Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.74.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आग॑न्म वृत्र॒हन्त॑मं॒ ज्येष्ठ॑म॒ग्निमान॑वम् । यस्य॑ श्रु॒तर्वा॑ बृ॒हन्ना॒र्क्षो अनी॑क॒ एध॑ते ॥
आगन्म वृत्रहन्तमं ज्येष्ठमग्निमानवम् । यस्य श्रुतर्वा बृहन्नार्क्षो अनीक एधते ॥
āganma vṛtrahantamaṃ jyeṣṭham agnim ānavam | yasya śrutarvā bṛhann ārkṣo anīka edhate ||

English translation:

“We have come to that most excellent Agni, mightiest destroyer of the wicked, the benefactor of men, inwhose army (O rays) Śruvavān, the mighty son of Ṛkṣa, waxes great.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

...who with his host of rays is kindled inŚrutarvān, the son of Ṛkṣa

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ [gopavana ātreya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍanuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ । अ॒ग॒न्म॒ । वृ॒त्र॒हन्ऽत॑मम् । ज्येष्ठ॑म् । अ॒ग्निम् । आन॑वम् । यस्य॑ । श्रु॒तर्वा॑ । बृ॒हन् । आ॒र्क्षः । अनी॑के । एध॑ते ॥
आ । अगन्म । वृत्रहन्तमम् । ज्येष्ठम् । अग्निम् । आनवम् । यस्य । श्रुतर्वा । बृहन् । आर्क्षः । अनीके । एधते ॥
ā | aganma | vṛtrahan-tamam | jyeṣṭham | agnim | ānavam | yasya | śrutarvā | bṛhan | ārkṣaḥ | anīke | edhate

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.74.4 English analysis of grammar]

āganma < āgam < √gam

[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)

“come; arrive; return; enter (a state); approach; travel; enter; inherit; hand down; achieve; reach; appear; happen.”

vṛtrahantamaṃ < vṛtra

[noun], masculine

“enemy.”

vṛtrahantamaṃ < hantamam < hantama

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“killing.”

jyeṣṭham < jyeṣṭha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

agnim < agni

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

ānavam < ānava

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

yasya < yad

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

śrutarvā < śrutarvan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

bṛhann < bṛhan < bṛhat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

ārkṣo < ārkṣaḥ < ārkṣa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

anīka < anīke < anīka

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“army; face; battalion; battlefront; point; appearance.”

edhate < edh

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“boom; get; thrive; increase; increase.”

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