Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.463
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.463:
सोपस्कारेषु सूत्रेषु वाक्ये शेषः समर्थ्यते ।
तेन यत् तत् तृतीयान्तं क्रिया चेत् सेति गम्यते ॥ ४६३ ॥sopaskāreṣu sūtreṣu vākye śeṣaḥ samarthyate |
tena yat tat tṛtīyāntaṃ kriyā cet seti gamyate || 463 ||463. As the sūtras are meant to be completed (sopaskāreṣu), the required portion is brought into the (explanatory) sentence. Thus one understands as follows: ‘if what ends in the third case-affix is expressive of an action.’
Commentary
After having pointed out the difficulty in connecting the word kriyā in the sūtra with tena, it is now shown how it can be got over.
[Read verse 463 above]
[As usually there is no verb in the sūtras, it has to be supplied according to the requirements of the context. The word cet in the sūtra enables us to complete its sense as follows : yat tattṛtīyāsamarthaṃ kriyā cet sā bhavati = “if what ends in the third case-affix is (expressive of) an action.” (M. Bhā.II, p. 363, 1. 11). In this way, a connection between kriyā and tena results. There is no need to change the case-ending in the sūtra itself. The change can be made in the sentence which explains the sūtra. The word tena in the sūtra only tells us that the stem for the suffix vatī ends in the third case-affix. The word cet enables us to change it in the explanation according to the word expressive of the condition (upādhi).]
It is now shown that the condition for the operation of a grammatical rule is not always indicated in the same way.