Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.95.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ह॒ये जाये॒ मन॑सा॒ तिष्ठ॑ घोरे॒ वचां॑सि मि॒श्रा कृ॑णवावहै॒ नु । न नौ॒ मन्त्रा॒ अनु॑दितास ए॒ते मय॑स्कर॒न्पर॑तरे च॒नाह॑न् ॥
हये जाये मनसा तिष्ठ घोरे वचांसि मिश्रा कृणवावहै नु । न नौ मन्त्रा अनुदितास एते मयस्करन्परतरे चनाहन् ॥
haye jāye manasā tiṣṭha ghore vacāṃsi miśrā kṛṇavāvahai nu | na nau mantrā anuditāsa ete mayas karan paratare canāhan ||

English translation:

“(Purūravā) speaks). How indignant wife, with mind (relenting), stay awhile, let us now interchangediscourse. These, our secret thoughts, while unspoken, did not yield us happiness even at the last day.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Alegend: mitra and Varuṇa, excited by the charms of Ūrvaśī, gave birth to Agastya, pronouncing at the sametime an imprecation upon the nymph and condemning her to descend to earth and cohabit with a mortal. Iḷā, aking, had gone out hunting with the sons of Manu. He reached a mountain where Umā, the daughter of themountain, with her attendant nymphs, was worshipping Śiva. In punishment for his intrusion, he was changedinto a woman. He prayed to Śiva and was restored to manhood; he was referred to Devī who allowed him to bealternately male and feminine le, six months at a time. in the latter condition Budha, the son of Soma, becameenamoured of her, and had a son by her, who was called Purūravā who became the king of Pratiṣṭhāna.Purūravā became enamoured of Ūrvaśī, who became his mistress on condition that if he should be everaked in her sight, except in bed, she should return to heaven; he was also to take charge of two pet ramsbelonging to her. They lived together four years, when one night, hearing the bleating of the rams as they werebeing carried off by the gods, Purūravā sprang from the bed in pursuit, when a flash of lightning exhibited himto Ūrvaśi naked. She consequently left him and returned to heaven. Purūravā went in quest of her, andwandered aqbout like one distracted, until he finally discovered her sporting with fellow-nymphs. He implored herto return, but she refused, calling him by various opporbrious names, as horse, brute, and the like (vajra). Thisoccasions the dialogue of the sūkta, which contains an allusion to the past cohabitation of the king and thenymph and the unwillingness of the king to let his mistress depart. The legend is also related in the drama, theVikramorvas'I and in the Ādi parva of the Mahābhārata

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): purūravā aiḷaḥ [purūravā aiḷa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): urvaśī ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ह॒ये । जाये॑ । मन॑सा । तिष्ठ॑ । घोरे॑ । वचां॑सि । मि॒श्रा । कृ॒ण॒वा॒व॒है॒ । नु । न । नौ॒ । मन्त्राः॑ । अनु॑दितासः । ए॒ते । मयः॑ । क॒र॒न् । पर॑ऽतरे । च॒न । अह॑न् ॥
हये । जाये । मनसा । तिष्ठ । घोरे । वचांसि । मिश्रा । कृणवावहै । नु । न । नौ । मन्त्राः । अनुदितासः । एते । मयः । करन् । परतरे । चन । अहन् ॥
haye | jāye | manasā | tiṣṭha | ghore | vacāṃsi | miśrā | kṛṇavāvahai | nu | na | nau | mantrāḥ | anuditāsaḥ | ete | mayaḥ | karan | para-tare | cana | ahan

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.95.1 English analysis of grammar]

haye

[adverb]

jāye < jāyā

[noun], vocative, singular, feminine

“wife; jāyā [word].”

manasā < manas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“mind; Manas; purpose; idea; attention; heart; decision; manas [word]; manas [indecl.]; spirit; temper; intelligence.”

tiṣṭha < sthā

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

ghore < ghora

[noun], vocative, singular, feminine

“awful; dangerous; terrific; intense; dreadful.”

vacāṃsi < vacas

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

miśrā < miśra

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“amalgamated; mingled; miśra [word]; varicolored.”

kṛṇavāvahai < kṛ

[verb], dual, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

nu

[adverb]

“now; already.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nau < mad

[noun], dative, dual

“I; mine.”

mantrā < mantrāḥ < mantra

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“mantra; Mantra; consultation; advice; consultation; mantra [word]; speech; plan.”

anuditāsa < anuditāsaḥ < anudita

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

ete < etad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

mayas < mayaḥ < mayas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“pleasure; refreshment.”

karan < kṛ

[verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

paratare < paratara

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“higher.”

canāhan < ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

canāhan < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

canāhan < ahan < ahar

[noun], locative, singular

“day; day; ahar [word]; day; day.”

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