Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.544
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.544:
गवयेन समोऽनड्वानिति वृत्तिस्तदा भवेत् ।
न त्वस्ति गौरिवेत्यत्र व्यतिरेक इवाश्रयः ॥ ५४४ ॥gavayena samo'naḍvāniti vṛttistadā bhavet |
na tvasti gaurivetyatra vyatireka ivāśrayaḥ || 544 ||544. The suffix vati would be added when one wants to say; gavayena samo'naḍvān = ‘the bullock is like a ‘gayal’ (gavaya)’. In gaur iva, no difference based on iva is understood.
Commentary
[If the word kriyā is not mentioned in the previous sūtra, the suffix vati would be added even in cases like gavayena tulyo'naḍvān = ‘the bullock is like a gayal (gavayaḥ)’, where the resemblance is between two substances. Therefore, the word kriyā must be mentioned there. If that is done, then a separate sūtra becomes necessary if vati is to be used when the resemblance is based on substance or quality. Through the separate sūtra, there would be no vati in gavayena tulyo'naḍvān. As difference based on the meaning of iva is not possible and as it depends upon an external object and as there is no such thing here, vati cannot be added in this case. Nor can there be vati in gaur iva gavayaḥ, because difference based on the meaning of iva is not possible and there is no outside object here either. As there is no difference there is no sixth case-affix, but only the first case-affix. P. 5.1.116, does not teach vati after a word ending in the first case-affix. When there is an outside object as in goriva gavayasya saṃsthānam = ‘the shape of a gavaya is like that of a cow, then vati is added:—we can say govat gavayasya saṃsthānam.]