Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 2.192
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.192:
निपाता द्योतकाः केचित् पृथगर्थाभिधायिनः ।
आगमा इव केऽपि स्युः संभूयार्थस्य वाचकाः ॥ १९२ ॥nipātā dyotakāḥ kecit pṛthagarthābhidhāyinaḥ |
āgamā iva ke'pi syuḥ saṃbhūyārthasya vācakāḥ || 192 ||192. Some nipātas (particles) manifest a meaning, some are expressive of a separate meaning, some, like augments (āgamāḥ), express a meaning together with other elements.
Commentary
Now something is said about nipātas, the fourth part of speech recognised by Yāska.
[Read verse 192 above]
[It is stated in this verse that nipātas can be dyotaka = manifestors of meaning existing elsewhere, or vācaka, directly expressive of meaning or lastly, they can express a meaning in cooperation with other elements. Puṇyarāja does not give separate examples of each kind. The Vṛtti quotes some Vedic passage in the course of the explanation but the text is not clear. Those nipātas are dyotaka which are not used except in association with other words. Such are ca, vā and so on. Those are called expressive which can convey a meaning by themselves like śaśvat, yugapat. There is no restriction as to the position of the former in the sentence.]