Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.299
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.299:
तुल्यरूपं यथाख्यातं कण्टकै(कङ्कटै)र्भेदहेतुभिः ।
खदिरं जातिभेदेन खर्जूरात्(बर्बुरात्) प्रतिपद्यते ॥ २९९ ॥tulyarūpaṃ yathākhyātaṃ kaṇṭakai(kaṅkaṭai)rbhedahetubhiḥ |
khadiraṃ jātibhedena kharjūrāt(barburāt) pratipadyate || 299 ||299. It is like our understanding the khadira, which had been declared to be similar, as really belonging to another species than kharjūra because of its thorns.
Commentary
[Another illustration. One first understands the khadira to be similar to a kharjūra and, later, because of its thorns, it is understood as belonging to a different species than kharjūra. Similarly, one first understands identity because of the presence of some of the qualities of a brāhmaṇa but when the expression abrāhmaṇa is heard, one understands that the person concerned belongs to a different caste though other properties are the same.]