Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.28.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वा यु॒जा तव॒ तत्सो॑म स॒ख्य इन्द्रो॑ अ॒पो मन॑वे स॒स्रुत॑स्कः । अह॒न्नहि॒मरि॑णात्स॒प्त सिन्धू॒नपा॑वृणो॒दपि॑हितेव॒ खानि॑ ॥
त्वा युजा तव तत्सोम सख्य इन्द्रो अपो मनवे सस्रुतस्कः । अहन्नहिमरिणात्सप्त सिन्धूनपावृणोदपिहितेव खानि ॥
tvā yujā tava tat soma sakhya indro apo manave sasrutas kaḥ | ahann ahim ariṇāt sapta sindhūn apāvṛṇod apihiteva khāni ||
English translation:
“Through that friendship, Soma, which has united you with your (friend) Indra, he has made the waters flow for man; he has slain Ahi; he has sent forth the seven rivers, and has opened the shut-up sources (of the streams).”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevaḥ [vāmadeva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāsomau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वा । यु॒जा । तव॑ । तत् । सो॒म॒ । स॒ख्ये । इन्द्रः॑ । अ॒पः । मन॑वे । स॒ऽस्रुतः॑ । क॒रिति॑ कः । अह॒न् । अहि॑म् । अरि॑णात् । स॒प्त । सिन्धू॑न् । अप॑ । अ॒वृ॒णो॒त् । अपि॑हिताऽइव । खानि॑ ॥
त्वा । युजा । तव । तत् । सोम । सख्ये । इन्द्रः । अपः । मनवे । सस्रुतः । करिति कः । अहन् । अहिम् । अरिणात् । सप्त । सिन्धून् । अप । अवृणोत् । अपिहिताइव । खानि ॥
tvā | yujā | tava | tat | soma | sakhye | indraḥ | apaḥ | manave | sa-srutaḥ | karitikaḥ | ahan | ahim | ariṇāt | sapta | sindhūn | apa | avṛṇot | apihitāiva | khāni
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.28.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], instrumental, singular
“you.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“friendship; aid; company.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Manu; mantra; Manusmṛti; fourteen; man; manu [word]; Vaivasvata; incantation; sacred text.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“free; liberate; run; let go of.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“seven; seventh.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“river; Indus; sindhu [word].”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“open; gape.”
[verb noun], accusative, plural
“cover; obstruct.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“sky; abhra; orifice; ākāśa; hub; aperture; air; hollow; cavity; air.”