India history, Kavyashastra (science of poetry), Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra), Arts (wordly enjoyments)
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit verse. If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “akaruṇa kātaramanasā darśitanīrā nirantarāleyam”
- akaruṇa -
-
akaruṇa (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]akaruṇa (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- kātaram -
-
kātara (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]kātara (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]kātarā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- anasā -
-
anas (noun, neuter)[instrumental single]
- darśita -
-
darśita (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]darśita (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]√dṛś -> darśita (participle, masculine)[compound from √dṛś]√dṛś -> darśita (participle, neuter)[compound from √dṛś]√dṛś -> darśita (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √dṛś]√dṛś -> darśita (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √dṛś]
- nīrā -
-
- nirantarāle -
-
nirantarāla (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single], [locative single]nirantarāla (noun, neuter)[compound], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]nirantarālā (noun, feminine)[nominative single], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- iyam -
-
iyam (noun, feminine)[nominative single]ī (noun, feminine)[accusative single]ī (noun, masculine)[accusative single]idam (pronoun, feminine)[nominative single]
- Line 2: “tvāmanudhāvati vimukhaṃ gaṅgeva bhagīrathaṃ dṛṣṭiḥ”
- tvām -
-
tvā (noun, feminine)[accusative single]yuṣmad (pronoun, none)[accusative single]
- anu -
-
anu (indeclinable adverb)[indeclinable adverb]anu (indeclinable preposition)[indeclinable preposition]anu (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb]anu (noun, neuter)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]anu (noun, feminine)[compound], [adverb]anu (Preverb)[Preverb]
- dhāvati -
-
dhāvat (noun, masculine)[locative single]dhāvat (noun, neuter)[locative single]√dhāv (verb class 1)[present active third single]√dhāv (verb class 1)[present active third single]
- vimukham -
-
vimukha (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]vimukha (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]vimukhā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- gaṅge -
-
gaṅga (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single], [locative single]gaṅgā (noun, feminine)[nominative single], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- iva -
-
iva (indeclinable adverb)[indeclinable adverb]iva (indeclinable)[indeclinable]
- bhagīratham -
-
bhagīratha (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]
- dṛṣṭiḥ -
-
dṛṣṭi (noun, feminine)[nominative single]
Sources
This quote is contained within the following Sanskrit literary sources:
Subhāṣitaratnabhāṇḍāgāra 351.25: Literally, “Gems of Sanskrit poetry”. This work is a recent compilation of more than 10,000 Subhāṣitas, or ‘sanskrit aphorisms’. The book was compiled by Nārāyaṇa Rāma Ācārya in 1952.
More info
About the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha
buy this bookThis quote is included within the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha (महासुभाषितसंग्रह, maha-subhashita-samgraha / subhasita-sangraha), which is a compendium of Sanskrit aphorisms (subhāṣita), collected from various sources. Subhāṣita is a genre of Sanskrit literature, exposing the vast and rich cultural heritage of ancient India.
It has serial number 18 and can be found on page 4. (read on archive.org)
Sanskrit is the oldest living language and bears testimony to the intellectual past of ancient India. Three major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) share this language, which is used for many of their holy books. Besides religious manuscripts, much of India’s ancient culture has been preserved in Sanskrit, covering topics such as Architecture, Music, Botany, Surgery, Ethics, Philosophy, Dance and much more.