Verse 2.306

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.306:

आख्यातं तद्धितार्थस्य यत्किञ्चिदुपदर्शकम् ।
गुणाप्रधानभावस्य तत्र दृष्टो विपर्ययः ॥ ३०६ ॥

ākhyātaṃ taddhitārthasya yatkiñcidupadarśakam |
guṇāpradhānabhāvasya tatra dṛṣṭo viparyayaḥ || 306 ||

306. (In the sūtras setting forth the meanings of words ending in taddhita suffixes) the verb just says something about the meaning of the taddhita suffixes (and does not insist on action as it usually does) One sees a reversal of the relation of primary and secondary meanings.

Commentary

The following is an example of the reversal of what is important and what is secondary.

[Read verse 306 above]

[The following is an example. P. 4.4.2. teaches the meaning in which certain suffixes are added to stems. As the verb is the most important word in the sentence and as a verb like dīvyati primarily expresses action, the word ending in the suffix concerned should primarily express action. But in fact the usual relation of primary and secondary between action and accessory is not meant here. In dīvyati, the action is primary but in ākṣika the word formed according to that sūtra P. 4.4.2., (akṣair dīvyati = ākṣikaḥ), the agent is primary and not action. In the sūtra Bhāve (P. 3.3.18) the masculine gender and the singular number are not significant.

While Puṇyarāja explains this verse on the basis of P. 4.4.2, the Vṛtti does it on the basis of P.4.2.59 and P 5 2 84 where also the meaning of the suffix is indicated by means of a verb. The word formed by the suffix concerned, however, expresses the agent primarily and action secondarily: sarvadhātūpasarjanībhūtākriyāparicchinnam ākhyātāpratyavamṛṣṭarūpaṃ prādhānyena sādhanam abhidhīyate.]

Now follows an illustration of a part of the meaning being not meant:—