Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.12.1
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.12.1:
य आत्मनेपदाद् भेदः क्वचिदर्थस्य गम्यते ।
अन्यतश्चापि लादेशान्मन्यन्ते तमुपग्रहम् ॥ १ ॥ya ātmanepadād bhedaḥ kvacidarthasya gamyate |
anyataścāpi lādeśānmanyante tamupagraham || 1 ||1. That difference in meaning which is understood from the ātmanepada substitute of la (verbal suffix) or the other substitute (parasmaipada) is called Aspect (upagraha).
Commentary
In order to consider ‘Aspect’, one of the meanings of a verb, its nature is going to be expounded.
[Read verse 1 above]
[The term upagraha has come down from earlier grammarians. It stands for a certain peculiarity in the action or the means such as the fact of being meant for the agent or otherwise and is expressed by the ātmanepada or parasmaipada suffixes.]
The he same idea is now further clarified.