Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.12.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒हश्चि॑दग्न॒ एन॑सो अ॒भीक॑ ऊ॒र्वाद्दे॒वाना॑मु॒त मर्त्या॑नाम् । मा ते॒ सखा॑य॒: सद॒मिद्रि॑षाम॒ यच्छा॑ तो॒काय॒ तन॑याय॒ शं योः ॥
महश्चिदग्न एनसो अभीक ऊर्वाद्देवानामुत मर्त्यानाम् । मा ते सखायः सदमिद्रिषाम यच्छा तोकाय तनयाय शं योः ॥
mahaś cid agna enaso abhīka ūrvād devānām uta martyānām | mā te sakhāyaḥ sadam id riṣāma yacchā tokāya tanayāya śaṃ yoḥ ||

English translation:

“Let not us, Agni, who are your friends, ever suffer harm from any great or comprehensive offence against either gods or men; bestow forgiveness upon our sons and grandsons, the reward of what has been well done.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Reward of what has been well done: yaccha tokāya, tanayāya, sam yoḥ: sam = pāparūpodravaṇam śantim, pacification of violence of the nature of sin; yoḥ sukṛtotpāditam sukham, happiness produced by what is done well

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒हः । चि॒त् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । एन॑सः । अ॒भीके॑ । ऊ॒र्वात् । दे॒वाना॑म् । उ॒त । मर्त्या॑नाम् । मा । ते॒ । सखा॑यः । सद॑म् । इत् । रि॒षा॒म॒ । यच्छ॑ । तो॒काय॑ । तन॑याय । शम् । योः ॥
महः । चित् । अग्ने । एनसः । अभीके । ऊर्वात् । देवानाम् । उत । मर्त्यानाम् । मा । ते । सखायः । सदम् । इत् । रिषाम । यच्छ । तोकाय । तनयाय । शम् । योः ॥
mahaḥ | cit | agne | enasaḥ | abhīke | ūrvāt | devānām | uta | martyānām | mā | te | sakhāyaḥ | sadam | it | riṣāma | yaccha | tokāya | tanayāya | śam | yoḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.12.5 English analysis of grammar]

mahaś < mahaḥ < mah

[noun], ablative, singular, neuter

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

agna < agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

enaso < enasaḥ < enas

[noun], ablative, singular, neuter

“sin; calamity; blame.”

abhīka < abhīke < abhīka

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“battle; meeting.”

ūrvād < ūrvāt < ūrva

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“pen; Aurva; ocean.”

devānām < deva

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

martyānām < martya

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”

[adverb]

“not.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

sakhāyaḥ < sakhi

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

sadam

[adverb]

“always.”

id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

riṣāma < riṣ

[verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.

“suffer; harm.”

yacchā < yam

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

tokāya < toka

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“offspring.”

tanayāya < tanaya

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“biological.”

śaṃ < śam

[adverb]

“śam [word].”

yoḥ < yos

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“fortune.”

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