Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

(4) [This illustrates the second-rate implied sense called asphuṭa (unclear):]

असुर-दमन नन्दकः स्व-पाणौ कुतुक-वशाद् भवता निधीयते चेत् |
सुर-पुर-वनिताः स्व-वेश्म-मोदाद् विदधति सद्-रचनोज्ज्वलं समन्तात् ||

asura-damana nandakaḥ sva-pāṇau kutuka-vaśād bhavatā nidhīyate cet |
sura-pura-vanitāḥ sva-veśma-modād vidadhati sad-racanojjvalaṃ samantāt ||

asura-damana—O subduer of demons; nandakaḥ—the sword named Nandaka; sva-pāṇau—in Your hand; kutuka—of eagerness; vaśāt—due to the influence; bhavatā—by You; nidhīyate—is placed; cet—if; sura—of gods; pura—in the cities;vanitāḥ—the women; sva-veśma—of the own house; modāt—due to the delight; vidadhati—they make; sat-racanā—of a good arrangement; ujjvalam—the resplendence; samantāt—on all sides.

If You, O subduer of demons, brandish Your Nandaka sword, then the single women in the cities of the gods refurbish their domiciles.

atra khaḍgodyamanāt kṛṣṇena ripavo vīrā haniṣyante, te ca svargam asmat-patitvenāyāsyantīty ānandāveśāt svargāṅganāḥ sva-niketaṃ maṇḍayantīti vyaṅgyam asphuṭam, kaṣṭa-gamyatvāt.

The implied sense in this verse is unclear because it is understood with difficulty: “With great joy, the women of Svarga decorate their residences. They think: “Since He is raising His sword, heroic enemies will be killed by Kṛṣṇa, come to Svarga, and become our husbands.””

Commentary:

This is Mammaṭa’s example of asphuṭa (unclear):

adṛṣṭe darsanotkaṇṭhā dṛṣṭe viccheda-bhīrutā |
nādṛṣṭena na dṛṣṭena bhavatā labhyate sukham ||

“When I don’t see You, I long to see You, but when I see You, I fear separation from You. Whether I see You or not, I obtain no happiness” (Kāvya-prakāśa, verse 128).

He elaborates:

atrādṛṣṭo yathā na bhavasi viyoga-bhayaṃ ca yathā notpadyate tathā kuryā iti kliṣṭam,

“Here the implied sense, which is as follows, is perceived with difficulty: “Make things happen so that You do not remain unseen and the fear of separation from You does not occur” (Kāvya-prakāśa, verse 128 vṛtti).

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